{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2159423248","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1936192100","title":"Channelrhodopsin-2, a directly light-gated cation-selective membrane channel","display_name":"Channelrhodopsin-2, a directly light-gated cation-selective membrane channel","publication_year":2003,"publication_date":"2003-11-13","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2159423248","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1936192100","mag":"2159423248","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14615590"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1073/pnas.1936192100","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1936192100","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S125754415","display_name":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences","issn_l":"0027-8424","issn":["0027-8424","1091-6490"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doyens","erih-plus","jufo-3","ki-jl-3","medline","norway-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320052","host_organization_name":"National Academy of Sciences","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320052"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["National Academy of Sciences"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/283525","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003921354","display_name":"Georg Nagel","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8174-8712","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8174-8712"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I114090438","display_name":"Goethe University Frankfurt","ror":"https://ror.org/04cvxnb49","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114090438"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210124035","display_name":"Max Planck Institute of Biophysics","ror":"https://ror.org/02panr271","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149899117","https://openalex.org/I4210124035"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I60668342","display_name":"University of Regensburg","ror":"https://ror.org/01eezs655","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I60668342"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Georg Nagel","raw_affiliation_strings":["Max-Planck-Institut f\u00fcr Biophysik, Marie-Curie-Strasse 15, 60439 Frankfurt, Germany; Institut f\u00fcr Biochemie, Universit\u00e4t Regensburg; Universit\u00e4tsstrasse 31, 93040 Regensburg, Germany; and Institut f\u00fcr Biophysikalische Chemie, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universit\u00e4t, Biozentrum, D-60439 Frankfurt, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Max-Planck-Institut f\u00fcr Biophysik, Marie-Curie-Strasse 15, 60439 Frankfurt, Germany; Institut f\u00fcr Biochemie, Universit\u00e4t Regensburg; Universit\u00e4tsstrasse 31, 93040 Regensburg, Germany; and Institut f\u00fcr Biophysikalische Chemie, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universit\u00e4t, Biozentrum, D-60439 Frankfurt, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114090438","https://openalex.org/I4210124035","https://openalex.org/I60668342"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056559871","display_name":"Tanjef Szellas","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I114090438","display_name":"Goethe University Frankfurt","ror":"https://ror.org/04cvxnb49","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114090438"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210124035","display_name":"Max Planck Institute of Biophysics","ror":"https://ror.org/02panr271","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149899117","https://openalex.org/I4210124035"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I60668342","display_name":"University of Regensburg","ror":"https://ror.org/01eezs655","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I60668342"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tanjef Szellas","raw_affiliation_strings":["Max-Planck-Institut f\u00fcr Biophysik, Marie-Curie-Strasse 15, 60439 Frankfurt, Germany; Institut f\u00fcr Biochemie, Universit\u00e4t Regensburg; Universit\u00e4tsstrasse 31, 93040 Regensburg, Germany; and Institut f\u00fcr Biophysikalische Chemie, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universit\u00e4t, Biozentrum, D-60439 Frankfurt, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Max-Planck-Institut f\u00fcr Biophysik, Marie-Curie-Strasse 15, 60439 Frankfurt, Germany; Institut f\u00fcr Biochemie, Universit\u00e4t Regensburg; Universit\u00e4tsstrasse 31, 93040 Regensburg, Germany; and Institut f\u00fcr Biophysikalische Chemie, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universit\u00e4t, Biozentrum, D-60439 Frankfurt, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114090438","https://openalex.org/I4210124035","https://openalex.org/I60668342"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090114172","display_name":"Wolfram Huhn","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I114090438","display_name":"Goethe University Frankfurt","ror":"https://ror.org/04cvxnb49","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114090438"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210124035","display_name":"Max Planck Institute of Biophysics","ror":"https://ror.org/02panr271","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149899117","https://openalex.org/I4210124035"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I60668342","display_name":"University of Regensburg","ror":"https://ror.org/01eezs655","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I60668342"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wolfram Huhn","raw_affiliation_strings":["Max-Planck-Institut f\u00fcr Biophysik, Marie-Curie-Strasse 