{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2159066037","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jxb/48.1.113","title":"Effects of elevated carbon dioxide and ozone on the growth and yield of spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)","display_name":"Effects of elevated carbon dioxide and ozone on the growth and yield of spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)","publication_year":1997,"publication_date":"1997-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2159066037","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jxb/48.1.113","mag":"2159066037"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1093/jxb/48.1.113","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jxb/48.1.113","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jxb/48.1.113","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S32610980","display_name":"Journal of Experimental Botany","issn_l":"0022-0957","issn":["0022-0957","1460-2431"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","jufo-2","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Experimental Botany","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111557028","display_name":"B. J. Mulholland","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142263535","display_name":"University of Nottingham","ror":"https://ror.org/01ee9ar58","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142263535"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"B.J. Mulholland","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Physiology and Environmental Science, The University of NottinghamSutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough, Leics LE12 5RD, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Physiology and Environmental Science, The University of NottinghamSutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough, Leics LE12 5RD, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142263535"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036125266","display_name":"Jim Craigon","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4570-5138","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4570-5138"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142263535","display_name":"University of Nottingham","ror":"https://ror.org/01ee9ar58","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142263535"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"J. Craigon","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Physiology and Environmental Science, The University of Nottingham Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough, Leics LE12 5RD, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Physiology and Environmental Science, The University of Nottingham Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough, Leics LE12 5RD, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142263535"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113543130","display_name":"C.R. Black","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142263535","display_name":"University of Nottingham","ror":"https://ror.org/01ee9ar58","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142263535"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"C.R. Black","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Physiology and Environmental Science, The University of Nottingham Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough, Leics LE12 5RD, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Physiology and Environmental Science, The University of Nottingham Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough, Leics LE12 5RD, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142263535"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021848975","display_name":"Jeremy J Colls","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142263535","display_name":"University of Nottingham","ror":"https://ror.org/01ee9ar58","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142263535"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"J.J. Colls","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Physiology and Environmental Science, The University of Nottingham Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough, Leics LE12 5RD, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Physiology and Environmental Science, The University of Nottingham Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough, Leics LE12 5RD, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142263535"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111557029","display_name":"J. G. Atherton","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142263535","display_name":"University of Nottingham","ror":"https://ror.org/01ee9ar58","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142263535"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"J. Atherton","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Agriculture and Horticulture, The University of Nottingham Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough, Leics LE12 5RD, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Agriculture and Horticulture, The University of Nottingham Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough, Leics LE12 5RD, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142263535"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035972744","display_name":"Geoff Landon","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142263535","display_name":"University of Nottingham","ror":"https://ror.org/01ee9ar58","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142263535"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"G. Landon","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Physiology and Environmental Science, The University of Nottingham Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough, Leics LE12 