{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2159237755","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2958.2007.05628.x","title":"Basal expression rate of comK sets a \u2018switching\u2010window\u2019 into the K\u2010state of Bacillus subtilis","display_name":"Basal expression rate of comK sets a \u2018switching\u2010window\u2019 into the K\u2010state of Bacillus subtilis","publication_year":2007,"publication_date":"2007-03-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2159237755","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2958.2007.05628.x","mag":"2159237755","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17367397"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1111/j.1365-2958.2007.05628.x","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2958.2007.05628.x","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2958.2007.05628.x","pdf_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1111/j.1365-2958.2007.05628.x","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S102549058","display_name":"Molecular Microbiology","issn_l":"0950-382X","issn":["0950-382X","1365-2958"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-2","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","poland-100","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Molecular Microbiology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1111/j.1365-2958.2007.05628.x","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072216667","display_name":"Madeleine Leisner","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I22465464","display_name":"University of M\u00fcnster","ror":"https://ror.org/00pd74e08","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I22465464"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I8204097","display_name":"Ludwig-Maximilians-Universit\u00e4t M\u00fcnchen","ror":"https://ror.org/05591te55","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I8204097"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Madeleine Leisner","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institut f\u00fcr Allgemeine Zoologie und Genetik, Westf\u00e4lische Wilhelms Universit\u00e4t, Schlossplatz 5, 48149 M\u00fcnster, Germany","Department f\u00fcr Physik, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universit\u00e4t M\u00fcnchen, Geschwister-Scholl-Platz 1, 80539 M\u00fcnchen, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institut f\u00fcr Allgemeine Zoologie und Genetik, Westf\u00e4lische Wilhelms Universit\u00e4t, Schlossplatz 5, 48149 M\u00fcnster, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I22465464"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department f\u00fcr Physik, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universit\u00e4t M\u00fcnchen, Geschwister-Scholl-Platz 1, 80539 M\u00fcnchen, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I8204097"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052817365","display_name":"Kerstin Stingl","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8338-717X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8338-717X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I22465464","display_name":"University of M\u00fcnster","ror":"https://ror.org/00pd74e08","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I22465464"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kerstin Stingl","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institut fu\u0308r Allgemeine Zoologie und Genetik, Westfa\u0308lische Wilhelms Universita\u0308t, Schlossplatz 5, 48149 Mu\u0308nster, Germany","Institut f\u00fcr Allgemeine Zoologie und Genetik, Westf\u00e4lische Wilhelms Universit\u00e4t, Schlossplatz 5, 48149 M\u00fcnster, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institut fu\u0308r Allgemeine Zoologie und Genetik, Westfa\u0308lische Wilhelms Universita\u0308t, Schlossplatz 5, 48149 Mu\u0308nster, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I22465464"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institut f\u00fcr Allgemeine Zoologie und Genetik, Westf\u00e4lische Wilhelms Universit\u00e4t, Schlossplatz 5, 48149 M\u00fcnster, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I22465464"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113687001","display_name":"Joachim Oskar R\u00e4dler","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5846-1489","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5846-1489"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I8204097","display_name":"Ludwig-Maximilians-Universit\u00e4t M\u00fcnchen","ror":"https://ror.org/05591te55","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I8204097"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Joachim O. R\u00e4dler","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department fu\u0308r Physik, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universita\u0308t Mu\u0308nchen, Geschwister-Scholl-Platz 1, 80539 Mu\u0308nchen, Germany","Department f\u00fcr Physik, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universit\u00e4t M\u00fcnchen, Geschwister-Scholl-Platz 1, 80539 M\u00fcnchen, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department fu\u0308r Physik, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universita\u0308t Mu\u0308nchen, Geschwister-Scholl-Platz 1, 80539 Mu\u0308nchen, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I8204097"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department f\u00fcr Physik, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universit\u00e4t M\u00fcnchen, Geschwister-Scholl-Platz 1, 80539 M\u00fcnchen, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I8204097"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022345811","display_name":"Berenike