{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2159642095","doi":"https://doi.org/10.7916/d8028zdq","title":"Fresh Starts: School Form and Student Outcomes","display_name":"Fresh Starts: School Form and Student Outcomes","publication_year":2004,"publication_date":"2004-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2159642095","doi":"https://doi.org/10.7916/d8028zdq","mag":"2159642095"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"mag:2159642095","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://academiccommons.columbia.edu/doi/10.7916/D8028ZDQ","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.7916/d8028zdq","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103431536","display_name":"Christopher C. Weiss","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0931-8966","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0931-8966"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I78577930","display_name":"Columbia University","ror":"https://ror.org/00hj8s172","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I78577930"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Weiss, Christopher Charles","raw_affiliation_strings":["Columbia University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Columbia University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78577930"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031147313","display_name":"Peter Bearman","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3745-3164","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3745-3164"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bearman, Peter Shawn","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.36427955,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10674","display_name":"School Choice and Performance","score":0.8169000148773193,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10674","display_name":"School Choice and Performance","score":0.8169000148773193,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12950","display_name":"Educational Environments and Student Outcomes","score":0.12240000069141388,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10589","display_name":"Early Childhood Education and Development","score":0.011500000022351742,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/school-form","display_name":"school form","score":0.8230000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/junior-high-school","display_name":"junior high school","score":0.9829999804496765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/school-structure","display_name":"school structure","score":0.5009999871253967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/student-outcomes","display_name":"student outcomes","score":0.7379999756813049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/educational-outcomes","display_name":"educational outcomes","score":0.8769999742507935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/non-academic-outcomes","display_name":"non-academic outcomes","score":0.9070000052452087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adolescents","display_name":"adolescents","score":0.6660000085830688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/education-policy","display_name":"education policy","score":0.546999990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/history-of-schooling","display_name":"history of schooling","score":0.5979999899864197}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201717286","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q938185","display_name":"Rationality","level":2,"score":0.590161144733429},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778572836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q380933","display_name":"Space (punctuation)","level":2,"score":0.522846519947052},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145420912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q853077","display_name":"Mathematics education","level":1,"score":0.4951843321323395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.48027896881103516},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18762648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42213","display_name":"Work (physics)","level":2,"score":0.4746192991733551},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778136243","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2248822","display_name":"School choice","level":2,"score":0.4627959728240967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28719098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44946","display_name":"Point (geometry)","level":2,"score":0.43201589584350586},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19417346","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7922","display_name":"Pedagogy","level":1,"score":0.3243309259414673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.30860579013824463},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.3065311312675476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.14386823773384094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.13803580403327942},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"mag:2159642095","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://academiccommons.columbia.edu/doi/10.7916/D8028ZDQ","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null},{"id":"doi:10.7916/d8028zdq","doi":"https://doi.org/10.7916/d8028zdq","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.7916/d8028zdq","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402601","display_name":"Columbia Academic Commons (Columbia University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I78577930","host_organization_name":"Columbia University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I78577930"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article-journal"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.7916/d8028zdq","doi":"https://doi.org/10.7916/d8028zdq","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.7916/d8028zdq","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402601","display_name":"Columbia Academic Commons (Columbia University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I78577930","host_organization_name":"Columbia University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I78577930"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article-journal"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","display_name":"Quality education","score":0.9235000014305115}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":40,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W565319145","https://openalex.org/W652528490","https://openalex.org/W1582464037","https://openalex.org/W1840125486","https://openalex.org/W1965473912","https://openalex.org/W1973982964","https://openalex.org/W1982112687","https://openalex.org/W1989807012","https://openalex.org/W1993757121","https://openalex.org/W2000548691","https://openalex.org/W2006577843","https://openalex.org/W2017039321","https://openalex.org/W2022242136","https://openalex.org/W2034132873","https://openalex.org/W2042894795","https://openalex.org/W2052731616","https://openalex.org/W2054629294","https://openalex.org/W2058524019","https://openalex.org/W2062167659","https://openalex.org/W2070138550","https://openalex.org/W2074322631","https://openalex.org/W2084384853","https://openalex.org/W2094878891","https://openalex.org/W2106871451","https://openalex.org/W2109424763","https://openalex.org/W2112815699","https://openalex.org/W2128821661","https://openalex.org/W2145946706","https://openalex.org/W2146905387","https://openalex.org/W2156396199","https://openalex.org/W2162542540","https://openalex.org/W2163827588","https://openalex.org/W2165837652","https://openalex.org/W2168223686","https://openalex.org/W2170019284","https://openalex.org/W2170205448","https://openalex.org/W2729784151","https://openalex.org/W2732650205","https://openalex.org/W2918270351","https://openalex.org/W2977643387"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2111249153","https://openalex.org/W7101216167","https://openalex.org/W2164084363","https://openalex.org/W1481322503","https://openalex.org/W258834775","https://openalex.org/W2339107118","https://openalex.org/W2512375502","https://openalex.org/W7008022323","https://openalex.org/W1870174363","https://openalex.org/W2183113272"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Seemingly":[0],"endless":[1],"tinkering":[2],"and":[3,72,99,123,164],"adjustment":[4],"of":[5,8,23,38,44,70,85,128],"the":[6,11,15,21,31,35,41,47,57,68,106,126,147,156],"structure":[7,105,150],"education":[9],"in":[10,137],"United":[12],"States":[13],"over":[14],"past":[16],"century":[17],"has":[18,76],"led":[19],"to":[20,110,125,135],"adoption":[22],"different":[24,28],"school":[25,33,49,79,103,129,149,153],"forms":[26,80],"at":[27],"times.":[29],"Currently":[30],"middle":[32,42,48],"is":[34,50,155],"dominant":[36],"form":[37,54],"schooling":[39,65],"for":[40,82,96,131,151],"years":[43],"education;":[45],"however,":[46],"a":[51],"relatively":[52],"new":[53],"that":[55,95,158],"replaced":[56,63],"junior":[58],"high":[59],"school,":[60],"which":[61],"itself":[62],"previous":[64],"forms.":[66],"Despite":[67],"rhetoric":[69],"policymakers":[71],"practitioners,":[73],"little":[74],"research":[75],"considered":[77],"what":[78,83,88],"work":[81],"kinds":[84],"adolescents":[86,136],"across":[87],"dimensions.":[89],"In":[90],"this":[91],"article,":[92],"we":[93],"show":[94],"both":[97],"academic":[98],"non-academic":[100],"outcomes,":[101],"how":[102],"systems":[104],"transition":[107],"from":[108],"8th":[109],"9th":[111],"grade":[112],"makes":[113],"almost":[114],"no":[115],"difference.":[116],"Where":[117],"differences":[118],"appear,":[119],"they":[120],"are":[121,144],"small":[122],"point":[124],"benefits":[127],"transitions":[130],"providing":[132],"fresh":[133],"starts":[134],"socially":[138],"difficult":[139],"situations.":[140],"The":[141],"policy":[142],"implications":[143],"correspondingly":[145],"clear:":[146],"optimal":[148],"any":[152],"district":[154],"one":[157],"maximizes":[159],"building":[160],"space,":[161],"reduces":[162],"crowding,":[163],"achieves":[165],"administrative":[166],"rationality.":[167]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-08-27T14:10:00.468798","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}