15, 60439 Frankfurt, Germany; Institut f\u00fcr Biochemie, Universit\u00e4t Regensburg; Universit\u00e4tsstrasse 31, 93040 Regensburg, Germany; and Institut f\u00fcr Biophysikalische Chemie, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universit\u00e4t, Biozentrum, D-60439 Frankfurt, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Max-Planck-Institut f\u00fcr Biophysik, Marie-Curie-Strasse 15, 60439 Frankfurt, Germany; Institut f\u00fcr Biochemie, Universit\u00e4t Regensburg; Universit\u00e4tsstrasse 31, 93040 Regensburg, Germany; and Institut f\u00fcr Biophysikalische Chemie, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universit\u00e4t, Biozentrum, D-60439 Frankfurt, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114090438","https://openalex.org/I4210124035","https://openalex.org/I60668342"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086859980","display_name":"Suneel Kateriya","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5428-4297","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5428-4297"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I114090438","display_name":"Goethe University Frankfurt","ror":"https://ror.org/04cvxnb49","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114090438"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210124035","display_name":"Max Planck Institute of Biophysics","ror":"https://ror.org/02panr271","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149899117","https://openalex.org/I4210124035"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I60668342","display_name":"University of Regensburg","ror":"https://ror.org/01eezs655","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I60668342"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Suneel Kateriya","raw_affiliation_strings":["Max-Planck-Institut f\u00fcr Biophysik, Marie-Curie-Strasse 15, 60439 Frankfurt, Germany; Institut f\u00fcr Biochemie, Universit\u00e4t Regensburg; Universit\u00e4tsstrasse 31, 93040 Regensburg, Germany; and Institut f\u00fcr Biophysikalische Chemie, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universit\u00e4t, Biozentrum, D-60439 Frankfurt, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Max-Planck-Institut f\u00fcr Biophysik, Marie-Curie-Strasse 15, 60439 Frankfurt, Germany; Institut f\u00fcr Biochemie, Universit\u00e4t Regensburg; Universit\u00e4tsstrasse 31, 93040 Regensburg, Germany; and Institut f\u00fcr Biophysikalische Chemie, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universit\u00e4t, Biozentrum, D-60439 Frankfurt, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114090438","https://openalex.org/I4210124035","https://openalex.org/I60668342"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009754500","display_name":"Nona Adeishvili","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I114090438","display_name":"Goethe University Frankfurt","ror":"https://ror.org/04cvxnb49","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114090438"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210124035","display_name":"Max Planck Institute of Biophysics","ror":"https://ror.org/02panr271","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149899117","https://openalex.org/I4210124035"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I60668342","display_name":"University of Regensburg","ror":"https://ror.org/01eezs655","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I60668342"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nona Adeishvili","raw_affiliation_strings":["Max-Planck-Institut f\u00fcr Biophysik, Marie-Curie-Strasse 15, 60439 Frankfurt, Germany; Institut f\u00fcr Biochemie, Universit\u00e4t Regensburg; Universit\u00e4tsstrasse 31, 93040 Regensburg, Germany; and Institut f\u00fcr Biophysikalische Chemie, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universit\u00e4t, Biozentrum, D-60439 Frankfurt, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Max-Planck-Institut f\u00fcr Biophysik, Marie-Curie-Strasse 15, 60439 Frankfurt, Germany; Institut f\u00fcr Biochemie, Universit\u00e4t Regensburg; Universit\u00e4tsstrasse 31, 93040 Regensburg, Germany; and Institut f\u00fcr Biophysikalische Chemie, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universit\u00e4t, Biozentrum, D-60439 Frankfurt, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114090438","https://openalex.org/I4210124035","https://openalex.org/I60668342"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001813825","display_name":"Peter R. Berthold","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I114090438","display_name":"Goethe University Frankfurt","ror":"https://ror.org/04cvxnb49","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114090438"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210124035","display_name":"Max Planck Institute of Biophysics","ror":"https://ror.org/02panr271","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149899117","https://openalex.org/I4210124035"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I60668342","display_name":"University of Regensburg","ror":"https://ror.org/01eezs655","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I60668342"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Peter Berthold","raw_affiliation_strings":["Max-Planck-Institut f\u00fcr Biophysik, Marie-Curie-Strasse 15, 60439 Frankfurt, Germany; Institut f\u00fcr Biochemie, Universit\u00e4t Regensburg; Universit\u00e4tsstrasse 31, 93040 Regensburg, Germany; and Institut f\u00fcr Biophysikalische Chemie, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universit\u00e4t, Biozentrum, D-60439 Frankfurt, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Max-Planck-Institut f\u00fcr Biophysik, Marie-Curie-Strasse 15, 60439 Frankfurt, Germany; Institut f\u00fcr Biochemie, Universit\u00e4t