5RD, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Physiology and Environmental Science, The University of Nottingham Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough, Leics LE12 5RD, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142263535"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142263535"],"apc_list":{"value":3292,"currency":"GBP","value_usd":4341},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":7.5124,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":85,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97240113,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"48","issue":"1","first_page":"113","last_page":"122"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11760","display_name":"Plant responses to elevated CO2","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11760","display_name":"Plant responses to elevated CO2","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10439","display_name":"Climate change impacts on agriculture","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1102","display_name":"Agronomy and Crop Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10014","display_name":"Plant Stress Responses and Tolerance","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/elevated-co2","display_name":"elevated CO2","score":0.8960000276565552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ozone","display_name":"ozone","score":0.6259999871253967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spring-wheat","display_name":"spring wheat","score":0.9929999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wheat","display_name":"wheat","score":0.9010000228881836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/grain-yield","display_name":"grain yield","score":0.9430000185966492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/leaf-senescence","display_name":"leaf senescence","score":0.7009999752044678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/flag-leaf","display_name":"flag leaf","score":0.9160000085830688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tillering","display_name":"tillering","score":0.5099999904632568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biomass","display_name":"biomass","score":0.46799999475479126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/leaf-area-index","display_name":"leaf area index","score":0.7400000095367432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ozone-injury","display_name":"ozone injury","score":0.5830000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/canopy-structure","display_name":"canopy structure","score":0.5120000243186951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/grain-number","display_name":"grain number","score":0.38600000739097595}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780512892","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q593803","display_name":"Anthesis","level":3,"score":0.8084611892700195},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776096895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1385709","display_name":"Seedling","level":2,"score":0.7167742252349854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C508106653","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36933","display_name":"Ozone","level":2,"score":0.7085965275764465},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C530467964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1997","display_name":"Carbon dioxide","level":2,"score":0.6883201003074646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21410773","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q220869","display_name":"Shoot","level":2,"score":0.6319476962089539},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6557445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173113","display_name":"Agronomy","level":1,"score":0.5839287638664246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115540264","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2945560","display_name":"Biomass (ecology)","level":2,"score":0.5735750794410706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144027150","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q48803","display_name":"Horticulture","level":1,"score":0.4968121349811554},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134121241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q899301","display_name":"Yield (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.4621048867702484},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778712887","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q102836","display_name":"Spring (device)","level":2,"score":0.4538882076740265},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150668497","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q104870826","display_name":"Dry weight","level":2,"score":0.43209123611450195},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.41786989569664},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.3978404104709625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.05939081311225891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178790620","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11351","display_name":"Organic chemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191897082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11467","display_name":"Metallurgy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197321923","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4886","display_name":"Cultivar","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1093/jxb/48.1.113","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jxb/48.1.113","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jxb/48.1.113","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S32610980","display_name":"Journal of Experimental Botany","issn_l":"0022-0957","issn":["0022-0957","1460-2431"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","jufo-2","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Experimental Botany","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.319.5853","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.319.5853","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://jxb.oxfordjournals.org/content/48/1/113.full.