{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2158683061","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1001/archneur.64.6.862","title":"Neuropsychological Measures in Normal Individuals That Predict Subsequent Cognitive Decline","display_name":"Neuropsychological Measures in Normal Individuals That Predict Subsequent Cognitive Decline","publication_year":2007,"publication_date":"2007-06-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2158683061","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1001/archneur.64.6.862","mag":"2158683061","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17562935"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1001/archneur.64.6.862","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1001/archneur.64.6.862","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1001/archneur.64.6.862","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210230857","display_name":"Archives of Neurology","issn_l":"0003-9942","issn":["0003-9942","1538-3687"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320259","host_organization_name":"American Medical Association","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320259"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Medical Association"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Archives of Neurology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006645872","display_name":"Deborah Blacker","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6107-7376","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6107-7376"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I136199984","display_name":"Harvard University","ror":"https://ror.org/03vek6s52","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210087915","display_name":"Massachusetts General Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/002pd6e78","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210087915","https://openalex.org/I48633490"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Deborah Blacker","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I136199984","https://openalex.org/I4210087915"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101909011","display_name":"Hang Lee","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3498-236X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3498-236X"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hang Lee","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013091949","display_name":"Alona Muzikansky","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7585-8181","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7585-8181"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alona Muzikansky","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102747029","display_name":"Emily C. Martin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2011-3905","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2011-3905"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Emily C. Martin","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050004777","display_name":"Rudolph E. Tanzi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7032-1454","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7032-1454"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rudolph Tanzi","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5104053243","display_name":"John J. McArdle","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"John J. McArdle","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053743388","display_name":"Mark B. Moss","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7330-3836","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7330-3836"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mark Moss","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023514892","display_name":"Marilyn Albert","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8167-8985","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8167-8985"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Marilyn Albert","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":12.0571,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":261,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99152138,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"64","issue":"6","first_page":"862","last_page":"862"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10009","display_name":"Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2738","display_name":"Psychiatry and Mental health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10009","display_name":"Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2738","display_name":"Psychiatry and Mental health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13077","display_name":"Cancer-related cognitive impairment studies","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2740","display_name":"Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10086","display_name":"Alzheimer's disease research and treatments","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2737","display_name":"Physiology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognitive-decline","display_name":"cognitive decline","score":0.8889999985694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mild-cognitive-impairment","display_name":"mild cognitive impairment","score":0.8379999995231628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/alzheimer-s-disease","display_name":"Alzheimer's disease","score":0.8790000081062317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/episodic-memory","display_name":"episodic memory","score":0.9309999942779541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/executive-function","display_name":"executive function","score":0.9950000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/apoe-epsilon4","display_name":"APOE \u03b54","score":0.9929999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/california-verbal-learning-test","display_name":"California Verbal Learning Test","score":0.8240000009536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/trail-making-test","display_name":"Trail Making Test","score":0.9160000085830688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/normal-cognition","display_name":"normal