Regensburg; Universit\u00e4tsstrasse 31, 93040 Regensburg, Germany; and Institut f\u00fcr Biophysikalische Chemie, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universit\u00e4t, Biozentrum, D-60439 Frankfurt, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114090438","https://openalex.org/I4210124035","https://openalex.org/I60668342"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027184813","display_name":"Doris Ollig","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I114090438","display_name":"Goethe University Frankfurt","ror":"https://ror.org/04cvxnb49","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114090438"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210124035","display_name":"Max Planck Institute of Biophysics","ror":"https://ror.org/02panr271","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149899117","https://openalex.org/I4210124035"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I60668342","display_name":"University of Regensburg","ror":"https://ror.org/01eezs655","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I60668342"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Doris Ollig","raw_affiliation_strings":["Max-Planck-Institut f\u00fcr Biophysik, Marie-Curie-Strasse 15, 60439 Frankfurt, Germany; Institut f\u00fcr Biochemie, Universit\u00e4t Regensburg; Universit\u00e4tsstrasse 31, 93040 Regensburg, Germany; and Institut f\u00fcr Biophysikalische Chemie, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universit\u00e4t, Biozentrum, D-60439 Frankfurt, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Max-Planck-Institut f\u00fcr Biophysik, Marie-Curie-Strasse 15, 60439 Frankfurt, Germany; Institut f\u00fcr Biochemie, Universit\u00e4t Regensburg; Universit\u00e4tsstrasse 31, 93040 Regensburg, Germany; and Institut f\u00fcr Biophysikalische Chemie, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universit\u00e4t, Biozentrum, D-60439 Frankfurt, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114090438","https://openalex.org/I4210124035","https://openalex.org/I60668342"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032787107","display_name":"Peter Hegemann","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3589-6452","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3589-6452"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I114090438","display_name":"Goethe University Frankfurt","ror":"https://ror.org/04cvxnb49","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114090438"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210124035","display_name":"Max Planck Institute of Biophysics","ror":"https://ror.org/02panr271","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149899117","https://openalex.org/I4210124035"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I60668342","display_name":"University of Regensburg","ror":"https://ror.org/01eezs655","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I60668342"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Peter Hegemann","raw_affiliation_strings":["Max-Planck-Institut f\u00fcr Biophysik, Marie-Curie-Strasse 15, 60439 Frankfurt, Germany; Institut f\u00fcr Biochemie, Universit\u00e4t Regensburg; Universit\u00e4tsstrasse 31, 93040 Regensburg, Germany; and Institut f\u00fcr Biophysikalische Chemie, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universit\u00e4t, Biozentrum, D-60439 Frankfurt, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Max-Planck-Institut f\u00fcr Biophysik, Marie-Curie-Strasse 15, 60439 Frankfurt, Germany; Institut f\u00fcr Biochemie, Universit\u00e4t Regensburg; Universit\u00e4tsstrasse 31, 93040 Regensburg, Germany; and Institut f\u00fcr Biophysikalische Chemie, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universit\u00e4t, Biozentrum, D-60439 Frankfurt, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114090438","https://openalex.org/I4210124035","https://openalex.org/I60668342"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090635713","display_name":"Ernst Bamberg","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5411-6207","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5411-6207"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I114090438","display_name":"Goethe University Frankfurt","ror":"https://ror.org/04cvxnb49","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114090438"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210124035","display_name":"Max Planck Institute of Biophysics","ror":"https://ror.org/02panr271","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149899117","https://openalex.org/I4210124035"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I60668342","display_name":"University of Regensburg","ror":"https://ror.org/01eezs655","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I60668342"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ernst Bamberg","raw_affiliation_strings":["Max-Planck-Institut f\u00fcr Biophysik, Marie-Curie-Strasse 15, 60439 Frankfurt, Germany; Institut f\u00fcr Biochemie, Universit\u00e4t Regensburg; Universit\u00e4tsstrasse 31, 93040 Regensburg, Germany; and Institut f\u00fcr Biophysikalische Chemie, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universit\u00e4t, Biozentrum, D-60439 Frankfurt, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Max-Planck-Institut f\u00fcr Biophysik, Marie-Curie-Strasse 15, 60439 Frankfurt, Germany; Institut f\u00fcr Biochemie, Universit\u00e4t Regensburg; Universit\u00e4tsstrasse 31, 93040 Regensburg, Germany; and Institut f\u00fcr Biophysikalische Chemie, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universit\u00e4t, Biozentrum, D-60439 