{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2158736668","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01443610600747389","title":"The effects of parity, oral contraceptive use and hormone replacement therapy on the incidence of varicose veins","display_name":"The effects of parity, oral contraceptive use and hormone replacement therapy on the incidence of varicose veins","publication_year":2006,"publication_date":"2006-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2158736668","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01443610600747389","mag":"2158736668","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16846875"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1080/01443610600747389","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01443610600747389","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01443610600747389","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S35334646","display_name":"Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology","issn_l":"0144-3615","issn":["0144-3615","1364-6893"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","oarl","poland-40","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320449","host_organization_name":"Informa","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Informa"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034938388","display_name":"T. M. Jukkola","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I166825849","display_name":"Tampere University","ror":"https://ror.org/033003e23","country_code":"FI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I166825849"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4387153886","display_name":"University of Tampere","ror":"https://ror.org/05p6qqk79","country_code":"FI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I166825849","https://openalex.org/I4387153886"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"T. M. Jukkola","raw_affiliation_strings":["Tampere School of Public Health, Tampere University, Finland. jari.laurikka@pshp.fi","Tampere School of Public Health, Tampere University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tampere School of Public Health, Tampere University, Finland. jari.laurikka@pshp.fi","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I166825849","https://openalex.org/I4387153886"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tampere School of Public Health, Tampere University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I166825849","https://openalex.org/I4387153886"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059614967","display_name":"Liisa A. M\u00e4kivaara","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I166825849","display_name":"Tampere University","ror":"https://ror.org/033003e23","country_code":"FI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I166825849"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4387153886","display_name":"University of Tampere","ror":"https://ror.org/05p6qqk79","country_code":"FI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I166825849","https://openalex.org/I4387153886"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"L. A. M\u00e4kivaara","raw_affiliation_strings":["Tampere School of Public Health, Tampere University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tampere School of Public Health, Tampere University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I166825849","https://openalex.org/I4387153886"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012011647","display_name":"Tiina Hannele Luukkaala","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4636-9586","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4636-9586"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I166825849","display_name":"Tampere University","ror":"https://ror.org/033003e23","country_code":"FI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I166825849"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210126318","display_name":"Tampere University Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/02hvt5f17","country_code":"FI","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210126318"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4387153886","display_name":"University of Tampere","ror":"https://ror.org/05p6qqk79","country_code":"FI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I166825849","https://openalex.org/I4387153886"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"T. Luukkaala","raw_affiliation_strings":["Tampere School of Public Health, Tampere University; Research Unit, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland","Research Unit, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland","Tampere School of Public Health, Tampere University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tampere School of Public Health, Tampere University; Research Unit, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I166825849","https://openalex.org/I4210126318"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Research Unit, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210126318"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tampere School of Public Health, Tampere University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I166825849","https://openalex.org/I4387153886"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018656497","display_name":"Matti Hakama","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I166825849","display_name":"Tampere University","ror":"https://ror.org/033003e23","country_code":"FI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I166825849"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4387153886","display_name":"University of Tampere","ror":"https://ror.org/05p6qqk79","country_code":"FI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I166825849","https://openalex.org/I4387153886"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"M. Hakama","raw_affiliation_strings":["Tampere School of Public Health, Tampere University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tampere School of Public Health, Tampere University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I166825849","https://openalex.org/I4387153886"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001600698","display_name":"Jari Olavi Laurikka","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7253-6048","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7253-6048"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"J. Laurikka","raw_affiliation_strings":["Heart Center, Cardiothoracic Surgery"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Heart Center, Cardiothoracic Surgery","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5001600698"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":3265,"currency":"AUD","value_usd":2390},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.7243,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":27,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.71829693,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"26","issue":"5","first_page":"448","last_page":"451"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11453","display_name":"Diagnosis and Treatment of Venous Diseases","score":0.9951000213623047,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2746","display_name":"Surgery"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11453","display_name":"Diagnosis and Treatment of Venous Diseases","score":0.9951000213623047,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2746","display_name":"Surgery"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10285","display_name":"Venous Thromboembolism Diagnosis and Management","score":0.0007999999797903001,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2724","display_name":"Internal Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10694","display_name":"Menopause: Health Impacts and Treatments","score":0.0005000000237487257,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2712","display_name":"Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/varicose-veins","display_name":"varicose veins","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parity","display_name":"parity","score":0.984000027179718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/oral-contraceptives","display_name":"oral