cognition","score":0.48100000619888306}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14216870","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3872","display_name":"Neuropsychology","level":3,"score":0.6137781143188477},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207103383","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3930246","display_name":"Hazard ratio","level":3,"score":0.5920141935348511},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169900460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2200417","display_name":"Cognition","level":2,"score":0.5389050245285034},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.5275760889053345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C502032728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11081","display_name":"Alzheimer's disease","level":3,"score":0.4806077182292938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C88576662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18646","display_name":"Episodic memory","level":3,"score":0.4691148102283478},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776811091","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3818443","display_name":"Neuropsychological test","level":4,"score":0.468497097492218},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2994444459","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133500","display_name":"Verbal learning","level":3,"score":0.4197292625904083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50382708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q223218","display_name":"Proportional hazards model","level":2,"score":0.411997526884079},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.38338470458984375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.3832882344722748},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C548259974","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q569965","display_name":"Audiology","level":1,"score":0.352202445268631},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779134260","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12136","display_name":"Disease","level":2,"score":0.31393367052078247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118552586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7867","display_name":"Psychiatry","level":1,"score":0.2895961403846741},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44249647","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208498","display_name":"Confidence interval","level":2,"score":0.20052817463874817}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000368","descriptor_name":"Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000483","descriptor_name":"Alleles","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003072","descriptor_name":"Cognition Disorders","qualifier_ui":"Q000209","qualifier_name":"etiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003072","descriptor_name":"Cognition Disorders","qualifier_ui":"Q000235","qualifier_name":"genetics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003072","descriptor_name":"Cognition Disorders","qualifier_ui":"Q000517","qualifier_name":"prevention & control","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005500","descriptor_name":"Follow-Up Studies","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006579","descriptor_name":"Heterozygote","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008875","descriptor_name":"Middle Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009483","descriptor_name":"Neuropsychological Tests","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D011237","descriptor_name":"Predictive Value of Tests","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011939","descriptor_name":"Mental Recall","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012016","descriptor_name":"Reference Values","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013997","descriptor_name":"Time Factors","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D018570","descriptor_name":"Risk Assessment","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D018628","descriptor_name":"Gene Dosage","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D053327","descriptor_name":"Apolipoprotein E4","qualifier_ui":"Q000235","qualifier_name":"genetics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D053329","descriptor_name":"Apolipoprotein E2","qualifier_ui":"Q000097","qualifier_name":"blood","is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1001/archneur.64.6.862","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1001/archneur.64.6.862","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1001/archneur.64.6.862","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210230857","display_name":"Archives of Neurology","issn_l":"0003-9942","issn":["0003-9942","1538-3687"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320259","host_organization_name":"American Medical Association","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320259"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Medical Association"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Archives of Neurology","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:17562935","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17562935","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Archives of neurology","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.9922999739646912,"display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","score":0.6600000262260437,"display_name":"Quality education"}],"study_designs":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study","display_name":"Observational Study"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7103205595","display_name":"Johns Hopkins Alzheimer's Disease Research Center","funder_award_id":"P50AG005146","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337337","funder_display_name":"National Institute on Aging"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8861786285","display_name":"Age-related changes of cognition in health and disease","funder_award_id":"P01AG004953","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337337","funder_display_name":"National