{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2158759181","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.321.7261.593","title":"Costs and effectiveness of community postnatal support workers: randomised controlled trial","display_name":"Costs and effectiveness of community postnatal support workers: randomised controlled trial","publication_year":2000,"publication_date":"2000-09-09","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2158759181","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.321.7261.593","mag":"2158759181","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10977833","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/27472"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1136/bmj.321.7261.593","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.321.7261.593","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.321.7261.593","pdf_url":"https://www.bmj.com/content/bmj/321/7261/593.full.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S192814187","display_name":"BMJ","issn_l":"0959-8138","issn":["0959-8138"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doyens","jufo-2","ki-jl-3","medline","norway-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319945","host_organization_name":"BMJ","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319945"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["BMJ"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"BMJ","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://www.bmj.com/content/bmj/321/7261/593.full.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083141172","display_name":"C Jane Morrell","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I91136226","display_name":"University of Sheffield","ror":"https://ror.org/05krs5044","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I91136226"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"C J. Morrell","raw_affiliation_strings":["Medical Care Research Unit, School of Health and Related Research (ScHARR), University of Sheffield, Sheffield S1 4DA. J.Morrell1@Sheffield.ac.uk","Medical Care Research Unit, School of Health and Related Research (ScHARR), University of Sheffield, Sheffield S1 4DA,"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Medical Care Research Unit, School of Health and Related Research (ScHARR), University of Sheffield, Sheffield S1 4DA. J.Morrell1@Sheffield.ac.uk","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91136226"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Medical Care Research Unit, School of Health and Related Research (ScHARR), University of Sheffield, Sheffield S1 4DA,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91136226"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5083141172"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91136226"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":10.5014,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":231,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98679119,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"321","issue":"7261","first_page":"593","last_page":"598"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10453","display_name":"Maternal and Perinatal Health Interventions","score":0.7538999915122986,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2729","display_name":"Obstetrics and Gynecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10453","display_name":"Maternal and Perinatal Health Interventions","score":0.7538999915122986,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2729","display_name":"Obstetrics and Gynecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10786","display_name":"Maternal Mental Health During Pregnancy and Postpartum","score":0.0828000009059906,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12741","display_name":"Maternal and Neonatal Healthcare","score":0.07209999859333038,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2735","display_name":"Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/postnatal-care","display_name":"postpartum care","score":0.8550000190734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/home-visits","display_name":"home visits","score":0.7689999938011169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/community-midwifery","display_name":"community midwifery","score":0.8429999947547913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cost-effectiveness","display_name":"cost-effectiveness","score":0.8330000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/postpartum-depression","display_name":"postpartum depression","score":0.9390000104904175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/breastfeeding","display_name":"breastfeeding","score":0.5299999713897705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/patient-satisfaction","display_name":"patient satisfaction","score":0.6629999876022339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nhs-costs","display_name":"NHS costs","score":0.7599999904632568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/women-s-health","display_name":"women's health","score":0.5299999713897705}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.7648492455482483},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2910910449","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q749115","display_name":"Postnatal Care","level":3,"score":0.6594353318214417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781350852","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q288469","display_name":"Pound (networking)","level":2,"score":0.5636031627655029},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168563851","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1436668","display_name":"Randomized controlled trial","level":2,"score":0.5605559349060059},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780665704","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q959298","display_name":"Intervention (counseling)","level":2,"score":0.4916685223579407},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778087770","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2297111","display_name":"Social support","level":2,"score":0.4811321794986725},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3020294031","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q174876","display_name":"Breast feeding","level":2,"score":0.4479404091835022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775951005","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3473024","display_name":"Community health","level":3,"score":0.44628024101257324},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74909509","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10387","display_name":"Gerontology","level":1,"score":0.43262699246406555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776283161","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q174876","display_name":"Breastfeeding","level":2,"score":0.4176553189754486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149923435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37732","display_name":"Demography","level":1,"score":0.41717779636383057},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159110408","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q121176","display_name":"Nursing","level":1,"score":0.40634381771087646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C512399662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3505712","display_name":"Family medicine","level":1,"score":0.4054705798625946},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187212893","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q123028","display_name":"Pediatrics","level":1,"score":0.30622386932373047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779234561","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11995","display_name":"Pregnancy","level":2,"score":0.27264559268951416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138816342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189603","display_name":"Public health","level":2,"score":0.2112891674041748},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.14688169956207275},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141071460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q40821","display_name":"Surgery","level":1,"score":0.10198652744293213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54355233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162","display_name":"Genetics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C542102704","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q183257","display_name":"Psychotherapist","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000293","descriptor_name":"Adolescent","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000488","descriptor_name":"Allied