{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2158223276","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1068/p250505","title":"Temporal-Contrast Discrimination and its Neural Correlates","display_name":"Temporal-Contrast Discrimination and its Neural Correlates","publication_year":1996,"publication_date":"1996-05-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2158223276","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1068/p250505","mag":"2158223276","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8865294"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1068/p250505","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1068/p250505","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1068/p250505","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S58778951","display_name":"Perception","issn_l":"0301-0066","issn":["0301-0066","1468-4233"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-c","doyens","erih-plus","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-3","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Perception","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100454797","display_name":"Yue Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7325-1845","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7325-1845"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I44461941","display_name":"University of Houston","ror":"https://ror.org/048sx0r50","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I44461941"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yue Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Optometry, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204-6052, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Optometry, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204-6052, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I44461941"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111535212","display_name":"Harold E. Bedell","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I44461941","display_name":"University of Houston","ror":"https://ror.org/048sx0r50","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I44461941"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Harold E Bedell","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Optometry, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204-6052, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Optometry, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204-6052, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I44461941"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074824430","display_name":"Laura J. Frishman","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4226-5109","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4226-5109"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I44461941","display_name":"University of Houston","ror":"https://ror.org/048sx0r50","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I44461941"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Laura J Frishman","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Optometry, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204-6052, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Optometry, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204-6052, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I44461941"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5111535212"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I44461941"],"apc_list":{"value":3650,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3650},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.6805,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":10,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.6994739,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"25","issue":"5","first_page":"505","last_page":"522"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10427","display_name":"Visual perception and processing mechanisms","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10427","display_name":"Visual perception and processing mechanisms","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12032","display_name":"Multisensory perception and integration","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11094","display_name":"Face Recognition and Perception","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/temporal-frequency","display_name":"temporal frequency","score":0.6439999938011169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/magnocellular-pathway","display_name":"magnocellular pathway","score":0.9739999771118164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parvocellular-pathway","display_name":"parvocellular pathway","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neural-simulation","display_name":"neural simulation","score":0.5379999876022339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/contrast-response-function","display_name":"contrast response function","score":0.8960000276565552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/weber-s-law","display_name":"Weber's law","score":0.7739999890327454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/square-root-law","display_name":"square root law","score":0.9409999847412109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human-visual-system","display_name":"human visual system","score":0.675000011920929}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121731113","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7141373","display_name":"Parvocellular cell","level":3,"score":0.9585880041122437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776502983","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q690182","display_name":"Contrast (vision)","level":2,"score":0.705611526966095},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779918689","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3771842","display_name":"Stimulus (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.6326751708984375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15123163","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q500096","display_name":"Psychophysics","level":3,"score":0.5371947884559631},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100921725","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1650811","display_name":"Spatial frequency","level":2,"score":0.5085867643356323},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.4120532274246216},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.3578653037548065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.3226773142814636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.24947082996368408},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.22082939743995667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180747234","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23373","display_name":"Cognitive