contraceptives","score":0.9259999990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hormone-replacement-therapy","display_name":"hormone replacement therapy","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pregnancy","display_name":"pregnancy","score":0.5839999914169312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/risk-factors","display_name":"risk factors","score":0.7260000109672546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/incidence","display_name":"incidence","score":0.656000018119812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/women-s-health","display_name":"women's health","score":0.6330000162124634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/venous-disease","display_name":"venous disease","score":0.6200000047683716}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.9521668553352356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777475103","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q201180","display_name":"Varicose veins","level":2,"score":0.9032477140426636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C156957248","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1862216","display_name":"Odds ratio","level":2,"score":0.7220139503479004},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777151079","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141160","display_name":"Parity (physics)","level":2,"score":0.6579040288925171},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44249647","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208498","display_name":"Confidence interval","level":2,"score":0.6489260196685791},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780159708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17003363","display_name":"Hormone replacement therapy (female-to-male)","level":3,"score":0.5287948250770569},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61511704","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1671857","display_name":"Incidence (geometry)","level":2,"score":0.5008177757263184},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C131872663","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5284418","display_name":"Obstetrics","level":1,"score":0.48483216762542725},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.44780150055885315},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29456083","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1221899","display_name":"Gynecology","level":1,"score":0.4476074278354645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141071460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q40821","display_name":"Surgery","level":1,"score":0.3065195679664612},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.25716835260391235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99454951","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q932068","display_name":"Environmental health","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C109214941","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18334","display_name":"Particle physics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779279991","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6058681","display_name":"Testosterone (patch)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003276","descriptor_name":"Contraceptives, Oral","qualifier_ui":"Q000009","qualifier_name":"adverse effects","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005387","descriptor_name":"Finland","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008875","descriptor_name":"Middle Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010298","descriptor_name":"Parity","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D011247","descriptor_name":"Pregnancy","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012307","descriptor_name":"Risk Factors","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014648","descriptor_name":"Varicose Veins","qualifier_ui":"Q000209","qualifier_name":"etiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D014648","descriptor_name":"Varicose Veins","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015914","descriptor_name":"Estrogen Replacement Therapy","qualifier_ui":"Q000009","qualifier_name":"adverse effects","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D015994","descriptor_name":"Incidence","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1080/01443610600747389","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01443610600747389","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01443610600747389","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S35334646","display_name":"Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology","issn_l":"0144-3615","issn":["0144-3615","1364-6893"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","oarl","poland-40","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320449","host_organization_name":"Informa","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Informa"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:16846875","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16846875","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of obstetrics and gynaecology : the journal of the Institute of Obstetrics and Gynaecology","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":1.0}],"study_designs":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study","display_name":"Observational Study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":19,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1981088832","https://openalex.org/W1988427696","https://openalex.org/W2005702203","https://openalex.org/W2025035273","https://openalex.org/W2035152843","https://openalex.org/W2046087512","https://openalex.org/W2048703211","https://openalex.org/W2093531191","https://openalex.org/W2094828057","https://openalex.org/W2107256754","https://openalex.org/W2107766028","https://openalex.org/W2126645769","https://openalex.org/W2128191051","https://openalex.org/W2130433285","https://openalex.org/W2158435241","https://openalex.org/W2171609261","https://openalex.org/W2400055742","https://openalex.org/W2416471839","https://openalex.org/W4322703218"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2035152843","https://openalex.org/W2142738216","https://openalex.org/W2112994933","https://openalex.org/W4301354191","https://openalex.org/W2166456531","https://openalex.org/W1966988719","https://openalex.org/W7097143778","https://openalex.org/W1981088832","https://openalex.org/W1545179064","https://openalex.org/W2060294108"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Three":[0],"population-based":[1],"age":[2,134],"cohorts":[3],"(40-,":[4],"50-":[5],"and":[6,50,88,98,135],"60-years":[7],"old)":[8],"of":[9,23,35,45,109,145],"women":[10],"(n":[11],"=":[12],"3,590)":[13],"were":[14,39],"followed":[15],"up":[16],"to":[17,101],"find":[18],"out":[19],"if":[20],"pregnancies,":[21],"use":[22,84,104,144],"oral":[24],"contraceptives":[25],"(OCs)":[26],"or":[27,63,147],"hormone":[28],"replacement":[29],"therapy":[30],"(HRT)":[31],"affect":[32],"the":[33,57,120,122,152],"appearance":[34],"varicose":[36,72,94,110,141],"veins.":[37,142],"Results":[38],"presented":[40],"as":[41,51],"odds":[42,53],"ratios":[43,54],"(OR)":[44],"prevalences":[46],"at":[47],"entry":[48],"(POR)":[49],"incidence":[52],"(IOR)":[55],"during":[56],"5-year":[58],"follow-up.":[59],"Parity":[60],"with":[61,112],"three":[62],"more":[64],"births":[65],"was":[66],"an":[67,106],"independent":[68],"risk":[69,108],"factor":[70],"for":[71,93,140],"veins":[73],"IOR":[74,99,125],"2.0":[75],"(95%":[76],"confidence":[77],"interval":[78],"(CI),":[79],"1.0":[80,126],"-":[81,116,128],"3.9).":[82],"OC":[83],"showed":[85],"a":[86,131],"small":[87],"not":[89,150],"significant":[90],"protective":[91],"effect":[92,123],"veins,":[95,111],"both":[96],"POR":[97,113],"equal":[100],"0.9.":[102],"HRT":[103,146],"indicated":[105],"increased":[107],"1.3":[114],"(1.0":[115],"1.7),":[117],"but":[118],"in":[119],"follow-up,":[121],"disappeared,":[124],"(0.5":[127],"1.9).":[129],"As":[130],"conclusion,":[132],"higher":[133],"high":[136],"parity":[137],"are":[138],"characteristic":[139],"The":[143],"OCs":[148],"do":[149],"increase":[151],"risk.":[153]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
