{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2159682033","doi":null,"title":"A comparative study of various microencapsulation techniques: effect of polymer viscosity on microcapsule characteristics.","display_name":"A comparative study of various microencapsulation techniques: effect of polymer viscosity on microcapsule characteristics.","publication_year":2009,"publication_date":"2009-07-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2159682033","mag":"2159682033","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19553177"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmid:19553177","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19553177","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Pakistan journal of pharmaceutical sciences","raw_type":"Comparative Study"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089476521","display_name":"Ghulam Murtaza","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5649-5768","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5649-5768","https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7369-6107","https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1394-8306","https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9205-6356"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I174731842","display_name":"Islamia University of Bahawalpur","ror":"https://ror.org/002rc4w13","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I174731842"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ghulam Murtaza","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy and Alternative Medicines, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur 63100, Pakistan. gmdogar356@gmail.com"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy and Alternative Medicines, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur 63100, Pakistan. gmdogar356@gmail.com","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I174731842"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073631418","display_name":"Mahmood Ahamd","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mahmood Ahamd","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113058435","display_name":"Naveed Akhtar","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Naveed Akhtar","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027566556","display_name":"Muhammad Fawad Rasool","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8607-8583","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8607-8583"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fatima Rasool","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.4399,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":38,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.87188082,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":87,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"22","issue":"3","first_page":"291","last_page":"300"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10920","display_name":"Advanced Drug Delivery Systems","score":0.8095999956130981,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3003","display_name":"Pharmaceutical Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/30","display_name":"Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10920","display_name":"Advanced Drug Delivery Systems","score":0.8095999956130981,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3003","display_name":"Pharmaceutical Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/30","display_name":"Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12048","display_name":"Microencapsulation and Drying Processes","score":0.15649999678134918,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1106","display_name":"Food Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10256","display_name":"Drug Solubulity and Delivery Systems","score":0.030400000512599945,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3003","display_name":"Pharmaceutical Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/30","display_name":"Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/salbutamol-sulfate","display_name":"salbutamol sulphate","score":0.9580000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ethylcellulose","display_name":"ethyl cellulose","score":0.9829999804496765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/microencapsulation","display_name":"microencapsulation","score":0.984000027179718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/coacervation","display_name":"coacervation","score":0.8809999823570251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/solvent-evaporation","display_name":"solvent evaporation","score":0.9940000176429749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/polymer-viscosity","display_name":"polymer viscosity","score":0.9789999723434448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/in-vitro-drug-release","display_name":"in vitro drug release","score":0.8389999866485596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/anomalous-diffusion","display_name":"anomalous diffusion","score":0.7820000052452087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/higuchi-kinetics","display_name":"Higuchi model","score":0.8489999771118164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/encapsulation-efficiency","display_name":"encapsulation efficiency","score":0.9210000038146973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sustained-release","display_name":"sustained drug release","score":0.5009999871253967}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C83029808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1154463","display_name":"Coacervate","level":2,"score":0.9335914850234985},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779429693","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q274959","display_name":"Distilled water","level":2,"score":0.6605124473571777},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.5877074003219604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C521977710","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q81163","display_name":"Polymer","level":2,"score":0.5678526163101196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780471494","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q146505","display_name":"Solvent","level":2,"score":0.5615414381027222},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127172972","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128709","display_name":"Viscosity","level":2,"score":0.5435253977775574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C88380143","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q416674","display_name":"Dissolution","level":2,"score":0.5338790416717529},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42360764","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83588","display_name":"Chemical engineering","level":1,"score":0.5023446083068848},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77281830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q718608","display_name":"Dosage