Health Personnel","qualifier_ui":"Q000191","qualifier_name":"economics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001942","descriptor_name":"Breast Feeding","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003152","descriptor_name":"Community Health Nursing","qualifier_ui":"Q000191","qualifier_name":"economics","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003362","descriptor_name":"Cost-Benefit Analysis","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005500","descriptor_name":"Follow-Up Studies","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006113","descriptor_name":"United Kingdom","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006792","descriptor_name":"House Calls","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009721","descriptor_name":"Nurse Midwives","qualifier_ui":"Q000191","qualifier_name":"economics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011181","descriptor_name":"Postnatal Care","qualifier_ui":"Q000191","qualifier_name":"economics","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D011247","descriptor_name":"Pregnancy","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016896","descriptor_name":"Treatment Outcome","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D017060","descriptor_name":"Patient Satisfaction","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D019052","descriptor_name":"Depression, Postpartum","qualifier_ui":"Q000517","qualifier_name":"prevention & control","is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1136/bmj.321.7261.593","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.321.7261.593","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.321.7261.593","pdf_url":"https://www.bmj.com/content/bmj/321/7261/593.full.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S192814187","display_name":"BMJ","issn_l":"0959-8138","issn":["0959-8138"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doyens","jufo-2","ki-jl-3","medline","norway-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319945","host_organization_name":"BMJ","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319945"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["BMJ"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"BMJ","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:251242","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://europepmc.org/pmc/articles/PMC27472","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:27472","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/27472","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"BMJ","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmid:10977833","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10977833","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"BMJ (Clinical research ed.)","raw_type":"Clinical Trial"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1136/bmj.321.7261.593","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.321.7261.593","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.321.7261.593","pdf_url":"https://www.bmj.com/content/bmj/321/7261/593.full.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S192814187","display_name":"BMJ","issn_l":"0959-8138","issn":["0959-8138"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doyens","jufo-2","ki-jl-3","medline","norway-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319945","host_organization_name":"BMJ","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319945"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["BMJ"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"BMJ","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.98580002784729,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"},{"display_name":"No poverty","score":0.41670000553131104,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/1"},{"display_name":"Decent work and economic growth","score":0.4000000059604645,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8"}],"study_designs":[{"display_name":"Randomized Controlled Trial","id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/randomized-controlled-trial"},{"display_name":"Clinical Trial","id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/clinical-trial"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334661","display_name":"Health Technology Assessment Programme","ror":"https://ror.org/0187kwz08"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2158759181.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2158759181.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":28,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1595046345","https://openalex.org/W1782099231","https://openalex.org/W1977897138","https://openalex.org/W1980015319","https://openalex.org/W1982233307","https://openalex.org/W1995238429","https://openalex.org/W1995945562","https://openalex.org/W1996377580","https://openalex.org/W1998207473","https://openalex.org/W2028591629","https://openalex.org/W2037377025","https://openalex.org/W2061222519","https://openalex.org/W2087851547","https://openalex.org/W2094961610","https://openalex.org/W2098189892","https://openalex.org/W2113750014","https://openalex.org/W2133913694","https://openalex.org/W2149264570","https://openalex.org/W2162465941","https://openalex.org/W2175424490","https://openalex.org/W2265493724","https://openalex.org/W2333897677","https://openalex.org/W2763149642","https://openalex.org/W2783011039","https://openalex.org/W2784019152","https://openalex.org/W4243034835","https://openalex.org/W6637841246","https://openalex.org/W7005978287"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2185093412","https://openalex.org/W2104762777","https://openalex.org/W1995591125","https://openalex.org/W2075129845","https://openalex.org/W2045023628","https://openalex.org/W4221023803","https://openalex.org/W2118886542","https://openalex.org/W2598957514","https://openalex.org/W2994860215","https://openalex.org/W2091970115"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"OBJECTIVES:":[0],"To":[1],"establish":[2],"the":[3,11,16,66,91,123,126,132,141,148,168,181,188,216,223,229,232],"relative":[4],"cost":[5],"effectiveness":[6],"of":[7,70,95,105,172,198,231],"postnatal":[8,47,68,79,96,204,234],"support":[9,80,189,205,235],"in":[10,13,34,42,65,119,125,170,180],"community":[12,21,78,203,210,233],"addition":[14],"to":[15,52,61,72,222],"usual":[17],"care":[18,40],"provided":[19,41],"by":[20,76,90,202,215],"midwives.":[22],"DESIGN:":[23],"Randomised":[24],"controlled":[25],"trial":[26],"with":[27,102,187,208],"six":[28,112,130,153,226],"month":[29,69],"follow":[30],"up.":[31],"SETTING:":[32],"Recruitment":[33],"a":[35,77],"university":[36],"teaching":[37],"hospital":[38],"and":[39,93,107,144,159],"women's":[43],"homes.":[44],"PARTICIPANTS:":[45],"623":[46],"women":[48,124,179],"allocated":[49],"at":[50],"random":[51],"intervention":[53,127,142,182],"(311)":[54],"or":[55,175],"control":[56,149],"(312)":[57],"group.":[58,128],"INTERVENTION:":[59],"Up":[60],"10":[62],"home":[63,200],"visits":[64,201],"first":[67],"up":[71],"three":[73],"hours":[74],"duration":[75],"worker.":[81],"MAIN":[82],"OUTCOME":[83],"MEASURE:":[84],"General":[85],"health":[86,120,196],"status":[87,121],"as":[88,213],"measured":[89,214],"SF-36":[92],"risk":[94],"depression.":[97],"Breast":[98],"feeding":[99],"rates,":[100],"satisfaction":[101],"care,":[103],"use":[104,171],"services,":[106],"personal":[108,176],"costs.":[109,177],"RESULTS:":[110],"At":[111,129,152],"weeks":[113,131],"there":[114],"was":[115,194],"no":[116,165,195,220],"significant":[117],"improvement":[118],"among":[122],"mean":[133],"total":[134],"NHS":[135,224],"costs":[136],"were":[137,156,164,184,219],"pound":[138,145,157,160],"635":[139],"for":[140,147],"group":[143,150,183],"456":[146],"(P=0.001).":[151,162],"months":[154,227],"figures":[155],"815":[158],"639":[161],"There":[163,193,218],"differences":[166],"between":[167],"groups":[169],"social":[173],"services":[174],"The":[178],"very":[185],"satisfied":[186],"worker":[190,236],"visits.":[191],"CONCLUSIONS:":[192],"benefit":[197],"additional":[199],"workers":[206],"compared":[207],"traditional":[209],"midwifery":[211],"visiting":[212],"SF-36.":[217],"savings":[221],"over":[225],"after":[228],"introduction":[230],"service.":[237]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":10}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}