{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2159728518","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1152/jn.1995.73.1.347","title":"Impairments of reaching movements in patients without proprioception. I. Spatial errors","display_name":"Impairments of reaching movements in patients without proprioception. I. Spatial errors","publication_year":1995,"publication_date":"1995-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2159728518","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1152/jn.1995.73.1.347","mag":"2159728518","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7714577"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1152/jn.1995.73.1.347","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1152/jn.1995.73.1.347","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1152/jn.1995.73.1.347","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S142952003","display_name":"Journal of Neurophysiology","issn_l":"0022-3077","issn":["0022-3077","1522-1598"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-c","doyens","jufo-2","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320155","host_organization_name":"American Physiological Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320155"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Physiological Society"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Neurophysiology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"J. Gordon","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4388891851","display_name":"New York State Psychiatric Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/04aqjf708","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4388891851"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"J. Gordon","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Neurobiology and Behavior, New York State PsychiatricInstitute, New York"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Neurobiology and Behavior, New York State PsychiatricInstitute, New York","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4388891851"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050919667","display_name":"M. F. Ghilardi","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4388891851","display_name":"New York State Psychiatric Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/04aqjf708","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4388891851"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"M. F. Ghilardi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Neurobiology and Behavior, New York State PsychiatricInstitute, New York"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Neurobiology and Behavior, New York State PsychiatricInstitute, New York","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4388891851"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113591013","display_name":"Claude P. Ghez","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4388891851","display_name":"New York State Psychiatric Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/04aqjf708","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4388891851"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"C. Ghez","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Neurobiology and Behavior, New York State PsychiatricInstitute, New York"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Neurobiology and Behavior, New York State PsychiatricInstitute, New York","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4388891851"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4388891851"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.1784,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":357,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.94921285,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"73","issue":"1","first_page":"347","last_page":"360"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10982","display_name":"Motor Control and Adaptation","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10982","display_name":"Motor Control and Adaptation","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10914","display_name":"Tactile and Sensory Interactions","score":0.00019999999494757503,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10510","display_name":"Stroke Rehabilitation and Recovery","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2742","display_name":"Rehabilitation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/proprioception","display_name":"proprioception","score":0.703000009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/proprioceptive-deficits","display_name":"proprioceptive deficits","score":0.7839999794960022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reaching-movements","display_name":"reaching movements","score":0.9319999814033508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spatial-error","display_name":"spatial error","score":0.8489999771118164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/motor-planning","display_name":"motor planning","score":0.8309999704360962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/movement-execution","display_name":"movement execution","score":0.5009999871253967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/trajectory-control","display_name":"trajectory control","score":0.5170000195503235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/movement-direction","display_name":"movement direction","score":0.40799999237060547},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/velocity-and-acceleration","display_name":"velocity and acceleration","score":0.621999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/movement-time","display_name":"movement time","score":0.46000000834465027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/visual-feedback","display_name":"visual feedback","score":0.4729999899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/knowledge-of-results","display_name":"knowledge of results","score":0.609000027179718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/upper-limb","display_name":"upper limb","score":0.6480000019073486}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171790689","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1129066","display_name":"Proprioception","level":2,"score":0.8763627409934998},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99508421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2678675","display_name":"Physical medicine and rehabilitation","level":1,"score":0.6115779280662537},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780226923","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q929848","display_name":"Movement (music)","level":2,"score":0.5960586667060852},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.5770499110221863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C130093455","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173253","display_name":"Sensation","level":2,"score":0.5351686477661133},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94487597","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11101","display_name":"Sensory system","level":2,"score":0.5154379606246948},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.5033814311027527},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46312422","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11024","display_name":"Communication","level":1,"score":0.4945490062236786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3020716817","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4132092","display_name":"Visual feedback","level":2,"score":0.472958505153656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137813230","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2996165","display_name":"Motor control","level":2,"score":0.4297219514846802},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.38220810890197754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C548259974","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q569965","display_name":"Audiology","level":1,"score":0.3790961802005768},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.3611301779747009},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3584032654762268},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.3065445125102997},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180747234","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23373","display_name":"Cognitive