Frankfurt, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114090438","https://openalex.org/I4210124035","https://openalex.org/I60668342"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.4685,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2672,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96200727,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"100","issue":"24","first_page":"13940","last_page":"13945"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12236","display_name":"Photoreceptor and optogenetics research","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2804","display_name":"Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12236","display_name":"Photoreceptor and optogenetics research","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2804","display_name":"Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10493","display_name":"Ion channel regulation and function","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11204","display_name":"Ion Channels and Receptors","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2809","display_name":"Sensory Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chr2","display_name":"channelrhodopsin-2","score":0.9980000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/light-gated-ion-channels","display_name":"light-gated ion channels","score":0.8970000147819519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chlamydomonas-reinhardtii","display_name":"Chlamydomonas reinhardtii","score":0.8999999761581421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channelrhodopsin-1","display_name":"channelrhodopsin-1","score":0.8659999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/proton-channel","display_name":"proton channel","score":0.5979999899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/photocurrent","display_name":"photocurrent","score":0.6389999985694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel-desensitization","display_name":"channel desensitization","score":0.8389999866485596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/membrane-potential","display_name":"membrane potential","score":0.8489999771118164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/photoreception","display_name":"photoreception","score":0.7950000166893005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/membrane-depolarization","display_name":"membrane depolarization","score":0.7229999899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/light-driven-ion-transport","display_name":"light-driven ion transport","score":0.4020000100135803}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777727519","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q291827","display_name":"Chlamydomonas reinhardtii","level":4,"score":0.7601853609085083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12554922","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7100","display_name":"Biophysics","level":1,"score":0.7051041126251221},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50254741","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q62536","display_name":"Ion channel","level":3,"score":0.6287505030632019},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118892022","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7834587","display_name":"Transmembrane domain","level":3,"score":0.5733434557914734},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C181911157","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q389844","display_name":"Membrane potential","level":2,"score":0.5631412267684937},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202033177","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q423107","display_name":"Rhodopsin","level":3,"score":0.5280155539512634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4141045","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83183","display_name":"Depolarization","level":2,"score":0.5057830810546875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.44991421699523926},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99975950","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q911011","display_name":"Ion transporter","level":3,"score":0.4467226266860962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C53465041","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6545938","display_name":"Light-gated ion channel","level":5,"score":0.4329383671283722},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.3582092523574829},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.35125675797462463},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C82617044","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418536","display_name":"Ligand-gated ion channel","level":4,"score":0.34885936975479126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41625074","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176088","display_name":"Membrane","level":2,"score":0.32956069707870483},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C170493617","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208467","display_name":"Receptor","level":2,"score":0.1804773211479187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C143065580","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3285695","display_name":"Mutant","level":3,"score":0.08400741219520569},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780827179","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q422001","display_name":"Retinal","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000818","descriptor_name":"Animals","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000818","descriptor_name":"Animals","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000818","descriptor_name":"Animals","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002412","descriptor_name":"Cations","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002412","descriptor_name":"Cations","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002412","descriptor_name":"Cations","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002460","descriptor_name":"Cell