{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2158473576","doi":null,"title":"Distinction of partially purified human natural killer cytotoxic factor from recombinant human tumor necrosis factor and recombinant human lymphotoxin.","display_name":"Distinction of partially purified human natural killer cytotoxic factor from recombinant human tumor necrosis factor and recombinant human lymphotoxin.","publication_year":1988,"publication_date":"1988-02-15","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2158473576","mag":"2158473576","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3257413"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmid:3257413","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3257413","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Cancer research","raw_type":"Journal Article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089790101","display_name":"Tammo Bialas","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1334819555","display_name":"Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center","ror":"https://ror.org/02yrq0923","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1334819555"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"T Bialas","raw_affiliation_strings":["Laboratory of Cytokine Biology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10021"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Laboratory of Cytokine Biology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10021","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1334819555"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069208658","display_name":"Jonathan E. Kolitz","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2700-4784","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2700-4784"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"J Kolitz","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111975768","display_name":"Ester Levi","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"E Levi","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030562121","display_name":"A Polivka","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"A Polivka","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111529699","display_name":"Sadik Oez","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"S Oez","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"G Miller","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"G Miller","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012976716","display_name":"Karl Welte","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5178-3074","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5178-3074"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"K Welte","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.4607,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":12,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.81525782,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"48","issue":"4","first_page":"891","last_page":"8"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11020","display_name":"Immune Cell Function and Interaction","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2403","display_name":"Immunology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/24","display_name":"Immunology and Microbiology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11020","display_name":"Immune Cell Function and Interaction","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2403","display_name":"Immunology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/24","display_name":"Immunology and Microbiology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11510","display_name":"Reproductive System and Pregnancy","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2403","display_name":"Immunology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/24","display_name":"Immunology and Microbiology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11313","display_name":"Immune cells in cancer","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2403","display_name":"Immunology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/24","display_name":"Immunology and Microbiology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-killer-cells","display_name":"natural killer cells","score":0.7960000038146973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tnf-alpha","display_name":"TNF-\u03b1","score":0.949999988079071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tumor-necrosis-factor-beta","display_name":"lymphotoxin","score":0.9890000224113464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nk-cell-cytotoxicity","display_name":"NK cell cytotoxicity","score":0.7910000085830688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/k562-cells","display_name":"K562 cells","score":0.7480000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/l929-fibroblasts","display_name":"L929 fibroblasts","score":0.7929999828338623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lymphokine-activated-killer-cells","display_name":"lymphokine-activated killer cells","score":0.902999997138977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nk-cell-resistance","display_name":"NK cell resistance","score":0.4399999976158142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/molecular-weight-distribution","display_name":"molecular weight distribution","score":0.41600000858306885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/target-specificity","display_name":"target specificity","score":0.36899998784065247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chromium-release-assay","display_name":"chromium release assay","score":0.4869999885559082}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61879462","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q24774130","display_name":"Lymphotoxin","level":3,"score":0.9581111669540405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154317977","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q376266","display_name":"Cytotoxic T cell","level":3,"score":0.744769275188446},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.678076982498169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17991360","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21173843","display_name":"Tumor necrosis factor alpha","level":2,"score":0.5924128293991089},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49382859","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q286498","display_name":"Lymphokine","level":3,"score":0.5342008471488953},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153911025","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7202","display_name":"Molecular biology","level":1,"score":0.5049691796302795},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28651165","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4259786","display_name":"Lymphokine-activated killer cell","level":5,"score":0.4994800090789795},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778102761","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q332181","display_name":"Natural killer cell","level":4,"score":0.48541387915611267},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203014093","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101929","display_name":"Immunology","level":1,"score":0.455240935087204},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40767141","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q285697","display_name":"Recombinant DNA","level":3,"score":0.441888689994812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81885089","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189082","display_name":"Cell