psychology","level":1,"score":0.242107093334198},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.24191904067993164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.08907589316368103},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107038049","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q35986","display_name":"Aesthetics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201995342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q682496","display_name":"Systems engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007839","descriptor_name":"Functional Laterality","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009043","descriptor_name":"Motor Activity","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009068","descriptor_name":"Movement","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009475","descriptor_name":"Neurons, Afferent","qualifier_ui":"Q000473","qualifier_name":"pathology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D011434","descriptor_name":"Proprioception","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013037","descriptor_name":"Spatial Behavior","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1152/jn.1995.73.1.347","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1152/jn.1995.73.1.347","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1152/jn.1995.73.1.347","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S142952003","display_name":"Journal of Neurophysiology","issn_l":"0022-3077","issn":["0022-3077","1522-1598"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-c","doyens","jufo-2","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320155","host_organization_name":"American Physiological Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320155"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Physiological Society"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Neurophysiology","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:7714577","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7714577","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of neurophysiology","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8999999761581421,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4567682538","display_name":"TRAJECTORY SPECIFICATION IN TARGETED LIMB MOVEMENT","funder_award_id":"R01NS022715","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337359","funder_display_name":"National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337359","display_name":"National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke","ror":"https://ror.org/01s5ya894"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":30,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W284329785","https://openalex.org/W1533349159","https://openalex.org/W1537535105","https://openalex.org/W1638739080","https://openalex.org/W1797344779","https://openalex.org/W1938180783","https://openalex.org/W1974598659","https://openalex.org/W1986987106","https://openalex.org/W2024081693","https://openalex.org/W2040679553","https://openalex.org/W2045998523","https://openalex.org/W2053099831","https://openalex.org/W2054093267","https://openalex.org/W2057293301","https://openalex.org/W2108136628","https://openalex.org/W2120900952","https://openalex.org/W2134235065","https://openalex.org/W2153462336","https://openalex.org/W2169646465","https://openalex.org/W2203848466","https://openalex.org/W2228184527","https://openalex.org/W2410372588","https://openalex.org/W2470544486","https://openalex.org/W2608799023","https://openalex.org/W2616480793","https://openalex.org/W2801830100","https://openalex.org/W2883726926","https://openalex.org/W3004157836","https://openalex.org/W3092268820","https://openalex.org/W3210514869"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7097587792","https://openalex.org/W7099796358","https://openalex.org/W2004975297","https://openalex.org/W1754053389","https://openalex.org/W2026026643","https://openalex.org/W1797344779","https://openalex.org/W4391108762","https://openalex.org/W4394620152","https://openalex.org/W1030835327","https://openalex.org/W2203848466"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"1.":[0],"This":[1,103],"paper":[2,76],"introduces":[3],"a":[4,15,108,136,147,266,358],"series":[5],"of":[6,36,40,62,67,73,96,114,132,160,188,290,299,315,350,365],"studies":[7],"in":[8,14,19,49,83,91,100,110,203,269,282,306,326,332,342,370,380,389],"which":[9,111],"we":[10,339],"analyze":[11],"the":[12,50,59,63,80,92,157,166,197,246,288,316,348,362,366,372],"impairments":[13,90],"planar":[16],"reaching":[17,60],"task":[18,109],"human":[20],"patients":[21,64,85,198,244,278,307],"with":[22,65,195,324,344],"severe":[23],"proprioceptive":[24],"deficits":[25],"resulting":[26],"from":[27,89,128,213,220,357],"large-fiber":[28],"sensory":[29],"neuropathy.":[30],"We":[31,57],"studied":[32],"three":[33],"patients,":[34],"all":[35],"whom":[37],"showed":[38,228,279,340],"absence":[39],"discriminative":[41],"tactile":[42],"sensation,":[43],"position":[44,141,162],"sense,":[45],"and":[46,94,142,156,207,231,259,271,277,311,328,352],"stretch":[47],"reflexes":[48],"upper":[51],"extremities.":[52],"Muscle":[53],"strength":[54],"was":[55,77,104,118,163,262],"normal.":[56],"compared":[58],"movements":[61,233,331],"those":[66],"normal":[68,345],"control":[69,240,275,294,376],"subjects.":[70],"The":[71,238],"purpose":[72],"this":[74],"first":[75],"no":[78],"characterize":[79],"spatial":[81,201],"errors":[82,115,202,210,281,321],"these":[84,296,378],"that":[86,217,249,285,320,341,347],"result":[87],"primarily":[88],"planning":[93],"execution":[95],"movement":[97,117,174,205,214,260,283,390],"rather":[98],"than":[99],"feedback":[101,113,172],"control.":[102],"done":[105],"by":[106,243,251,264,386],"using":[107],"visual":[112,171],"during":[116,173],"prevented.":[119],"2.":[120],"Subjects":[121,150],"were":[122,144,184,211,255,303,322],"instructed":[123],"to":[124,168,179,360],"move":[125],"their":[126,154],"hand":[127,161,226,291,317],"given":[129],"starting":[130],"positions":[131],"different":[133,333],"targets":[134,143],"on":[135,146,287,301,354],"horizontal":[137],"digitizing":[138],"tablet.":[139],"Hand":[140,253],"displayed":[145,185],"computer":[148],"screen.":[149],"could":[151,175],"not":[152,176],"see":[153],"hand,":[155],"screen":[158],"display":[159],"blanked":[164],"at":[165],"signal":[167],"move.":[169],"Thus":[170],"be":[177],"used":[178,242,250],"achieve":[180],"accuracy.":[181],"Movement":[182],"paths":[183,227],"as":[186,248],"knowledge":[187],"results":[189,356],"after":[190,234],"each":[191],"trial.":[192],"3.":[193],"Compared":[194],"controls,":[196],"made":[199],"large":[200,229,310],"both":[204,274],"direction":[206,289,302,355],"extent.":[208],"Directional":[209],"evident":[212],"onset,":[215],"suggesting":[216],"they":[218,308],"resulted":[219],"improper":[221],"planning.":[222],"In":[223,293,335,375],"addition,":[224],"patients'":[225],"curves":[230],"secondary":[232],"initial":[235,373,381],"stops.":[236],"4.":[237],"overall":[239],"strategy":[241],"appeared":[245],"same":[247],"controls.":[252],"trajectories":[254,318],"approximately":[256],"bell":[257],"shaped,":[258],"extent":[261,284,300],"controlled":[263],"scaling":[265],"trajectory":[267],"waveform":[268],"amplitude":[270],"time.":[272],"However,":[273],"subjects":[276,343],"systematic":[280,297],"depended":[286],"movement.":[292],"subjects,":[295,377],"dependencies":[298],"small,":[304],"but":[305],"produced":[309],"prominent":[312],"errors.":[313],"Analysis":[314],"revealed":[319],"associated":[323],"differences":[325,379],"velocity":[327,353],"acceleration":[329,351,382],"for":[330],"directions.":[334],"an":[336],"earlier":[337],"study,":[338],"sensation":[346],"dependence":[349],"failure":[359],"take":[361],"inertial":[363],"properties":[364],"limb":[367],"into":[368],"account":[369],"programming":[371],"trajectory.":[374],"are":[383],"partially":[384],"compensated":[385],"direction-dependent":[387],"variations":[388],"time.(ABSTRACT":[391],"TRUNCATED":[392],"AT":[393],"400":[394],"WORDS)":[395]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":23},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":9}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
