{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2158159649","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1590/sajs.2013/20120013","title":"Growth-promoting effects of a seaweed concentrate at various pH and water hardness conditions","display_name":"Growth-promoting effects of a seaweed concentrate at various pH and water hardness conditions","publication_year":2013,"publication_date":"2013-11-27","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2158159649","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1590/sajs.2013/20120013","mag":"2158159649"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1590/sajs.2013/20120013","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1590/sajs.2013/20120013","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1590/sajs.2013/20120013","pdf_url":"https://sajs.co.za/article/download/4019/5827","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S27554591","display_name":"South African Journal of Science","issn_l":"0038-2353","issn":["0038-2353","1996-7489"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["dhet","doaj","dongbi-c","erih-plus","jpps-3","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-2","scielo","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315356","host_organization_name":"Academy of Science of South Africa","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315356"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Academy of Science of South Africa"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"South African Journal of Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://sajs.co.za/article/download/4019/5827","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050829289","display_name":"Georgina Dede Arthur","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8495-018X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8495-018X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I160825796","display_name":"Mangosuthu University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/054r97095","country_code":"ZA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I160825796"]}],"countries":["ZA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Georgina D. Arthur","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Nature Conservation, Mangosuthu University of Technology, Durban, South Africa"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Nature Conservation, Mangosuthu University of Technology, Durban, South Africa","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I160825796"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022694953","display_name":"Adeyemi Oladapo Aremu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6602-246X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6602-246X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I95023434","display_name":"University of KwaZulu-Natal","ror":"https://ror.org/04qzfn040","country_code":"ZA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I95023434"]}],"countries":["ZA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Adeyemi O. Aremu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Research Centre for Plant Growth and Development, School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Research Centre for Plant Growth and Development, School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I95023434"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053858509","display_name":"Mack Moyo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4686-7139","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4686-7139"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I95023434","display_name":"University of KwaZulu-Natal","ror":"https://ror.org/04qzfn040","country_code":"ZA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I95023434"]}],"countries":["ZA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mack Moyo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Research Centre for Plant Growth and Development, School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Research Centre for Plant Growth and Development, School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I95023434"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032374935","display_name":"Wendy Ann Stirk","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4033-5641","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4033-5641"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I95023434","display_name":"University of KwaZulu-Natal","ror":"https://ror.org/04qzfn040","country_code":"ZA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I95023434"]}],"countries":["ZA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wendy A. Stirk","raw_affiliation_strings":["Research Centre for Plant Growth and Development, School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Research Centre for Plant Growth and Development, School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I95023434"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Johannes Van Staden","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I95023434","display_name":"University of KwaZulu-Natal","ror":"https://ror.org/04qzfn040","country_code":"ZA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I95023434"]}],"countries":["ZA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Johannes Van Staden","raw_affiliation_strings":["Research Centre for Plant Growth and Development, School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Research Centre for Plant Growth and Development, School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I95023434"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.4981,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":25,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.81729003,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"109","issue":"11/12","first_page":"6","last_page":"6"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12407","display_name":"Plant Growth Enhancement Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12407","display_name":"Plant Growth Enhancement Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12754","display_name":"Plant Growth and Agriculture Techniques","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1111","display_name":"Soil Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13246","display_name":"Agriculture, Plant Science, Crop Management","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/seaweed-extract","display_name":"seaweed extract","score":0.652999997138977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/kelpak","display_name":"Kelpak","score":0.8479999899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ecklonia-maxima","display_name":"Ecklonia maxima","score":0.968999981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biostimulants","display_name":"biostimulants","score":0.7919999957084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/plant-growth-promotion","display_name":"plant growth promotion","score":0.8199999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ph","display_name":"pH","score":0.46700000762939453},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/water-hardness","display_name":"water hardness","score":0.9909999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/calcium","display_name":"calcium","score":0.8209999799728394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/swiss-chard","display_name":"Swiss chard","score":0.9850000143051147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chlorophyll-content","display_name":"chlorophyll content","score":0.7789999842643738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/carotenoids","display_name":"carotenoids","score":0.9160000085830688}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104488531","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q864212","display_name":"Bioassay","level":2,"score":0.7054548263549805},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28781525","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q191907","display_name":"Carotenoid","level":2,"score":0.5996776819229126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C559758991","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37868","display_name":"Algae","level":2,"score":0.5553697347640991},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161221295","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q185973","display_name":"Plant physiology","level":2,"score":0.48606517910957336},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144027150","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q48803","display_name":"Horticulture","level":1,"score":0.47241297364234924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151867941","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q22988272","display_name":"Hard