culture","level":2,"score":0.4293246865272522},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73588182","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2663023","display_name":"Cytolysis","level":4,"score":0.41235843300819397},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149532602","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2409681","display_name":"Interleukin 12","level":4,"score":0.21411651372909546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8891405","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1059","display_name":"Immune system","level":2,"score":0.20025905966758728},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202751555","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q221681","display_name":"In vitro","level":2,"score":0.19893404841423035},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.12928330898284912},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54355233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162","display_name":"Genetics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D002460","descriptor_name":"Cell Line","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003601","descriptor_name":"Cytotoxicity Tests, Immunologic","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003602","descriptor_name":"Cytotoxicity, Immunologic","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D004305","descriptor_name":"Dose-Response Relationship, Drug","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007370","descriptor_name":"Interferon Type I","qualifier_ui":"Q000276","qualifier_name":"immunology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007376","descriptor_name":"Interleukin-2","qualifier_ui":"Q000276","qualifier_name":"immunology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007694","descriptor_name":"Killer Cells, Natural","qualifier_ui":"Q000276","qualifier_name":"immunology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008233","descriptor_name":"Lymphotoxin-alpha","qualifier_ui":"Q000276","qualifier_name":"immunology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D009500","descriptor_name":"Neutralization Tests","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011506","descriptor_name":"Proteins","qualifier_ui":"Q000276","qualifier_name":"immunology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D011506","descriptor_name":"Proteins","qualifier_ui":"Q000302","qualifier_name":"isolation & purification","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011994","descriptor_name":"Recombinant Proteins","qualifier_ui":"Q000276","qualifier_name":"immunology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D014409","descriptor_name":"Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha","qualifier_ui":"Q000276","qualifier_name":"immunology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D055646","descriptor_name":"Killer Factors, Yeast","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"pmid:3257413","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3257413","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Cancer research","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"mag:2158473576","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3257413","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"PubMed","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.9391000270843506}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":44,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W71061451","https://openalex.org/W1483474100","https://openalex.org/W1484112158","https://openalex.org/W1484553440","https://openalex.org/W1499361606","https://openalex.org/W1517481600","https://openalex.org/W1518220185","https://openalex.org/W1549533251","https://openalex.org/W1602891624","https://openalex.org/W1619723454","https://openalex.org/W1629982671","https://openalex.org/W1777917158","https://openalex.org/W1869022915","https://openalex.org/W1938194695","https://openalex.org/W1969746584","https://openalex.org/W1973579019","https://openalex.org/W1980729641","https://openalex.org/W1989783048","https://openalex.org/W1990091107","https://openalex.org/W1999237928","https://openalex.org/W1999809843","https://openalex.org/W2006127938","https://openalex.org/W2045623140","https://openalex.org/W2054914586","https://openalex.org/W2070505242","https://openalex.org/W2071194451","https://openalex.org/W2072663421","https://openalex.org/W2077953087","https://openalex.org/W2081563161","https://openalex.org/W2090603339","https://openalex.org/W2094839550","https://openalex.org/W2101755459","https://openalex.org/W2105111413","https://openalex.org/W2114918609","https://openalex.org/W2133522044","https://openalex.org/W2152422758","https://openalex.org/W2161082695","https://openalex.org/W2178740741","https://openalex.org/W2282755628","https://openalex.org/W2295246103","https://openalex.org/W2396002081","https://openalex.org/W2415026096","https://openalex.org/W2415819673","https://openalex.org/W2419646078"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1619723454","https://openalex.org/W71061451","https://openalex.org/W4239559171","https://openalex.org/W1782255254","https://openalex.org/W4238400499","https://openalex.org/W1869022915","https://openalex.org/W1483375448","https://openalex.org/W204398796","https://openalex.org/W1494937256","https://openalex.org/W2080176128"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Natural":[0],"killer":[1,13,180],"cell":[2,129,181,193],"cytotoxic":[3,7,60,143],"factor":[4,8],"(NKCF),":[5],"a":[6,120,146],"contributing":[9],"to":[10,48,72,89,220],"human":[11,78,82],"natural":[12],"cell-mediated":[14],"cytotoxicity,":[15],"was":[16,27,159],"generated":[17],"from":[18,75,214],"lymphocyte-conditioned":[19],"medium":[20],"using":[21,151],"various":[22],"stimuli.":[23],"Crude":[24],"NKCF":[25,39,86,162,173,209],"activity":[26,61],"concentrated,":[28],"and":[29,36,53,62,80,94,115,178,189,216],"partially":[30,67],"purified":[31,68],"by":[32],"ammonium":[33],"sulfate":[34],"precipitation":[35],"gel":[37],"filtration.":[38],"activities":[40],"eluted":[41],"as":[42,156],"two":[43],"molecular":[44,171],"weight":[45,172],"peaks,":[46],"corresponding":[47],"Mr":[49,55],"33,000-43,000":[50],"(pool":[51,57,163,174],"I)":[52],"approximately":[54],"5,000":[56],"II).":[58],"The":[59],"target":[63,110,187],"specificity":[64],"of":[65,92,107,141,204],"the":[66,85,108,124,139,185,190,202],"NKCFs":[69,102],"were":[70,117,198],"found":[71],"be":[73,212],"different":[74],"both":[76,101,183],"recombinant":[77,81],"TNF":[79,93,114,215],"lymphotoxin.":[83],"In":[84,112,137],"assay,":[87],"up":[88],"10(6)":[90],"units/ml":[91],"lymphotoxin":[95,116,217],"had":[96],"virtually":[97],"no":[98],"effect,":[99],"whereas":[100],"lysed":[103],"22%":[104],"(range":[105],"17-33%)":[106],"NK-sensitive":[109,186],"K562.":[111],"contrast,":[113],"active":[118],"in":[119,131,145,201],"standard":[121],"assay":[122,150],"against":[123,184,207],"sensitive":[125],"murine":[126],"L929":[127],"fibroblast":[128],"line":[130,194],"all":[132],"concentrations":[133],"tested":[134],"(10(-1)-10(6)":[135],"units/ml).":[136],"addition,":[138],"effect":[140],"these":[142],"factors":[144],"short-term":[147],"(4-h)":[148],"chromium-release":[149],"peripheral":[152],"blood":[153],"mononuclear":[154],"cells":[155,158],"effector":[157],"tested:":[160],"only":[161],"I),":[164],"but":[165],"not":[166,199],"TNF,":[167],"lymphotoxin,":[168],"or":[169],"low":[170],"II),":[175],"enhanced":[176],"NK":[177],"lymphokine-activated":[179],"cytolysis,":[182],"K562":[188],"NK-resistant":[191],"melanoma":[192],"SK-MEL":[195],"30.":[196],"Results":[197],"affected":[200],"presence":[203],"neutralizing":[205],"antibodies":[206],"TNF.":[208],"could,":[210],"therefore,":[211],"distinguished":[213],"with":[218],"respect":[219],"their":[221],"biological":[222],"activities.":[223]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-10-31T12:09:11.096373","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}