Line","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002460","descriptor_name":"Cell Line","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002460","descriptor_name":"Cell Line","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006224","descriptor_name":"Cricetinae","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006224","descriptor_name":"Cricetinae","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006224","descriptor_name":"Cricetinae","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006863","descriptor_name":"Hydrogen-Ion Concentration","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006863","descriptor_name":"Hydrogen-Ion Concentration","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006863","descriptor_name":"Hydrogen-Ion Concentration","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007473","descriptor_name":"Ion Channels","qualifier_ui":"Q000235","qualifier_name":"genetics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007473","descriptor_name":"Ion Channels","qualifier_ui":"Q000235","qualifier_name":"genetics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007473","descriptor_name":"Ion Channels","qualifier_ui":"Q000235","qualifier_name":"genetics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007473","descriptor_name":"Ion Channels","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007473","descriptor_name":"Ion Channels","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007473","descriptor_name":"Ion Channels","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007473","descriptor_name":"Ion Channels","qualifier_ui":"Q000737","qualifier_name":"chemistry","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007473","descriptor_name":"Ion Channels","qualifier_ui":"Q000737","qualifier_name":"chemistry","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007473","descriptor_name":"Ion Channels","qualifier_ui":"Q000737","qualifier_name":"chemistry","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008027","descriptor_name":"Light","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008027","descriptor_name":"Light","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008027","descriptor_name":"Light","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008564","descriptor_name":"Membrane Potentials","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008564","descriptor_name":"Membrane Potentials","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008564","descriptor_name":"Membrane Potentials","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009865","descriptor_name":"Oocytes","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009865","descriptor_name":"Oocytes","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009865","descriptor_name":"Oocytes","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011994","descriptor_name":"Recombinant Proteins","qualifier_ui":"Q000235","qualifier_name":"genetics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011994","descriptor_name":"Recombinant Proteins","qualifier_ui":"Q000235","qualifier_name":"genetics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011994","descriptor_name":"Recombinant Proteins","qualifier_ui":"Q000235","qualifier_name":"genetics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011994","descriptor_name":"Recombinant Proteins","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011994","descriptor_name":"Recombinant Proteins","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011994","descriptor_name":"Recombinant Proteins","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011994","descriptor_name":"Recombinant Proteins","qualifier_ui":"Q000737","qualifier_name":"chemistry","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011994","descriptor_name":"Recombinant Proteins","qualifier_ui":"Q000737","qualifier_name":"chemistry","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011994","descriptor_name":"Recombinant Proteins","qualifier_ui":"Q000737","qualifier_name":"chemistry","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012243","descriptor_name":"Rhodopsin","qualifier_ui":"Q000235","qualifier_name":"genetics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012243","descriptor_name":"Rhodopsin","qualifier_ui":"Q000235","qualifier_name":"genetics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012243","descriptor_name":"Rhodopsin","qualifier_ui":"Q000235","qualifier_name":"genetics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012243","descriptor_name":"Rhodopsin","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012243","descriptor_name":"Rhodopsin","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012243","descriptor_name":"Rhodopsin","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012243","descriptor_name":"Rhodopsin","qualifier_ui":"Q000737","qualifier_name":"chemistry","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012243","descriptor_name":"Rhodopsin","qualifier_ui":"Q000737","qualifier_name":"chemistry","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012243","descriptor_name":"Rhodopsin","qualifier_ui":"Q000737","qualifier_name":"chemistry","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014982","descriptor_name":"Xenopus laevis","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014982","descriptor_name":"Xenopus laevis","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014982","descriptor_name":"Xenopus laevis","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015640","descriptor_name":"Ion Channel Gating","qualifier_ui":"Q000528","qualifier_name":"radiation effects","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015640","descriptor_name":"Ion Channel Gating","qualifier_ui":"Q000528","qualifier_name":"radiation