{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2159464029","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1377/hlthaff.17.1.35","title":"National Health Spending Trends In 1996","display_name":"National Health Spending Trends In 1996","publication_year":1998,"publication_date":"1998-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2159464029","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1377/hlthaff.17.1.35","mag":"2159464029","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9455013"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1377/hlthaff.17.1.35","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1377/hlthaff.17.1.35","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1377/hlthaff.17.1.35","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210185023","display_name":"Health Affairs","issn_l":"0278-2715","issn":["0278-2715","1544-5208","2694-233X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","dongbi-a","doyens","fnege-2","jufo-2","medline","norway-1","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315983","host_organization_name":"Project HOPE","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315983"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Project HOPE"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Health Affairs","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013913061","display_name":"Katharine R. Levit","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Katharine R. Levit","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046335102","display_name":"Helen C. Lazenby","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Helen C. Lazenby","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042046749","display_name":"Bradley R. Braden","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bradley R. Braden","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090436807","display_name":"the National Health Accounts Team","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"the National Health Accounts Team","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":79.6715,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":104,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99952821,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":93},"biblio":{"volume":"17","issue":"1","first_page":"35","last_page":"51"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10391","display_name":"Healthcare Policy and Management","score":0.9707000255584717,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10391","display_name":"Healthcare Policy and Management","score":0.9707000255584717,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12781","display_name":"Global Health Care Issues","score":0.024700000882148743,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11531","display_name":"Healthcare Systems and Reforms","score":0.003700000001117587,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/healthcare-spending","display_name":"health care spending","score":0.8989999890327454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/health-care-spending-growth","display_name":"health care spending growth","score":0.6830000281333923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/national-health-accounts","display_name":"National Health Accounts","score":0.8119999766349792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/health-insurance-premiums","display_name":"health insurance premiums","score":0.8130000233650208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/health-care-financing","display_name":"health care financing","score":0.5730000138282776}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160735492","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q31207","display_name":"Health care","level":2,"score":0.6242671012878418},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.4946562945842743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47344431","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1519812","display_name":"Health policy","level":3,"score":0.43609851598739624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2994140446","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q31207","display_name":"Health spending","level":4,"score":0.43278712034225464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780265253","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1416012","display_name":"Managed care","level":3,"score":0.4187777042388916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162118730","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1128453","display_name":"Actuarial science","level":1,"score":0.3266797661781311},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.30054765939712524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50522688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189833","display_name":"Economic growth","level":1,"score":0.282324880361557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2983635472","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q334911","display_name":"Health insurance","level":3,"score":0.2599879801273346}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D003625","descriptor_name":"Data Collection","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005102","descriptor_name":"Health Expenditures","qualifier_ui":"Q000639","qualifier_name":"trends","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005249","descriptor_name":"Fees and Charges","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007348","descriptor_name":"Insurance, Health","qualifier_ui":"Q000191","qualifier_name":"economics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008483","descriptor_name":"Medical Assistance","qualifier_ui":"Q000191","qualifier_name":"economics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010548","descriptor_name":"Personal Health Services","qualifier_ui":"Q000191","qualifier_name":"economics","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D014481","descriptor_name":"United States","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1377/hlthaff.17.1.35","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1377/hlthaff.17.1.35","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1377/hlthaff.17.1.35","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210185023","display_name":"Health