{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2159447958","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1086/596039","title":"Juvenile Jails: A Path to the Straight and Narrow or to Hardened Criminality?","display_name":"Juvenile Jails: A Path to the Straight and Narrow or to Hardened Criminality?","publication_year":2009,"publication_date":"2009-11-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2159447958","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1086/596039","mag":"2159447958"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1086/596039","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1086/596039","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1086/596039","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S998097505","display_name":"The Journal of Law and Economics","issn_l":"0022-2186","issn":["0022-2186","1537-5285"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a-star","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","fnege-2","jufo-2","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315672","host_organization_name":"University of Chicago Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315672","https://openalex.org/P4310315690"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["University of Chicago Press","University of Chicago"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Journal of Law and Economics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019219769","display_name":"Randi Hjalmarsson","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3512-8325","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3512-8325"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I66946132","display_name":"University of Maryland, College Park","ror":"https://ror.org/047s2c258","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I66946132"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Randi Hjalmarsson","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Maryland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Maryland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I66946132"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5019219769"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I66946132"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":22.7334,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":106,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99209572,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"52","issue":"4","first_page":"779","last_page":"809"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10318","display_name":"Criminal Justice and Corrections Analysis","score":0.9359999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10318","display_name":"Criminal Justice and Corrections Analysis","score":0.9359999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12736","display_name":"Criminal Justice and Penology","score":0.030799999833106995,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3308","display_name":"Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10574","display_name":"Crime Patterns and Interventions","score":0.01860000006854534,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/juvenile-detention","display_name":"juvenile detention","score":0.8809999823570251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/juvenile-justice","display_name":"juvenile justice","score":0.7260000109672546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deterrence","display_name":"deterrence","score":0.6359999775886536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/recidivism","display_name":"recidivism","score":0.7770000100135803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transfer-to-adult-court","display_name":"transfer to adult court","score":0.5770000219345093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/washington-state","display_name":"Washington State","score":0.8460000157356262}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961737","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1516282","display_name":"Juvenile","level":2,"score":0.7556993365287781},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779295839","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3544090","display_name":"Punishment (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.7273969650268555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73484699","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161733","display_name":"Criminology","level":1,"score":0.7175332903862},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C83645499","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q285466","display_name":"Punitive damages","level":2,"score":0.7071837186813354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71376074","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1001125","display_name":"Juvenile delinquency","level":2,"score":0.659365713596344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139621336","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3190382","display_name":"Economic Justice","level":2,"score":0.6221829652786255},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C64357122","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1149766","display_name":"Causality (physics)","level":2,"score":0.4971320927143097},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777351106","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q49371","display_name":"Legislation","level":2,"score":0.47861307859420776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C102587632","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q117488","display_name":"Criminal justice","level":2,"score":0.4485998749732971},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.43230047821998596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777711708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q468501","display_name":"Juvenile