{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2159237254","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-232x.1993.tb01028.x","title":"Black Female Clerical Workers: Movement toward Equality with White Women?","display_name":"Black Female Clerical Workers: Movement toward Equality with White Women?","publication_year":1993,"publication_date":"1993-03-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2159237254","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-232x.1993.tb01028.x","mag":"2159237254"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1111/j.1468-232x.1993.tb01028.x","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-232x.1993.tb01028.x","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-232x.1993.tb01028.x","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S174105208","display_name":"Industrial Relations A Journal of Economy and Society","issn_l":"0019-8676","issn":["0019-8676","1468-232X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a-star","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","fnege-1","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Industrial Relations: A Journal of Economy and Society","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027401015","display_name":"Marilyn Power","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"MARILYN POWER","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109251733","display_name":"Sam Rosenberg","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I102101047","display_name":"Roosevelt University","ror":"https://ror.org/020vmqv16","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I102101047"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I107639228","display_name":"University of Notre Dame","ror":"https://ror.org/00mkhxb43","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I107639228"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I56327960","display_name":"Sarah Lawrence College","ror":"https://ror.org/04sxj4848","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I56327960"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"SAM ROSENBERG","raw_affiliation_strings":["*Sarah Lawrence College, and Department of Economics, Roosevelt University. Bob Buchele, Susan Carter, and Joel Fingerman provided assistance throughout this project. Janis Barry commented on a previous draft of this article. Earlier versions of this article were presented to the Ninth Annual Conference of the International Working Party on Labor Market Segmentation, Turin, Italy, July 1987; the Western Economics Association, Los Angeles, CA, July 1988; and the Third Annual Conference on Labor Market Segmentation, Notre Dame University, April 1990","*Sarah Lawrence College, and Department of Economics, Roosevelt University. Bob Buchele, Susan Carter, and Joel Fingerman provided assistance throughout this project. Janis Barry commented on a previous draft of this article. Earlier versions of this article were presented to the Ninth Annual Conference of the International Working Party on Labor Market Segmentation, Turin, Italy, July 1987","the Third Annual Conference on Labor Market Segmentation, Notre Dame University, April 1990","the Western Economics Association, Los Angeles, CA, July 1988"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"*Sarah Lawrence College, and Department of Economics, Roosevelt University. Bob Buchele, Susan Carter, and Joel Fingerman provided assistance throughout this project. Janis Barry commented on a previous draft of this article. Earlier versions of this article were presented to the Ninth Annual Conference of the International Working Party on Labor Market Segmentation, Turin, Italy, July 1987; the Western Economics Association, Los Angeles, CA, July 1988; and the Third Annual Conference on Labor Market Segmentation, Notre Dame University, April 1990","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102101047","https://openalex.org/I56327960"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"*Sarah Lawrence College, and Department of Economics, Roosevelt University. Bob Buchele, Susan Carter, and Joel Fingerman provided assistance throughout this project. Janis Barry commented on a previous draft of this article. Earlier versions of this article were presented to the Ninth Annual Conference of the International Working Party on Labor Market Segmentation, Turin, Italy, July 1987","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102101047"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"the Third Annual Conference on Labor Market Segmentation, Notre Dame University, April 1990","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I107639228"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"the Western Economics Association, Los Angeles, CA, July 1988","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":3470,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3470},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":5.3137,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":18,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95763389,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":87,"max":93},"biblio":{"volume":"32","issue":"2","first_page":"223","last_page":"237"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13989","display_name":"Labour Market and Migration","score":0.4860999882221222,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3318","display_name":"Gender Studies"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13989","display_name":"Labour Market and Migration","score":0.4860999882221222,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3318","display_name":"Gender Studies"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10208","display_name":"Labor market dynamics and wage inequality","score":0.4381999969482422,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11544","display_name":"Gender, Labor, and Family Dynamics","score":0.02889999933540821,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3318","display_name":"Gender Studies"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/black-women","display_name":"Black women","score":0.7580000162124634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/white-women","display_name":"white women","score":0.7369999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/occupational-mobility","display_name":"occupational