{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2160061651","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/22.644215","title":"Class-F power amplifiers with maximally flat waveforms","display_name":"Class-F power amplifiers with maximally flat waveforms","publication_year":1997,"publication_date":"1997-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2160061651","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/22.644215","mag":"2160061651"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/22.644215","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/22.644215","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/22.644215","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S198879913","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques","issn_l":"0018-9480","issn":["0018-9480","1557-9670"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","jufo-2","ki-jl-1","norway-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320754","host_organization_name":"IEEE Microwave Theory and Techniques Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320754"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Microwave Theory and Techniques Society"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085927111","display_name":"Frederick Herbert Raab","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2644-2555","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2644-2555"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210104395","display_name":"Green Mountain Radio Research (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/01g07dr78","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210104395"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"F.H. Raab","raw_affiliation_strings":["Fort Ethan Allen, Green Mountain Radio Research Company, Colchester, VT, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Fort Ethan Allen, Green Mountain Radio Research Company, Colchester, VT, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210104395"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5085927111"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210104395"],"apc_list":{"value":2645,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2645},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":6.5827,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":479,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97100264,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"45","issue":"11","first_page":"2007","last_page":"2012"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11248","display_name":"Advanced Power Amplifier Design","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11248","display_name":"Advanced Power Amplifier Design","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10573","display_name":"Power Quality and Harmonics","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11444","display_name":"Electromagnetic Compatibility and Noise Suppression","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/class-f-power-amplifier","display_name":"class-F power amplifier","score":0.9670000076293945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fourier-coefficients","display_name":"Fourier coefficients","score":0.8759999871253967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/harmonic-efficiency","display_name":"harmonic efficiency","score":0.4320000112056732}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188414643","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3001183","display_name":"Harmonics","level":3,"score":0.8125710487365723},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194257627","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q211554","display_name":"Amplifier","level":3,"score":0.7610245943069458},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197424946","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1165717","display_name":"Waveform","level":3,"score":0.674487829208374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127934551","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1148098","display_name":"Harmonic","level":2,"score":0.5106485486030579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29210110","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177897","display_name":"Inductance","level":3,"score":0.4747267961502075},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.47054678201675415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C131770355","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q876215","display_name":"Harmonic analysis","level":2,"score":0.43257033824920654},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.42656630277633667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17829176","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179043","display_name":"Electrical impedance","level":2,"score":0.4164779484272003},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.3406301736831665},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.3115684390068054},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.31051427125930786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24890656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82811","display_name":"Acoustics","level":1,"score":0.30905693769454956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46362747","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173431","display_name":"CMOS","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/22.644215","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/22.644215","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/22.644215","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S198879913","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques","issn_l":"0018-9480","issn":["0018-9480","1557-9670"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","jufo-2","ki-jl-1","norway-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320754","host_organization_name":"IEEE Microwave Theory and Techniques Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320754"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Microwave Theory and Techniques Society"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"score":0.8999999761581421,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":15,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1514489145","https://openalex.org/W1950643505","https://openalex.org/W1970409147","https://openalex.org/W2010405629","https://openalex.org/W2036492286","https://openalex.org/W2086765751","https://openalex.org/W2087312004","https://openalex.org/W2106774131","https://openalex.org/W2125419038","https://openalex.org/W2140149573","https://openalex.org/W2164041241","https://openalex.org/W2164246812","https://openalex.org/W2170756607","https://openalex.org/W3211427431","https://openalex.org/W6802834458"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1579696083","https://openalex.org/W2026048727","https://openalex.org/W2525517395","https://openalex.org/W2367352519","https://openalex.org/W4206226528","https://openalex.org/W2004163324","https://openalex.org/W2162458593","https://openalex.org/W2543604558","https://openalex.org/W94697941","https://openalex.org/W2131300395"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Class-F":[0],"power":[1],"amplifiers":[2],"(PA's)":[3],"employ":[4],"harmonic-frequency":[5],"resonators":[6],"to":[7,14,62,105,146],"shape":[8],"their":[9],"drain":[10,24,42],"or":[11,29],"collector":[12],"waveforms":[13,85,97],"improve":[15],"efficiency.":[16],"Generally,":[17],"the":[18,23,33,41,64,76,80,84,87,90,106,123],"output":[19],"network":[20],"must":[21],"present":[22],"with":[25],"either":[26],"an":[27],"open":[28],"short":[30],"circuit":[31],"at":[32,66],"harmonic":[34],"frequencies.":[35],"At":[36],"VHF":[37],"and":[38,48,86,125],"higher":[39],"frequencies,":[40],"capacitance,":[43],"lead":[44,46],"inductance,":[45],"length,":[47],"dispersion":[49],"make":[50],"implementation":[51],"of":[52,70,83,89,103,117,132],"reasonably":[53],"ideal":[54],"tuned":[55],"circuits":[56],"difficult.":[57],"However":[58],"it":[59],"is":[60,111],"possible":[61],"control":[63],"impedances":[65],"a":[67,115],"finite":[68],"number":[69],"harmonics.":[71],"This":[72],"note":[73],"first":[74],"derives":[75],"basic":[77],"relationships":[78],"among":[79],"Fourier":[81,92],"coefficients":[82,93],"performance":[88,110],"amplifier.":[91],"for":[94,101],"maximally":[95],"flat":[96],"are":[98,120,139],"then":[99,112],"derived":[100],"inclusion":[102],"up":[104,145],"fifth":[107],"harmonic.":[108],"Amplifier":[109],"tabulated":[113],"as":[114,137],"function":[116],"which":[118],"harmonics":[119,138],"included":[121],"in":[122],"voltage":[124],"current":[126],"waveforms.":[127],"Efficiency":[128],"increases":[129,143],"from":[130],"50%":[131],"class":[133],"A":[134],"toward":[135],"100%":[136],"added.":[140],"Power-output":[141],"capability":[142],"by":[144],"27%.":[147]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":19},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":24},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":19},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":23},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":20},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":18},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":25}],"updated_date":"2026-10-04T09:36:47.201465","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