court","level":3,"score":0.4233127534389496},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.3957741856575012},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.2881428599357605},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.19592726230621338},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.07220277190208435},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.06542229652404785},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1086/596039","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1086/596039","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1086/596039","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S998097505","display_name":"The Journal of Law and Economics","issn_l":"0022-2186","issn":["0022-2186","1537-5285"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a-star","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","fnege-2","jufo-2","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315672","host_organization_name":"University of Chicago Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315672","https://openalex.org/P4310315690"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["University of Chicago Press","University of Chicago"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Journal of Law and Economics","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:chicagounbound.uchicago.edu:jle-2261","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://chicagounbound.uchicago.edu/jle/vol52/iss4/8","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407064349","display_name":"bepress Legal Repository","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Law and Economics","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.9595999717712402}],"study_designs":[{"display_name":"Observational Study","id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":55,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W126162941","https://openalex.org/W157449371","https://openalex.org/W204868184","https://openalex.org/W1485348453","https://openalex.org/W1493640841","https://openalex.org/W1504761314","https://openalex.org/W1517923124","https://openalex.org/W1529795544","https://openalex.org/W1977672421","https://openalex.org/W1980234582","https://openalex.org/W1984009620","https://openalex.org/W1994178254","https://openalex.org/W2002694441","https://openalex.org/W2008128382","https://openalex.org/W2030408140","https://openalex.org/W2044553587","https://openalex.org/W2055474347","https://openalex.org/W2072507773","https://openalex.org/W2073400581","https://openalex.org/W2077583833","https://openalex.org/W2091519761","https://openalex.org/W2092593875","https://openalex.org/W2100930256","https://openalex.org/W2102508378","https://openalex.org/W2105263525","https://openalex.org/W2121787611","https://openalex.org/W2124413022","https://openalex.org/W2137174467","https://openalex.org/W2137469835","https://openalex.org/W2138224665","https://openalex.org/W2141019942","https://openalex.org/W2158520294","https://openalex.org/W2159662613","https://openalex.org/W2162543062","https://openalex.org/W2163670060","https://openalex.org/W2168412811","https://openalex.org/W2189821821","https://openalex.org/W2271297166","https://openalex.org/W2281934802","https://openalex.org/W2308051686","https://openalex.org/W2402554802","https://openalex.org/W2460285049","https://openalex.org/W2554927321","https://openalex.org/W2730468193","https://openalex.org/W2796426053","https://openalex.org/W2797543026","https://openalex.org/W2890920974","https://openalex.org/W2891943110","https://openalex.org/W3100522150","https://openalex.org/W3124153030","https://openalex.org/W3125150595","https://openalex.org/W3141826150","https://openalex.org/W3145284867","https://openalex.org/W3198034713","https://openalex.org/W4240884942"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2331847273","https://openalex.org/W2108224017","https://openalex.org/W644836187","https://openalex.org/W2101069280","https://openalex.org/W2441606507","https://openalex.org/W2091677921","https://openalex.org/W2118051501","https://openalex.org/W2343722355","https://openalex.org/W2281934802","https://openalex.org/W7098561238"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Juvenile":[0],"justice":[1,76],"systems":[2],"throughout":[3],"the":[4,12,26,62,71,75,109,114],"United":[5],"States":[6],"have":[7,16,126],"become":[8],"increasingly":[9],"punitive":[10],"since":[11],"1970s.":[13],"Most":[14],"states":[15],"passed":[17],"legislation":[18],"making":[19],"it":[20],"easier":[21],"to":[22,25,81,107,129],"transfer":[23],"juveniles":[24],"criminal":[27,116],"courts.":[28],"Supporters":[29],"of":[30,65,74,111,118,132],"this":[31],"\u201cget":[32],"tough\u201d":[33],"movement":[34],"argue,":[35],"in":[36,43,97,101],"part,":[37],"that":[38,57,99,123],"juvenile":[39,104],"courts":[40],"are":[41],"ineffective":[42],"deterring":[44],"young":[45],"offenders.":[46],"This":[47,67,135],"claim,":[48],"however,":[49],"is":[50,88,138],"based":[51],"primarily":[52],"on":[53,95,113],"poorly":[54],"designed":[55],"evaluations":[56],"do":[58],"not":[59,89],"account":[60],"for":[61,141],"nonrandom":[63],"nature":[64],"sentencing.":[66],"paper":[68],"demonstrates":[69],"how":[70],"institutional":[72],"features":[73],"system":[77],"can":[78],"be":[79,130],"exploited":[80],"identify":[82,108],"causality":[83],"when":[84],"true":[85],"random":[86],"assignment":[87],"feasible.":[90],"In":[91],"particular,":[92],"I":[93],"capitalize":[94],"discontinuities":[96],"punishment":[98],"arise":[100],"Washington":[102],"State\u2019s":[103],"sentencing":[105],"guidelines":[106],"effect":[110,137],"incarceration":[112],"postrelease":[115],"behavior":[117],"juveniles.":[119],"The":[120],"results":[121],"indicate":[122],"incarcerated":[124],"individuals":[125],"lower":[127],"propensities":[128],"reconvicted":[131],"a":[133],"crime.":[134],"deterrent":[136],"also":[139],"observed":[140],"older,":[142],"criminally":[143],"experienced,":[144],"and/or":[145],"violent":[146],"youths.":[147]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-10-14T16:39:01.820549","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}