mobility","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/occupational-segregation","display_name":"occupational segregation","score":0.6039999723434448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gender-inequality","display_name":"gender inequality","score":0.44600000977516174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/racial-inequality","display_name":"racial inequality","score":0.7319999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/occupational-status","display_name":"occupational status","score":0.5789999961853027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/education-and-training","display_name":"education and training","score":0.7929999828338623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wage-differentials","display_name":"wage differentials","score":0.4690000116825104}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56273599","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3122841","display_name":"White (mutation)","level":3,"score":0.8252795934677124},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776639814","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q28401147","display_name":"Black women","level":2,"score":0.7595005631446838},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2910887555","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q282773","display_name":"Occupational mobility","level":2,"score":0.6050283312797546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3018047383","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q817393","display_name":"Black female","level":2,"score":0.5614475011825562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2992814624","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q817393","display_name":"Black male","level":2,"score":0.4843055307865143},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780226923","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q929848","display_name":"Movement (music)","level":2,"score":0.46104687452316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4249254","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3044431","display_name":"Demographic economics","level":1,"score":0.4086454510688782},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.3988698720932007},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145236788","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q28161","display_name":"Labour economics","level":1,"score":0.32480716705322266},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107993555","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1662673","display_name":"Gender studies","level":1,"score":0.2977963089942932},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.2572774887084961},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.13564705848693848},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107038049","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q35986","display_name":"Aesthetics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1111/j.1468-232x.1993.tb01028.x","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-232x.1993.tb01028.x","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-232x.1993.tb01028.x","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S174105208","display_name":"Industrial Relations A Journal of Economy and Society","issn_l":"0019-8676","issn":["0019-8676","1468-232X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a-star","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","fnege-1","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Industrial Relations: A Journal of Economy and Society","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":1.0,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","display_name":"Reduced inequalities"},{"score":0.75,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/5","display_name":"Gender equality"},{"score":0.7257999777793884,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8","display_name":"Decent work and economic growth"}],"study_designs":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study","display_name":"Observational Study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":23,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W122887194","https://openalex.org/W161644103","https://openalex.org/W203929858","https://openalex.org/W242680891","https://openalex.org/W1531414731","https://openalex.org/W1563405305","https://openalex.org/W1574539612","https://openalex.org/W1865967404","https://openalex.org/W1982775215","https://openalex.org/W2008783203","https://openalex.org/W2011974994","https://openalex.org/W2032535254","https://openalex.org/W2117591272","https://openalex.org/W2139122730","https://openalex.org/W2168840885","https://openalex.org/W2326154059","https://openalex.org/W2326377450","https://openalex.org/W2334699074","https://openalex.org/W2729876781","https://openalex.org/W2796212216","https://openalex.org/W3124253868","https://openalex.org/W4205729026","https://openalex.org/W4206693431"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2563856297","https://openalex.org/W7005010977","https://openalex.org/W1562199756","https://openalex.org/W2086951859","https://openalex.org/W2034742004","https://openalex.org/W7095540329","https://openalex.org/W2170962254","https://openalex.org/W3162633903","https://openalex.org/W4409393101","https://openalex.org/W2063361983"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"article":[1],"examines":[2],"the":[3,24],"occupational":[4,66,72],"mobility":[5,73],"patterns":[6],"of":[7],"black":[8,44,76],"and":[9,28,58,69],"white":[10,33,80],"female":[11],"clerical":[12,26,50],"workers":[13],"from":[14],"1972":[15],"to":[16,35,54],"1980.":[17],"Black":[18],"women":[19,34,45,77],"were":[20,29],"initially":[21],"concentrated":[22],"in":[23,40,63],"lower\u2010paying":[25],"positions":[27],"less":[30,74],"likely":[31],"than":[32,78],"leave":[36],"for":[37,75,79],"better":[38],"jobs":[39,51],"other":[41],"areas.":[42],"Those":[43],"who":[46],"had":[47],"relatively":[48],"good":[49],"tended":[52],"not":[53],"rise":[55],"any":[56],"further":[57],"even":[59],"experienced":[60],"some":[61],"difficulty":[62],"maintaining":[64],"their":[65],"status.":[67],"Education":[68],"training":[70],"aided":[71],"women.":[81]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-16T09:59:22.235173","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