water","level":2,"score":0.4496484398841858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.44208720326423645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C64584667","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161179","display_name":"Pigment","level":2,"score":0.43630772829055786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C88862950","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11453","display_name":"Irrigation","level":2,"score":0.41699230670928955},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59822182","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q441","display_name":"Botany","level":1,"score":0.4001423716545105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.3733491003513336},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6557445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173113","display_name":"Agronomy","level":1,"score":0.3292800784111023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178790620","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11351","display_name":"Organic chemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54355233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162","display_name":"Genetics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1590/sajs.2013/20120013","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1590/sajs.2013/20120013","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1590/sajs.2013/20120013","pdf_url":"https://sajs.co.za/article/download/4019/5827","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S27554591","display_name":"South African Journal of Science","issn_l":"0038-2353","issn":["0038-2353","1996-7489"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["dhet","doaj","dongbi-c","erih-plus","jpps-3","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-2","scielo","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315356","host_organization_name":"Academy of Science of South Africa","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315356"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Academy of Science of South Africa"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"South African Journal of Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:6fd0945a06d84ba4a6d72011aee640f0","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/6fd0945a06d84ba4a6d72011aee640f0","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"South African Journal of Science, Vol 109, Iss 11/12, Pp 6-6 (2013)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"mag:2795556695","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://journals.co.za/content/sajsci/109/11-12/EJC145687","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S27554591","display_name":"South African Journal of Science","issn_l":"0038-2353","issn":["0038-2353","1996-7489"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["dhet","doaj","dongbi-c","erih-plus","jpps-3","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-2","scielo","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315356","host_organization_name":"Academy of Science of South Africa","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315356"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Academy of Science of South Africa"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"South African Journal of Science","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1590/sajs.2013/20120013","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1590/sajs.2013/20120013","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1590/sajs.2013/20120013","pdf_url":"https://sajs.co.za/article/download/4019/5827","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S27554591","display_name":"South African Journal of Science","issn_l":"0038-2353","issn":["0038-2353","1996-7489"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["dhet","doaj","dongbi-c","erih-plus","jpps-3","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-2","scielo","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315356","host_organization_name":"Academy of Science of South Africa","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315356"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Academy of Science of South Africa"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"South African Journal of Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8409000039100647,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/2","display_name":"Zero hunger"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322812","display_name":"Inyuvesi Yakwazulu-Natali","ror":"https://ror.org/04qzfn040"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2158159649.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2158159649.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":34,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W116253160","https://openalex.org/W567134377","https://openalex.org/W1964106705","https://openalex.org/W1968287732","https://openalex.org/W1969768462","https://openalex.org/W1984601337","https://openalex.org/W1991218861","https://openalex.org/W1998697597","https://openalex.org/W2001176909","https://openalex.org/W2005679108","https://openalex.org/W2015336146","https://openalex.org/W2026516869","https://openalex.org/W2036781734","https://openalex.org/W2046997703","https://openalex.org/W2047860811","https://openalex.org/W2049197227","https://openalex.org/W2054396769","https://openalex.org/W2065048715","https://openalex.org/W2067582875","https://openalex.org/W2068690523","https://openalex.org/W2070489577","https://openalex.org/W2071084402","https://openalex.org/W2071621564","https://openalex.org/W2080620372","https://openalex.org/W2090720658","https://openalex.org/W2099087797","https://openalex.org/W2102632407","https://openalex.org/W2109116270","https://openalex.org/W2118943549","https://openalex.org/W2120442758","https://openalex.org/W2127653598","https://openalex.org/W2140371599","https://openalex.org/W2147003293","https://openalex.org/W2945792041"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2795556695","https://openalex.org/W1991906640","https://openalex.org/W2064608127","https://openalex.org/W230280089","https://openalex.org/W1227583771","https://openalex.org/W2118448559","https://openalex.org/W2133667609","https://openalex.org/W1999868890","https://openalex.org/W2232612307","https://openalex.org/W39383781"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Kelpak\u00ae":[0],"\u2013":[1,14],"a":[2,18,79,215],"liquid":[3],"seaweed":[4],"concentrate":[5],"made":[6],"from":[7],"the":[8,33,42,65,73,90,93,107,140,162,184],"kelp":[9],"Ecklonia":[10],"maxima":[11],"(Osbeck)":[12],"Papenfuss":[13],"is":[15,200],"used":[16,37,209],"as":[17],"natural":[19],"biostimulant":[20],"to":[21,181,210],"promote":[22,211],"rooting":[23,75,87,98,117,122,130],"and":[24,32,53,55,60,77,112,126,147,151,158,220],"improve":[25],"yield":[26],"in":[27,78,88,92,139,203,214],"crops.":[28],"Plant\u2013soil":[29],"environmental":[30],"conditions":[31],"chemistry":[34],"of":[35,44,48,68,109,164,187,218],"water":[36,56,221],"for":[38],"irrigation":[39],"may":[40],"affect":[41,129],"efficiency":[43],"Kelpak.":[45,103],"The":[46],"effect":[47,186],"pH":[49,119,124,132,172,175,192,219],"(pH":[50],"4.5,":[51,120],"6.5":[52,125,173],"8.5)":[54],"hardness":[57,222],"(200":[58],"mg/L":[59,62,111,114,166,189],"400":[61,113],"Ca2+)":[63],"on":[64],"growth-promoting":[66],"ability":[67],"Kelpak":[69,85,170,178,199],"was":[70,137,179],"assessed":[71],"using":[72],"mungbean":[74,94],"bioassay":[76,95],"pot":[80,141],"trial":[81,142],"with":[82,96,101,143,161],"Swiss":[83,144],"chard.":[84],"promoted":[86],"all":[89],"treatments":[91],"maximum":[97],"generally":[99],"achieved":[100],"20%":[102,105],"With":[104],"Kelpak,":[106],"addition":[108,163],"200":[110,165,188],"Ca2+":[115,167,190],"decreased":[116],"at":[118,123,131,171,191],"increased":[121],"did":[127],"not":[128],"8.5.":[133],"A":[134],"similar":[135],"trend":[136],"observed":[138],"chard:":[145],"leaf":[146],"root":[148],"(fresh":[149],"weight)":[150],"pigment":[152],"content":[153],"(chl":[154],"a,":[155],"chl":[156],"b":[157],"carotenoids)":[159],"improved":[160],"+":[168],"5%":[169],"or":[174],"8.5,":[176],"while":[177,198],"able":[180],"partially":[182],"mask":[183],"negative":[185],"4.5.":[193],"These":[194],"results":[195],"suggest":[196],"that":[197],"most":[201],"effective":[202],"neutral":[204],"pHs,":[205],"it":[206],"can":[207],"be":[208],"plant":[212],"growth":[213],"wide":[216],"range":[217],"conditions.":[223]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