Maier","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6971-9927","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6971-9927"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I22465464","display_name":"University of M\u00fcnster","ror":"https://ror.org/00pd74e08","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I22465464"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Berenike Maier","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institut fu\u0308r Allgemeine Zoologie und Genetik, Westfa\u0308lische Wilhelms Universita\u0308t, Schlossplatz 5, 48149 Mu\u0308nster, Germany","Institut f\u00fcr Allgemeine Zoologie und Genetik, Westf\u00e4lische Wilhelms Universit\u00e4t, Schlossplatz 5, 48149 M\u00fcnster, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institut fu\u0308r Allgemeine Zoologie und Genetik, Westfa\u0308lische Wilhelms Universita\u0308t, Schlossplatz 5, 48149 Mu\u0308nster, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I22465464"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institut f\u00fcr Allgemeine Zoologie und Genetik, Westf\u00e4lische Wilhelms Universit\u00e4t, Schlossplatz 5, 48149 M\u00fcnster, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I22465464"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5022345811"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I22465464"],"apc_list":{"value":4430,"currency":"USD","value_usd":4430},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.4082,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":55,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9027745,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"63","issue":"6","first_page":"1806","last_page":"1816"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10120","display_name":"Bacterial Genetics and Biotechnology","score":0.9810000061988831,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1311","display_name":"Genetics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10120","display_name":"Bacterial Genetics and Biotechnology","score":0.9810000061988831,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1311","display_name":"Genetics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10621","display_name":"Gene Regulatory Network Analysis","score":0.01640000008046627,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10497","display_name":"Fungal and yeast genetics research","score":0.00019999999494757503,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/comk","display_name":"ComK","score":0.7210000157356262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/competence-development","display_name":"competence development","score":0.4359999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bacillus-subtilis","display_name":"Bacillus subtilis","score":0.8379999995231628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bistable-switch","display_name":"bistable switch","score":0.7289999723434448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/switching-window","display_name":"switching window","score":0.5600000023841858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/basal-gene-expression","display_name":"basal gene expression","score":0.6890000104904175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transcriptional-noise","display_name":"transcriptional noise","score":0.5600000023841858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cell-to-cell-variability","display_name":"cell-to-cell variability","score":0.7310000061988831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stationary-phase","display_name":"stationary phase","score":0.6370000243186951}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.8084759712219238},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.6119962930679321},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777272437","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131238","display_name":"Bacillus subtilis","level":3,"score":0.5391104817390442},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778024521","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55639806","display_name":"Basal (medicine)","level":3,"score":0.4505784511566162},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95444343","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7141","display_name":"Cell biology","level":1,"score":0.41675910353660583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54355233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162","display_name":"Genetics","level":1,"score":0.2891399562358856},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C523546767","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10876","display_name":"Bacteria","level":2,"score":0.13697215914726257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134018914","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162606","display_name":"Endocrinology","level":1,"score":0.12117043137550354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779306644","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2002370","display_name":"Insulin","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149923435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37732","display_name":"Demography","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D001412","descriptor_name":"Bacillus subtilis","qualifier_ui":"Q000235","qualifier_name":"genetics","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001412","descriptor_name":"Bacillus subtilis","qualifier_ui":"Q000254","qualifier_name":"growth & development","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001412","descriptor_name":"Bacillus subtilis","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001426","descriptor_name":"Bacterial Proteins","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001426","descriptor_name":"Bacterial