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:open-archive.highwire.org:jexbot:48/306/113","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://jxb.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/short/48/306/113","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4406923041","display_name":"HighWire Press Open Archive","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"TEXT"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/2","display_name":"Zero hunger","score":0.9208999872207642},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/13","display_name":"Climate action","score":0.5351999998092651}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":37,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W183812935","https://openalex.org/W1502468377","https://openalex.org/W1967591860","https://openalex.org/W1979141162","https://openalex.org/W1986256045","https://openalex.org/W1986905491","https://openalex.org/W1993909741","https://openalex.org/W1997926288","https://openalex.org/W1998286180","https://openalex.org/W1998492613","https://openalex.org/W2003252050","https://openalex.org/W2015788428","https://openalex.org/W2021861639","https://openalex.org/W2024893220","https://openalex.org/W2025826808","https://openalex.org/W2033940120","https://openalex.org/W2039440737","https://openalex.org/W2044048001","https://openalex.org/W2048507695","https://openalex.org/W2069810269","https://openalex.org/W2081532798","https://openalex.org/W2094494286","https://openalex.org/W2095424651","https://openalex.org/W2110104830","https://openalex.org/W2122518935","https://openalex.org/W2136101440","https://openalex.org/W2150834882","https://openalex.org/W2165139361","https://openalex.org/W2165271395","https://openalex.org/W2176333498","https://openalex.org/W2329924585","https://openalex.org/W2344736439","https://openalex.org/W2505709835","https://openalex.org/W2994586509","https://openalex.org/W3004266809","https://openalex.org/W4241989719","https://openalex.org/W6773220555"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7100069959","https://openalex.org/W1978721874","https://openalex.org/W2047042505","https://openalex.org/W2115816296","https://openalex.org/W2018927281","https://openalex.org/W2154472837","https://openalex.org/W2428233109","https://openalex.org/W2136086019","https://openalex.org/W2140597395","https://openalex.org/W1995841696"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Spring":[0],"wheat":[1],"cv.":[2],"Minaret":[3],"was":[4,37,87,195,202,228],"grown":[5],"under":[6,156],"three":[7],"carbon":[8],"dioxide":[9],"(CO2)":[10],"and":[11,59,65,69,79,83,105,112,116,165,179,186,222,235],"two":[12],"ozone":[13],"(O3)":[14],"concentrations":[15],"from":[16],"seedling":[17,167],"emergence":[18],"to":[19,41,54,76,97,132,135,161,190,208,280],"maturity":[20,86,194],"in":[21,44,52,90,286],"open-top":[22],"chambers.":[23],"Under":[24],"elevated":[25,233,247],"CO2":[26,56,158,234,248],"concentrations,":[27],"the":[28,34,91,98,162,170,181,209,212,238,263],"green":[29,45],"leaf":[30,46,148,214,242,265],"area":[31,47],"index":[32],"of":[33,123,143,174,183,240,266,271],"main":[35,163],"shoot":[36,164],"increased,":[38],"largely":[39],"due":[40],"an":[42],"increase":[43],"duration.":[48],"Biomass":[49],"increased":[50,73,109,127,180],"linearly":[51],"response":[53],"increasing":[55],"(ambient,":[57],"550":[58],"680":[60,92],"ppm).":[61],"At":[62],"anthesis,":[63],"stem":[64],"ear":[66,107,227],"dry":[67],"weights":[68],"plant":[70],"height":[71],"were":[72,108],"by":[74,110,130],"up":[75,131],"174%,":[77],"5%":[78],"9":[80],"cm,":[81],"respectively,":[82,115],"biomass":[84],"at":[85,193],"23%":[88],"greater":[89],"ppm":[93],"treatment":[94],"as":[95,197],"compared":[96],"ambient":[99,157],"control.":[100],"Grain":[101],"numbers":[102],"per":[103,106,226],"spikelet":[104],"0.2":[111],"5":[113],"grains,":[114],"this,":[117],"coupled":[118],"with":[119,246],"a":[120,136,198,268],"higher":[121],"number":[122],"ears":[124,192],"bearing":[125],"tillers,":[126],"grain":[128,200,224,274],"yield":[129,201,225],"33%.":[133],"Exposure":[134],"7":[137],"h":[138],"daily":[139],"mean":[140,223],"O3":[141,220,236,281],"concentration":[142],"60":[144],"ppb":[145],"induced":[146],"premature":[147,253],"senescence":[149,254],"during":[150,169,255,273],"early":[151,256],"vegetative":[152,257],"growth":[153],"(leaves":[154,244],"1\u20137)":[155],"concentrations.":[159],"Damage":[160],"possible":[166],"mortality":[168],"first":[171],"3":[172],"weeks":[173],"exposure":[175],"altered":[176],"canopy":[177],"structure":[178],"proportion":[182],"tillers":[184],"1":[185],"2":[187],"which":[188],"survived":[189],"produce":[191],"increased;":[196],"result,":[199],"not":[203,229],"significantly":[204],"affected.":[205,230],"In":[206],"contrast":[207],"older":[210],"leaves,":[211],"flag":[213,264],"(leaf":[215],"8)":[216],"sustained":[217],"no":[218],"visible":[219,241],"damage,":[221],"Interactions":[231],"between":[232],"influenced":[237],"severity":[239],"damage":[243,287],"1\u20137),":[245],"apparently":[249],"protecting":[250],"against":[251],"O3-induced":[252],"growth.":[258],"The":[259],"data":[260],"suggest":[261],"that":[262],"Minaret,":[267],"major":[269],"source":[270],"assimilate":[272],"fill,":[275],"may":[276],"be":[277],"relatively":[278],"insensitive":[279],"exposure.":[282],"Possible":[283],"mechanisms":[284],"involved":[285],"and/or":[288],"recovery":[289],"are":[290],"discussed.":[291]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