form","level":2,"score":0.48541149497032166},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43617362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170050","display_name":"Chromatography","level":1,"score":0.4504106044769287},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.34931832551956177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178790620","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11351","display_name":"Organic chemistry","level":1,"score":0.15059348940849304},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.14119940996170044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000420","descriptor_name":"Albuterol","qualifier_ui":"Q000008","qualifier_name":"administration & dosage","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000420","descriptor_name":"Albuterol","qualifier_ui":"Q000737","qualifier_name":"chemistry","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001993","descriptor_name":"Bronchodilator Agents","qualifier_ui":"Q000008","qualifier_name":"administration & dosage","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001993","descriptor_name":"Bronchodilator Agents","qualifier_ui":"Q000737","qualifier_name":"chemistry","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D002152","descriptor_name":"Calorimetry, Differential Scanning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002214","descriptor_name":"Capsules","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002482","descriptor_name":"Cellulose","qualifier_ui":"Q000031","qualifier_name":"analogs & derivatives","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D002482","descriptor_name":"Cellulose","qualifier_ui":"Q000737","qualifier_name":"chemistry","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002626","descriptor_name":"Chemistry, Pharmaceutical","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003692","descriptor_name":"Delayed-Action Preparations","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004339","descriptor_name":"Drug Compounding","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004355","descriptor_name":"Drug Stability","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005079","descriptor_name":"Excipients","qualifier_ui":"Q000737","qualifier_name":"chemistry","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D007700","descriptor_name":"Kinetics","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008855","descriptor_name":"Microscopy, Electron, Scanning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012995","descriptor_name":"Solubility","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012997","descriptor_name":"Solvents","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013056","descriptor_name":"Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014783","descriptor_name":"Viscosity","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014961","descriptor_name":"X-Ray Diffraction","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D017550","descriptor_name":"Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"pmid:19553177","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19553177","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Pakistan journal of pharmaceutical sciences","raw_type":"Comparative Study"},{"id":"mag:2159682033","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19553177","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"PubMed","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.6240000128746033}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":19,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1555994455","https://openalex.org/W1566408227","https://openalex.org/W1977072597","https://openalex.org/W1984725651","https://openalex.org/W2029714907","https://openalex.org/W2030328211","https://openalex.org/W2046307404","https://openalex.org/W2049367561","https://openalex.org/W2062246286","https://openalex.org/W2072406488","https://openalex.org/W2086130473","https://openalex.org/W2090195146","https://openalex.org/W2090987586","https://openalex.org/W2094015666","https://openalex.org/W2101303917","https://openalex.org/W2106461166","https://openalex.org/W2149404802","https://openalex.org/W2165590829","https://openalex.org/W2404647845"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2094015666","https://openalex.org/W2120487626","https://openalex.org/W2240621418","https://openalex.org/W7099437841","https://openalex.org/W2155768264","https://openalex.org/W2331285289","https://openalex.org/W1644463378","https://openalex.org/W2090987586","https://openalex.org/W2045766266","https://openalex.org/W2414069279"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"It":[0],"is":[1],"a":[2],"comparative":[3],"study":[4],"of":[5,29,38,117,127,141,186],"salbutamol":[6,30,187],"sulphate-ethylcellulose":[7],"microcapsules":[8,39,68,118],"prepared":[9],"by":[10,25],"three":[11],"different":[12],"microencapsulation":[13],"techniques":[14],"i.e.":[15],"coacervation":[16,22,172],"thermal":[17,136,173],"change,":[18],"solvent":[19],"evaporation":[20],"and":[21,72,88,130,135,148,161],"non-solvent":[23],"addition":[24],"adjusting":[26],"the":[27,97,122,125,139,155],"ratio":[28],"sulphate":[31,188],"to":[32,81,86,165,179],"ethylcellulose.":[33,128],"In":[34],"vitro":[35],"release":[36,99,152],"profiles":[37],"were":[40,69],"studied":[41],"using":[42],"USP":[43],"XXIV":[44],"dissolution":[45],"apparatus-I":[46],"in":[47,74,96,107,114,124,194],"450":[48],"ml":[49],"double":[50],"distilled":[51],"water":[52],"maintained":[53],"at":[54,58,190],"37":[55],"degrees":[56],"C":[57],"50":[59],"rpm.":[60],"Scanning":[61],"electron":[62],"microscopic":[63],"results":[64,170],"indicated":[65],"that":[66],"all":[67,102,154],"aggregated,":[70],"whitish":[71],"irregular":[73],"shape":[75],"with":[76,121],"good":[77],"entrapment":[78],"efficiency":[79],"(86.34":[80],"97.83),":[82],"production":[83],"yield":[84],"(87.91+/-1.34":[85],"98.33+/-1.37)":[87],"flow":[89],"properties.":[90],"Initial":[91],"burst":[92],"effect":[93],"was":[94,119,162],"observed":[95,120],"drug":[98,109,151],"behavior":[100],"from":[101,153],"microcapsules.":[103],"A":[104],"slight":[105],"increase":[106,113,123],"actual":[108],"loading":[110],"but":[111],"profound":[112],"mean":[115],"diameter":[116],"viscosity":[126],"UV":[129],"FTIR":[131],"spectroscopy,":[132],"x-ray":[133],"diffractometry":[134],"analysis":[137],"verified":[138],"absence":[140],"any":[142],"strong":[143],"chemical":[144],"interaction":[145],"between":[146],"drugs":[147],"polymer.":[149],"The":[150,169],"formulations":[156],"followed":[157],"anomalous":[158],"diffusion":[159],"mechanism":[160],"best":[163],"fit":[164],"Higuchi's":[166],"kinetic":[167],"model.":[168],"suggest":[171],"change":[174],"as":[175],"an":[176],"appropriate":[177],"approach":[178],"develop":[180],"slow-release":[181],"multi-unit":[182],"oral":[183],"dosage":[184],"form":[185],"suggesting":[189],"least":[191],"twice":[192],"administration":[193],"every":[195],"24":[196],"hours.":[197]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":7}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