Affairs","issn_l":"0278-2715","issn":["0278-2715","1544-5208","2694-233X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","dongbi-a","doyens","fnege-2","jufo-2","medline","norway-1","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315983","host_organization_name":"Project HOPE","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315983"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Project HOPE"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Health Affairs","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:9455013","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9455013","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Health affairs (Project Hope)","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:repository.library.georgetown.edu:10822/910975","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10822/910975","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402467","display_name":"DigitalGeorgetown (Georgetown University Library)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210145449","host_organization_name":"Center for Security and Emerging Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210145449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"eweb:185906","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":11,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W249430287","https://openalex.org/W327159068","https://openalex.org/W1906760759","https://openalex.org/W1996117644","https://openalex.org/W2016884721","https://openalex.org/W2047805412","https://openalex.org/W2130576289","https://openalex.org/W2765082168","https://openalex.org/W2766061105","https://openalex.org/W2766237711","https://openalex.org/W2910516512"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2160904046","https://openalex.org/W1996320725","https://openalex.org/W7036984365","https://openalex.org/W2130576289","https://openalex.org/W82376607","https://openalex.org/W2076104146","https://openalex.org/W2181079700","https://openalex.org/W3010268726","https://openalex.org/W2948422767","https://openalex.org/W4389980447"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"PROLOGUE:":[0],"Spending":[1,301],"for":[2,29,153,281,286,305,352],"personal":[3],"health":[4,33,66,100,253,287,323,331,340],"care":[5,60,254,288,324],"services":[6,232],"in":[7,37,256,318],"the":[8,30,38,56,63,105,130,146,172,183,189,196,202,211,217,231,247,259,270,277,290,306,314,346,353],"United":[9],"States":[10],"remains":[11],"far":[12],"higher":[13],"than":[14],"that":[15,99,111,293],"of":[16,50,58,65,162,182,188,195,219,228,230,236,242,252,276,283,321,329,345],"any":[17],"other":[18,131],"industrialized":[19],"country.":[20],"(See":[21],"Health":[22,175,185,190,204,213,224,265,271],"Affairs":[23],",":[24],"November/December":[25],"1997,":[26],"page":[27],"163,":[28],"latest":[31],"international":[32],"expenditure":[34,310],"estimates.)":[35],"Nevertheless,":[36],"past":[39],"five":[40],"years":[41,320],"spending":[42,164,285,332,341],"increases":[43],"have":[44,97,137],"slowed":[45,312],"dramatically,":[46],"as":[47,167,342],"a":[48,72,84,180,334,343],"result":[49],"low":[51],"general":[52],"and":[53,62,134,149,155,207,234,238,289,309,333],"medical-specific":[54],"inflation,":[55],"growth":[57,311],"managed":[59],"enrollment,":[61],"capacity":[64],"plans":[67],"to":[68,116,123,140,258,313],"negotiate":[69],"discounts":[70],"from":[71],"provider":[73],"system":[74],"weakened":[75],"by":[76,171,269],"overcapacity.":[77],"Of":[78],"course,":[79],"analysts":[80],"are":[81,103,169,226],"already":[82],"asking":[83],"leading":[85],"question:":[86],"How":[87],"long":[88],"will":[89],"this":[90,141],"welcome":[91],"trend":[92],"last?":[93],"Recent":[94],"media":[95],"reports":[96],"headlined":[98],"insurance":[101],"premiums":[102],"on":[104,210],"rise":[106],"because":[107],"plans,":[108],"particularly":[109],"those":[110],"must":[112],"deliver":[113],"profitable":[114],"results":[115],"Wall":[117],"Street,":[118],"can":[119],"no":[120],"longer":[121],"afford":[122],"operate":[124],"without":[125],"larger":[126],"premium":[127,143],"increases.":[128],"On":[129],"hand,":[132],"private":[133],"public":[135],"purchasers":[136],"become":[138,157],"accustomed":[139],"steady":[142],"state.":[144],"Now":[145],"competitive":[147],"marketplace":[148],"its":[150],"potential":[151],"implications":[152],"access":[154],"coverage":[156],"more":[158],"interesting.":[159],"The":[160,222,263,327],"estimates":[161,280,297],"1996":[163],"were":[165],"prepared,":[166],"they":[168,245],"annually,":[170],"twelve-person":[173],"National":[174,184,203,212,223,264],"Accounts":[176,214,225],"team,":[177],"which":[178],"is":[179],"part":[181],"Statistics":[186,205],"Group":[187],"Care":[191,272],"Financing":[192,273],"Administration's":[193,274],"Office":[194,275],"Actuary.":[197],"Katharine":[198],"Levit,":[199],"who":[200],"directs":[201],"Group,":[206],"her":[208],"colleagues":[209],"Team":[215],"provided":[216],"analysis":[218],"these":[220],"estimates.":[221],"composed":[227],"all":[229],"rendered":[233],"sources":[235,291],"funding\u2014private":[237],"public\u2014for":[239],"each":[240],"type":[241],"service.":[243],"Thus,":[244],"represent":[246],"most":[248],"comprehensive":[249],"snapshot":[250],"available":[251],"expenditures":[255],"relation":[257],"national":[260,339],"economy.":[261],"ABSTRACT:":[262],"Accounts,":[266],"produced":[267],"annually":[268],"Actuary,":[278],"present":[279],"1960\u20131996":[282],"nationwide":[284],"funding":[292],"care.":[294],"This":[295],"year's":[296],"set":[298],"two":[299],"records:":[300],"topped":[302],"$1":[303],"trillion":[304],"first":[307],"time,":[308],"lowest":[315],"rate":[316],"seen":[317],"thirty-seven":[319],"measuring":[322],"spending\u20144.4":[325],"percent.":[326],"combination":[328],"decelerating":[330],"growing":[335],"economy":[336],"has":[337],"kept":[338],"share":[344],"nation's":[347],"gross":[348],"domestic":[349],"product":[350],"unchanged":[351],"fourth":[354],"consecutive":[355],"year.":[356]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