Institute on Aging"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337337","display_name":"National Institute on Aging","ror":"https://ror.org/049v75w11"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":58,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W57510132","https://openalex.org/W111949188","https://openalex.org/W1584384737","https://openalex.org/W1847168837","https://openalex.org/W1982063639","https://openalex.org/W1984283611","https://openalex.org/W1991952617","https://openalex.org/W1992974274","https://openalex.org/W1994496472","https://openalex.org/W1996440065","https://openalex.org/W1996808592","https://openalex.org/W1999631936","https://openalex.org/W2000555003","https://openalex.org/W2010528085","https://openalex.org/W2025290060","https://openalex.org/W2027467488","https://openalex.org/W2028436804","https://openalex.org/W2031655994","https://openalex.org/W2034948055","https://openalex.org/W2036581205","https://openalex.org/W2040073110","https://openalex.org/W2055101973","https://openalex.org/W2056739376","https://openalex.org/W2057134078","https://openalex.org/W2069655646","https://openalex.org/W2075464796","https://openalex.org/W2090271811","https://openalex.org/W2100203459","https://openalex.org/W2102544039","https://openalex.org/W2103126689","https://openalex.org/W2104850453","https://openalex.org/W2104934386","https://openalex.org/W2106600955","https://openalex.org/W2107820540","https://openalex.org/W2109301184","https://openalex.org/W2111774300","https://openalex.org/W2112150247","https://openalex.org/W2115077024","https://openalex.org/W2121333382","https://openalex.org/W2125887218","https://openalex.org/W2126974689","https://openalex.org/W2135771073","https://openalex.org/W2136250824","https://openalex.org/W2152522852","https://openalex.org/W2156220037","https://openalex.org/W2157299685","https://openalex.org/W2159122349","https://openalex.org/W2159529587","https://openalex.org/W2161360439","https://openalex.org/W2169976721","https://openalex.org/W2331908321","https://openalex.org/W2912009534","https://openalex.org/W2990335294","https://openalex.org/W4210821588","https://openalex.org/W4244474297","https://openalex.org/W4246754548","https://openalex.org/W4247238245","https://openalex.org/W4299613970"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2057187353","https://openalex.org/W2048964830","https://openalex.org/W2030989440","https://openalex.org/W2096486162","https://openalex.org/W2072691846","https://openalex.org/W2342279915","https://openalex.org/W1996349037","https://openalex.org/W2036732840","https://openalex.org/W2091775763","https://openalex.org/W2020411164"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"OBJECTIVE:":[0],"To":[1],"examine":[2],"neuropsychological":[3,22,45],"measures":[4,46],"among":[5,142,305,328],"normal":[6,55,94,111,135,306,329],"individuals":[7,90,97,168,191,271,307],"that":[8,49],"predict":[9],"time":[10,51,64,117,189,218,256,309,342],"to":[11,42,52,57,65,70,108,113,118,123,136,184,219,224,257,310,312,343,348],"subsequent":[12],"cognitive":[13,100,186,326],"decline.":[14],"DESIGN:":[15],"Cognitive":[16],"performance,":[17],"as":[18],"measured":[19],"by":[20],"6":[21],"tests,":[23],"was":[24,139,292],"examined":[25,63,80],"at":[26,47,81,102,171],"baseline.":[27,103],"Participants":[28],"were":[29,40,92,181,214],"followed":[30],"up":[31],"for":[32,155,198,234,250,282],"approximately":[33],"5":[34],"years.":[35],"Cox":[36],"proportional":[37],"hazards":[38],"models":[39],"used":[41],"evaluate":[43],"the":[44,160,176,255,262,275,296],"baseline":[48],"predicted":[50],"progression":[53,66,109,119,220,311,344],"from":[54,67,110,120,134,221,345],"cognition":[56,112],"mild":[58,68,99,114,121,137,222,273,313,346],"impairment.":[59],"Comparable":[60],"data":[61],"also":[62],"impairment":[69,101,115,122,138,223,314,347],"a":[71,82,124,156,225,235,251,286,349],"diagnosis":[72,125,227,351],"of":[73,126,132,149,175,200,207,217,228,261,298,325,332,341,352],"Alzheimer":[74,127,229,283,353],"disease.":[75,128,354],"SETTING:":[76],"Community":[77],"volunteer-based":[78],"sample":[79],"medical":[83],"institution.":[84],"PARTICIPANTS:":[85],"One":[86],"hundred":[87],"and":[88,95,116,211,336],"seven":[89],"who":[91,169],"cognitively":[93],"235":[96],"with":[98,144,192,272,322],"MAIN":[104],"OUTCOME":[105],"MEASURES:":[106],"Time":[107],"RESULTS:":[129],"The":[130],"risk":[131,281,324],"progressing":[133],"considerably":[140],"greater":[141],"those":[143],"lower":[145,323],"scores":[146],"on":[147],"tests":[148],"episodic":[150,209,334],"memory":[151,210,303,335],"(eg,":[152,231],"hazard":[153,232,248],"ratio":[154,197,233,249],"1-SD":[157,236,252],"decrease":[158,237],"in":[159,238,254,285],"California":[161,239],"Verbal":[162,240],"Learning":[163,241],"Test,":[164],"0.55;":[165],"P<.001).":[166],"Normal":[167],"carried":[170],"least":[172],"1":[173],"copy":[174],"apolipoprotein":[177,276,316],"E":[178,277,317],"epsilon2":[179,194,318],"allele":[180,195,279],"less":[182],"likely":[183],"develop":[185],"impairments":[187],"over":[188],"than":[190],"no":[193],"(hazard":[196],"presence":[199],"allele,":[201],"0.13;":[202],"P":[203,245,267],"=":[204,246,268],".006).":[205],"Measures":[206],"both":[208,333],"executive":[212,337],"function":[213,338],"significant":[215,294],"predictors":[216,340],"clinical":[226,350],"disease":[230,284],"Test":[242],"score,":[243],"0.67;":[244],".005;":[247],"increase":[253],"complete":[258],"part":[259],"B":[260],"Trail":[263],"Making":[264],"test,":[265],"1.40;":[266],".007).":[269],"Among":[270],"impairments,":[274],"epsilon4":[278],"increased":[280],"dose-dependent":[287],"manner;":[288],"however,":[289],"this":[290],"effect":[291],"not":[293],"within":[295],"context":[297],"multivariable":[299],"models.":[300],"CONCLUSIONS:":[301],"Episodic":[302],"performance":[304],"predicts":[308],"while":[315],"status":[319],"is":[320],"associated":[321],"decline":[327],"individuals.":[330],"Tests":[331],"are":[339]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":22},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":22},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":16}],"updated_date":"2026-11-01T11:40:01.658920","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}