effects","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015640","descriptor_name":"Ion Channel Gating","qualifier_ui":"Q000528","qualifier_name":"radiation effects","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015800","descriptor_name":"Protozoan Proteins","qualifier_ui":"Q000235","qualifier_name":"genetics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015800","descriptor_name":"Protozoan Proteins","qualifier_ui":"Q000235","qualifier_name":"genetics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015800","descriptor_name":"Protozoan Proteins","qualifier_ui":"Q000235","qualifier_name":"genetics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015800","descriptor_name":"Protozoan Proteins","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015800","descriptor_name":"Protozoan Proteins","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015800","descriptor_name":"Protozoan Proteins","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015800","descriptor_name":"Protozoan Proteins","qualifier_ui":"Q000737","qualifier_name":"chemistry","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015800","descriptor_name":"Protozoan Proteins","qualifier_ui":"Q000737","qualifier_name":"chemistry","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015800","descriptor_name":"Protozoan Proteins","qualifier_ui":"Q000737","qualifier_name":"chemistry","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016825","descriptor_name":"Chlamydomonas reinhardtii","qualifier_ui":"Q000235","qualifier_name":"genetics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016825","descriptor_name":"Chlamydomonas reinhardtii","qualifier_ui":"Q000235","qualifier_name":"genetics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016825","descriptor_name":"Chlamydomonas reinhardtii","qualifier_ui":"Q000235","qualifier_name":"genetics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016825","descriptor_name":"Chlamydomonas reinhardtii","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016825","descriptor_name":"Chlamydomonas reinhardtii","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016825","descriptor_name":"Chlamydomonas reinhardtii","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D018462","descriptor_name":"Photobiology","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D018462","descriptor_name":"Photobiology","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D018462","descriptor_name":"Photobiology","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D020418","descriptor_name":"Algal Proteins","qualifier_ui":"Q000235","qualifier_name":"genetics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D020418","descriptor_name":"Algal Proteins","qualifier_ui":"Q000235","qualifier_name":"genetics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D020418","descriptor_name":"Algal Proteins","qualifier_ui":"Q000235","qualifier_name":"genetics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D020418","descriptor_name":"Algal Proteins","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D020418","descriptor_name":"Algal Proteins","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D020418","descriptor_name":"Algal Proteins","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D020418","descriptor_name":"Algal Proteins","qualifier_ui":"Q000737","qualifier_name":"chemistry","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D020418","descriptor_name":"Algal Proteins","qualifier_ui":"Q000737","qualifier_name":"chemistry","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D020418","descriptor_name":"Algal Proteins","qualifier_ui":"Q000737","qualifier_name":"chemistry","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D066298","descriptor_name":"In Vitro Techniques","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D066298","descriptor_name":"In Vitro Techniques","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D066298","descriptor_name":"In Vitro Techniques","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":6,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1073/pnas.1936192100","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1936192100","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S125754415","display_name":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences","issn_l":"0027-8424","issn":["0027-8424","1091-6490"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doyens","erih-plus","jufo-3","ki-jl-3","medline","norway-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320052","host_organization_name":"National Academy of Sciences","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320052"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["National Academy of Sciences"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:14615590","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14615590","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:1462540","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://europepmc.org/articles/PMC283525","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:283525","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/283525","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:edoc.mpg.de:60490","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://edoc.mpg.de/60490","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4406922265","display_name":"Max Planck Institute for Plasma Physics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Science USA, v.100, 13940-13945 (2003)","raw_type":"Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:epub.uni-regensburg.de:71958","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://epub.uni-regensburg.de/71958/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401229","display_name":"University of Regensburg Publication Server (University of