{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2158258445","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s1744552309005023","title":"Why do judges talk the way they do?","display_name":"Why do judges talk the way they do?","publication_year":2009,"publication_date":"2009-03-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2158258445","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s1744552309005023","mag":"2158258445"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1017/s1744552309005023","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s1744552309005023","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s1744552309005023","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S53946526","display_name":"International Journal of Law in Context","issn_l":"1744-5523","issn":["1744-5523","1744-5531"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","erih-plus","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311721","host_organization_name":"Cambridge University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311721","https://openalex.org/P4310311702"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cambridge University Press","University of Cambridge"],"type":"journal"},"license":"public-domain","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/public-domain","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Law in Context","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004793023","display_name":"Richard Nobles","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I166337079","display_name":"Queen Mary University of London","ror":"https://ror.org/026zzn846","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I166337079"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Richard Nobles","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Law, Queen Mary, University of London"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Law, Queen Mary, University of London","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I166337079"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088384310","display_name":"David Schiff","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1561-9220","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1561-9220"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I166337079","display_name":"Queen Mary University of London","ror":"https://ror.org/026zzn846","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I166337079"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"David Schiff","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Law, Queen Mary, University of London"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Law, Queen Mary, University of London","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I166337079"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I166337079"],"apc_list":{"value":3550,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3550},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":7,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.36172821,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":"5","issue":"1","first_page":"25","last_page":"49"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14013","display_name":"Legal Language and Interpretation","score":0.6406000256538391,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3308","display_name":"Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14013","display_name":"Legal Language and Interpretation","score":0.6406000256538391,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3308","display_name":"Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12332","display_name":"Comparative constitutional jurisprudence studies","score":0.19040000438690186,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10802","display_name":"Judicial and Constitutional Studies","score":0.0502999983727932,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3308","display_name":"Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/judicial-discourse","display_name":"judicial discourse","score":0.9010000228881836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/legal-communication","display_name":"legal communication","score":0.5889999866485596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linguistic-philosophy","display_name":"linguistic philosophy","score":0.8569999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/communication-theory","display_name":"communication theory","score":0.7960000038146973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/niklas-luhmann","display_name":"Niklas Luhmann","score":0.8600000143051147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/systems-theory","display_name":"systems theory","score":0.800000011920929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/redundancy","display_name":"redundancy","score":0.9520000219345093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/legal-discretion","display_name":"legal discretion","score":0.6110000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/judicial-language","display_name":"judicial language","score":0.45399999618530273}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71043370","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4932206","display_name":"Jurisprudence","level":2,"score":0.7332763671875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780876879","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3054749","display_name":"Meaning (existential)","level":2,"score":0.5870065689086914},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C200113983","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q48324","display_name":"Morality","level":2,"score":0.581201434135437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.554279625415802},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777632292","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q315515","display_name":"Discretion","level":2,"score":0.5534826517105103},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.5369157195091248},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C152124472","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1204361","display_name":"Redundancy (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.5180383324623108},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.46543943881988525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171460291","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3400787","display_name":"Judicial