Proteins","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005798","descriptor_name":"Genes, Bacterial","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014157","descriptor_name":"Transcription Factors","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014157","descriptor_name":"Transcription Factors","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D014169","descriptor_name":"Transformation, Bacterial","qualifier_ui":"Q000235","qualifier_name":"genetics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015964","descriptor_name":"Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1111/j.1365-2958.2007.05628.x","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2958.2007.05628.x","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2958.2007.05628.x","pdf_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1111/j.1365-2958.2007.05628.x","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S102549058","display_name":"Molecular Microbiology","issn_l":"0950-382X","issn":["0950-382X","1365-2958"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-2","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","poland-100","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Molecular Microbiology","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:17367397","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17367397","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Molecular microbiology","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1111/j.1365-2958.2007.05628.x","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2958.2007.05628.x","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2958.2007.05628.x","pdf_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1111/j.1365-2958.2007.05628.x","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S102549058","display_name":"Molecular Microbiology","issn_l":"0950-382X","issn":["0950-382X","1365-2958"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-2","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","poland-100","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Molecular Microbiology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320879","display_name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","ror":"https://ror.org/018mejw64"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2159237755.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2159237755.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":31,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1502196371","https://openalex.org/W1571155327","https://openalex.org/W1798124365","https://openalex.org/W1927278339","https://openalex.org/W1962830614","https://openalex.org/W1967668980","https://openalex.org/W1969263915","https://openalex.org/W1970857144","https://openalex.org/W1975518085","https://openalex.org/W1982310237","https://openalex.org/W1988791304","https://openalex.org/W1995991050","https://openalex.org/W1999977876","https://openalex.org/W2012855182","https://openalex.org/W2019462270","https://openalex.org/W2052205534","https://openalex.org/W2108067686","https://openalex.org/W2111530819","https://openalex.org/W2115703815","https://openalex.org/W2117706115","https://openalex.org/W2130127788","https://openalex.org/W2134124642","https://openalex.org/W2143842076","https://openalex.org/W2144025469","https://openalex.org/W2148556915","https://openalex.org/W2157475515","https://openalex.org/W2158705161","https://openalex.org/W2159974082","https://openalex.org/W2161251399","https://openalex.org/W2164013467","https://openalex.org/W2168403192"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2130127788","https://openalex.org/W2046888083","https://openalex.org/W1988975366","https://openalex.org/W1571155327","https://openalex.org/W1978329448","https://openalex.org/W2108621760","https://openalex.org/W2780315794","https://openalex.org/W2157475515","https://openalex.org/W7096524523","https://openalex.org/W2122170001"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Bacillus":[0],"subtilis":[1],"cell":[2],"population":[3],"divides":[4],"into":[5,52],"a":[6,10,36,68,78,97,117,162,170],"competent":[7],"fraction":[8,12,47],"and":[9,66,80,94,132,174],"non-competent":[11,21,64],"in":[13,62,84,119,136,178,182],"the":[14,20,28,42,46,53,58,85,89,110,121,146,153,180,183],"stationary":[15,86],"phase.":[16,87],"The":[17],"transition":[18],"from":[19],"state":[22],"(with":[23,30],"basal":[24,59,123,137,166],"ComK":[25,32,108,126,157],"concentration)":[26,33],"to":[27,134],"K-state":[29,54],"high":[31,147],"behaves":[34],"like":[35],"bistable":[37],"switch.":[38],"To":[39],"better":[40],"understand":[41],"mechanism":[43],"that":[44,50,143,161],"sets":[45,169],"of":[48,107,125,149,165],"cells":[49,65,142],"switch":[51],"(K-fraction),":[55],"we":[56],"characterized":[57],"comK":[60,138,150],"expression":[61,73,139,151,167],"individual":[63],"found":[67],"large":[69],"cell-to-cell":[70],"variation.":[71],"Basal":[72],"rate":[74,92,168],"increased":[75,93,112],"exponentially,":[76],"reached":[77],"maximum":[79],"decreased":[81,95],"towards":[82],"zero":[83],"Concomitantly,":[88],"intrinsic":[90],"switching":[91,101,173],"with":[96],"time":[98],"lag.":[99],"When":[100],"was":[102],"induced":[103],"prematurely":[104],"by":[105],"reduction":[106],"proteolysis,":[109],"K-fraction":[111,181],"strongly.":[113],"Our":[114],"data":[115],"support":[116],"model":[118],"which":[120],"average":[122],"level":[124],"raises":[127],"during":[128],"late":[129],"exponential":[130],"phase":[131],"due":[133],"noise":[135],"only":[140],"those":[141],"are":[144],"on":[145],"end":[148],"trigger":[152],"autocatalytic":[154],"feedback":[155],"for":[156,172],"transcription.":[158],"We":[159],"show":[160],"subsequent":[163],"shut-down":[164],"'time-window'":[171],"is":[175],"thus":[176],"involved":[177],"determining":[179],"bimodal":[184],"population.":[185]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