Regensburg)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I60668342","host_organization_name":"University of Regensburg","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I60668342"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:283525","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/283525","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A","raw_type":"Text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":46,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1584196799","https://openalex.org/W1973906711","https://openalex.org/W1974416296","https://openalex.org/W1976965004","https://openalex.org/W1977724310","https://openalex.org/W1985306918","https://openalex.org/W1987265640","https://openalex.org/W1997495783","https://openalex.org/W1997511216","https://openalex.org/W2002029595","https://openalex.org/W2004066090","https://openalex.org/W2009667219","https://openalex.org/W2011284621","https://openalex.org/W2012719195","https://openalex.org/W2014833571","https://openalex.org/W2015426350","https://openalex.org/W2025756743","https://openalex.org/W2028410153","https://openalex.org/W2039678442","https://openalex.org/W2041701790","https://openalex.org/W2043779911","https://openalex.org/W2053811816","https://openalex.org/W2058488568","https://openalex.org/W2062021082","https://openalex.org/W2062648997","https://openalex.org/W2064692246","https://openalex.org/W2070917315","https://openalex.org/W2072914802","https://openalex.org/W2074490675","https://openalex.org/W2079227618","https://openalex.org/W2082341017","https://openalex.org/W2083422797","https://openalex.org/W2091847025","https://openalex.org/W2094751855","https://openalex.org/W2096975927","https://openalex.org/W2099727280","https://openalex.org/W2110810808","https://openalex.org/W2130049582","https://openalex.org/W2132665582","https://openalex.org/W2137714679","https://openalex.org/W2147776284","https://openalex.org/W2168366626","https://openalex.org/W3196492948","https://openalex.org/W4236397303","https://openalex.org/W4238094939","https://openalex.org/W4248327230"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2102575758","https://openalex.org/W2909437011","https://openalex.org/W624714480","https://openalex.org/W870368425","https://openalex.org/W1572325735","https://openalex.org/W1487398837","https://openalex.org/W2214664015","https://openalex.org/W2465656914","https://openalex.org/W2076667091","https://openalex.org/W2021163002"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Microbial-type":[0],"rhodopsins":[1],"are":[2,162],"found":[3],"in":[4,54,68,106,142,150,152],"archaea,":[5],"prokaryotes,":[6],"and":[7,40,73,101,122],"eukaryotes.":[8],"Some":[9],"of":[10,56,58,70,91,128,160],"them":[11],"represent":[12],"membrane":[13,124],"ion":[14,83,131,176],"transport":[15],"proteins":[16],"such":[17],"as":[18],"bacteriorhodopsin,":[19],"a":[20,27,42,79,92,96,110,170,174],"light-driven":[21],"proton":[22,31],"pump,":[23],"or":[24,189],"channelrhodopsin-1":[25],"(ChR1),":[26],"recently":[28],"identified":[29],"light-gated":[30],"channel":[32,86,132],"from":[33,46,115],"the":[34,129],"green":[35,60],"alga":[36],"Chlamydomonas":[37],"reinhardtii.":[38],"ChR1":[39],"ChR2,":[41],"related":[43],"microbial-type":[44],"rhodopsin":[45],"C.":[47,143],"reinhardtii,":[48],"were":[49],"shown":[50],"to":[51,94,109,186],"be":[52,184],"involved":[53],"generation":[55],"photocurrents":[57],"this":[59],"alga.":[61],"We":[62],"demonstrate":[63,180],"by":[64,119,135,193],"functional":[65],"expression,":[66],"both":[67],"oocytes":[69],"Xenopus":[71],"laevis":[72],"mammalian":[74],"cells,":[75,191],"that":[76,181],"ChR2":[77,104,130,138,161,182],"is":[78,117,133,139],"directly":[80],"light-switched":[81],"cation-selective":[82,175],"channel.":[84,177],"This":[85],"opens":[87],"rapidly":[88],"after":[89],"absorption":[90],"photon":[93],"generate":[95],"large":[97,190],"permeability":[98],"for":[99,164,173],"monovalent":[100],"divalent":[102],"cations.":[103],"desensitizes":[105],"continuous":[107],"light":[108],"smaller":[111],"steady-state":[112],"conductance.":[113],"Recovery":[114],"desensitization":[116],"accelerated":[118],"extracellular":[120],"H+":[121],"negative":[123],"potential,":[125],"whereas":[126],"closing":[127],"decelerated":[134],"intracellular":[136],"H+.":[137],"expressed":[140],"mainly":[141],"reinhardtii":[144],"under":[145],"low-light":[146],"conditions,":[147],"suggesting":[148],"involvement":[149],"photoreception":[151],"dark-adapted":[153],"cells.":[154],"The":[155],"predicted":[156],"seven-transmembrane":[157],"alpha":[158],"helices":[159],"characteristic":[163],"G":[165],"protein-coupled":[166],"receptors":[167],"but":[168],"reflect":[169],"different":[171],"motif":[172],"Finally,":[178],"we":[179],"may":[183],"used":[185],"depolarize":[187],"small":[188],"simply":[192],"illumination.":[194]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":62},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":91},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":116},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":148},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":179},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":170},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":153},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":155},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":155},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":199},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":149},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":204},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":156},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":162},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":136}],"updated_date":"2026-10-08T09:06:37.294493","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