discretion","level":3,"score":0.46255603432655334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3716254","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83966","display_name":"Communication theory","level":2,"score":0.44032400846481323},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190253527","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q295354","display_name":"Law and economics","level":1,"score":0.41773465275764465},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.34920430183410645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48764862","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q898871","display_name":"Judicial review","level":2,"score":0.17376592755317688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.1555858552455902},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.14191165566444397},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46312422","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11024","display_name":"Communication","level":1,"score":0.06506329774856567},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1017/s1744552309005023","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s1744552309005023","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s1744552309005023","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S53946526","display_name":"International Journal of Law in Context","issn_l":"1744-5523","issn":["1744-5523","1744-5531"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","erih-plus","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311721","host_organization_name":"Cambridge University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311721","https://openalex.org/P4310311702"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cambridge University Press","University of Cambridge"],"type":"journal"},"license":"public-domain","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/public-domain","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Law in Context","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions","score":0.7297000288963318,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":54,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W6391564","https://openalex.org/W63992797","https://openalex.org/W222880670","https://openalex.org/W378472968","https://openalex.org/W561817843","https://openalex.org/W573460479","https://openalex.org/W598384894","https://openalex.org/W633467248","https://openalex.org/W634785359","https://openalex.org/W1485863650","https://openalex.org/W1493661818","https://openalex.org/W1507034046","https://openalex.org/W1513750353","https://openalex.org/W1568392343","https://openalex.org/W1572762471","https://openalex.org/W1581167081","https://openalex.org/W1595012795","https://openalex.org/W1850877055","https://openalex.org/W1965206990","https://openalex.org/W1969124744","https://openalex.org/W1994963083","https://openalex.org/W2012226194","https://openalex.org/W2016826192","https://openalex.org/W2026838244","https://openalex.org/W2034750872","https://openalex.org/W2035902442","https://openalex.org/W2060614618","https://openalex.org/W2067769011","https://openalex.org/W2077824840","https://openalex.org/W2088211885","https://openalex.org/W2117321267","https://openalex.org/W2129986121","https://openalex.org/W2142947219","https://openalex.org/W2166115596","https://openalex.org/W2322352803","https://openalex.org/W2323869853","https://openalex.org/W2415562224","https://openalex.org/W2493618243","https://openalex.org/W2505970315","https://openalex.org/W2795492215","https://openalex.org/W2802154012","https://openalex.org/W2802756270","https://openalex.org/W3123212178","https://openalex.org/W3169314969","https://openalex.org/W4206936676","https://openalex.org/W4207072410","https://openalex.org/W4231026878","https://openalex.org/W4253759836","https://openalex.org/W4255063073","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W4292900710","https://openalex.org/W4296141068","https://openalex.org/W4301913823","https://openalex.org/W4302921367"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4409174197","https://openalex.org/W1850877055","https://openalex.org/W3184521652","https://openalex.org/W644754497","https://openalex.org/W3208335160","https://openalex.org/W4230141190","https://openalex.org/W2616097956","https://openalex.org/W4236371389","https://openalex.org/W4252747873","https://openalex.org/W2810797963"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"Hartian":[1],"tradition":[2],"of":[3,26,40,45,54,57,70,77,120,138,147],"jurisprudence":[4],"utilises":[5],"linguistic":[6],"philosophy":[7],"to":[8,20,51,93,110,123],"examine":[9],"legal":[10,27,30,94,113],"communications,":[11],"most":[12],"particularly":[13],"those":[14],"made":[15],"by":[16,35],"judges,":[17],"and":[18,37,87,99,131,140],"seeks":[19],"reach":[21],"conclusions":[22],"about":[23,144],"the":[24,32,43,55,68,89,118,145],"commitment":[25],"actors":[28,95,107],"towards":[29],"systems,":[31],"part":[33],"played":[34],"morality,":[36],"what":[38],"aspects":[39],"law":[41],"involve":[42],"exercise":[44],"discretion.":[46],"But":[47],"this":[48],"approach":[49],"fails":[50],"take":[52],"account":[53],"nature":[56,146],"communication":[58,71,90],"within":[59],"modern":[60],"society.":[61],"If":[62],"one":[63,103,115],"approaches":[64],"these":[65,121],"issues":[66],"through":[67],"application":[69],"theory,":[72],"applying":[73],"Niklas":[74],"Luhmann\u2019s":[75],"concept":[76],"redundancy,":[78],"our":[79,136],"understanding":[80,137],"alters":[81],"radically.":[82],"Systems":[83],"theory":[84],"explains":[85],"how":[86],"why":[88],"resources":[91],"available":[92],"are":[96],"both":[97],"limited":[98],"system":[100],"specific.":[101],"Whilst":[102],"can":[104],"accept":[105],"that":[106],"use":[108],"communications":[109,122],"achieve":[111],"particular":[112],"operations,":[114],"cannot":[116],"attribute":[117],"meaning":[119],"their":[124],"intentions,":[125],"motivations":[126],"or":[127],"commitments.":[128],"This":[129],"conclusion":[130],"reasons":[132],"for":[133],"it":[134],"change":[135],"long-standing":[139],"unresolved":[141],"jurisprudential":[142],"debates":[143],"judicial":[148],"discourse.":[149]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}