psychology","level":1,"score":0.15177175402641296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26760741","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160402","display_name":"Perception","level":2,"score":0.14284920692443848},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C529278444","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47273","display_name":"Central nervous system","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004193","descriptor_name":"Discrimination Learning","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011601","descriptor_name":"Psychophysics","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012684","descriptor_name":"Sensory Thresholds","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013998","descriptor_name":"Time Perception","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D014795","descriptor_name":"Visual Pathways","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014796","descriptor_name":"Visual Perception","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D015350","descriptor_name":"Contrast Sensitivity","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1068/p250505","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1068/p250505","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1068/p250505","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S58778951","display_name":"Perception","issn_l":"0301-0066","issn":["0301-0066","1468-4233"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-c","doyens","erih-plus","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-3","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Perception","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:8865294","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8865294","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Perception","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2135443574","display_name":"Proximal retinal responses and the ERG","funder_award_id":"R01EY006671","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337350","funder_display_name":"National Eye Institute"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3475632774","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"EY07024","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337350","funder_display_name":"National Eye Institute"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7298570966","display_name":"Preceptual Stability and Nystagmus","funder_award_id":"R01EY005068","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337350","funder_display_name":"National Eye Institute"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8256330886","display_name":"Training Program with Universitiy of Houston","funder_award_id":"T32EY007024","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337350","funder_display_name":"National Eye Institute"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337350","display_name":"National Eye Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/03wkg3b53"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":31,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1634619498","https://openalex.org/W1935100701","https://openalex.org/W1968661899","https://openalex.org/W1969958011","https://openalex.org/W1970375838","https://openalex.org/W1992430091","https://openalex.org/W1996822428","https://openalex.org/W2003714562","https://openalex.org/W2008574884","https://openalex.org/W2009581014","https://openalex.org/W2013239224","https://openalex.org/W2017623030","https://openalex.org/W2028208382","https://openalex.org/W2028954909","https://openalex.org/W2029037951","https://openalex.org/W2037616194","https://openalex.org/W2044623927","https://openalex.org/W2048519428","https://openalex.org/W2049096915","https://openalex.org/W2059376746","https://openalex.org/W2070119621","https://openalex.org/W2073994042","https://openalex.org/W2076153062","https://openalex.org/W2080321224","https://openalex.org/W2105979025","https://openalex.org/W2111819147","https://openalex.org/W2126076732","https://openalex.org/W2136872403","https://openalex.org/W2150739631","https://openalex.org/W2170319235","https://openalex.org/W2323999149"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2571351259","https://openalex.org/W2160601034","https://openalex.org/W2008028286","https://openalex.org/W1503525005","https://openalex.org/W2078960115","https://openalex.org/W2070119621","https://openalex.org/W2431484271","https://openalex.org/W1632693938","https://openalex.org/W2096052829","https://openalex.org/W2884499140"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Reported":[0],"differences":[1],"in":[2,22],"neuronal":[3],"contrast":[4,20,66],"processing":[5],"between":[6],"the":[7,17,23,50,62,130,158,163,166,194,197],"parallel":[8],"magnocellular":[9,137],"(M)":[10],"and":[11,33,68,138,165],"parvocellular":[12,139],"(P)":[13],"visual":[14,25],"pathways":[15],"invite":[16],"hypothesis":[18],"that":[19,103,154],"discrimination":[21],"human":[24],"system":[26],"is":[27,184,189],"more":[28,176],"sensitive":[29,35],"at":[30,36,42,162],"low":[31,46],"contrasts":[32,73],"less":[34],"high":[37,43],"contrasts,":[38],"for":[39,64,71,91,193],"stimuli":[40],"modulated":[41,56],"compared":[44],"with":[45,81,101,129,142,200],"temporal":[47,83,118,168,202],"frequencies.":[48],"In":[49],"present":[51],"study,":[52],"an":[53,143],"edgeless":[54],"temporally":[55],"uniform":[57],"field":[58],"was":[59],"selected":[60],"as":[61,116],"stimulus":[63,117],"psychophysical":[65,159],"discrimination,":[67],"contrast-increment":[69],"thresholds":[70,90],"pedestal":[72],"ranging":[74],"from":[75,106,121,173],"5.5%":[76],"to":[77,111,123,157,180,191],"78.2%":[78],"were":[79,95,155],"determined":[80,186],"a":[82,174],"two-alternative":[84],"forced-choice":[85],"staircase":[86],"procedure.":[87],"The":[88],"increment":[89],"five":[92],"normal":[93],"subjects":[94],"adequately":[96],"fit":[97],"by":[98,187],"power":[99],"functions":[100,135],"exponents":[102],"shifted":[104],"continuously":[105],"about":[107,112],"0.5":[108],"(square-root-law":[109],"behavior)":[110,115],"1.0":[113],"(Weber's-law":[114],"frequency":[119],"increased":[120],"1":[122],"30":[124],"Hz.":[125],"A":[126,171],"neural":[127,178],"simulation,":[128],"use":[131],"of":[132,136,145,196],"published":[133],"contrast-response":[134],"neurons,":[140],"adjusted":[141],"estimate":[144],"response":[146,183],"variance,":[147],"produced":[148],"two":[149],"distinct":[150],"'neural":[151],"increment-threshold":[152],"functions'":[153],"similar":[156],"results":[160],"obtained":[161],"highest":[164],"lowest":[167],"frequencies,":[169],"respectively.":[170],"shift":[172],"relatively":[175],"noise-limited":[177],"mechanism":[179],"one":[181],"whose":[182],"predominantly":[185],"gain":[188],"suggested":[190],"account":[192],"change":[195],"contrast-increment-threshold":[198],"function":[199],"increasing":[201],"frequency.":[203]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-01T11:40:01.658920","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
