{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2158155293","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2929.2006.02645.x","title":"Women in medicine \u2212 is there a problem? A literature review of the changing gender composition, structures and occupational cultures in medicine","display_name":"Women in medicine \u2212 is there a problem? A literature review of the changing gender composition, structures and occupational cultures in medicine","publication_year":2006,"publication_date":"2006-12-12","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2158155293","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2929.2006.02645.x","mag":"2158155293","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17209891"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1111/j.1365-2929.2006.02645.x","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2929.2006.02645.x","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2929.2006.02645.x","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S54816476","display_name":"Medical Education","issn_l":"0308-0110","issn":["0308-0110","1365-2923"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","doyens","erih-plus","jufo-3","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Medical Education","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"review","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006934370","display_name":"Sue Kilminster","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130828816","display_name":"University of Leeds","ror":"https://ror.org/024mrxd33","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130828816"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sue Kilminster","raw_affiliation_strings":["Medical Education Unit, School of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK. s.kilminster@leeds.ac.uk","Medical Education Unit, School of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Medical Education Unit, School of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK. s.kilminster@leeds.ac.uk","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130828816"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Medical Education Unit, School of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130828816"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041602618","display_name":"Julia Downes","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9170-9610","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9170-9610"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130828816","display_name":"University of Leeds","ror":"https://ror.org/024mrxd33","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130828816"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Julia Downes","raw_affiliation_strings":["Julia Downes, Centre of Interdisciplinary Gender Studies, Social Studies Building, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Julia Downes, Centre of Interdisciplinary Gender Studies, Social Studies Building, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130828816"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017889498","display_name":"Brendan Gough","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7438-0139","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7438-0139","https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7013-9110"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130828816","display_name":"University of Leeds","ror":"https://ror.org/024mrxd33","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130828816"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Brendan Gough","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Psychological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Psychological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130828816"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064181348","display_name":"Deborah G Murdoch\u2010Eaton","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2246-8785","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2246-8785"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130828816","display_name":"University of Leeds","ror":"https://ror.org/024mrxd33","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130828816"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Deborah Murdoch\u2010Eaton","raw_affiliation_strings":["Medical Education Unit, School of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Medical Education Unit, School of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130828816"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071161837","display_name":"Trudie E Roberts","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130828816","display_name":"University of Leeds","ror":"https://ror.org/024mrxd33","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130828816"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Trudie Roberts","raw_affiliation_strings":["Medical Education Unit, School of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Medical Education Unit, School of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130828816"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130828816"],"apc_list":{"value":5250,"currency":"USD","value_usd":5250},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":10.75,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":198,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":1.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"41","issue":"1","first_page":"39","last_page":"49"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10843","display_name":"Diversity and Career in Medicine","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3318","display_name":"Gender Studies"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10843","display_name":"Diversity and Career in Medicine","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3318","display_name":"Gender Studies"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13252","display_name":"Sex and Gender in Healthcare","score":0.00139999995008111,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11047","display_name":"Gender Diversity and Inequality","score":0.00019999999494757503,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3318","display_name":"Gender Studies"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/women-in-medicine","display_name":"women in medicine","score":0.9860000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gender-segregation","display_name":"gender segregation","score":0.7689999938011169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/occupational-culture","display_name":"occupational culture","score":0.7940000295639038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/workforce-planning","display_name":"workforce planning","score":0.7039999961853027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/health-professions-education","display_name":"health professions education","score":0.8090000152587891}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40231798","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1333743","display_name":"Composition (language)","level":2,"score":0.6013930439949036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778421134","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q628764","display_name":"Occupational medicine","level":3,"score":0.5630722641944885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.47816094756126404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779473830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1540899","display_name":"MEDLINE","level":2,"score":0.4174101650714874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C512399662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3505712","display_name":"Family medicine","level":1,"score":0.4111177921295166},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C509550671","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126945","display_name":"Medical education","level":1,"score":0.3404652774333954},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187155963","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q629029","display_name":"Occupational safety and health","level":2,"score":0.19325870275497437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.15730062127113342},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.11328330636024475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.08851960301399231},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.07315027713775635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.07089319825172424}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D001291","descriptor_name":"Attitude of Health Personnel","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001291","descriptor_name":"Attitude of Health Personnel","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001291","descriptor_name":"Attitude of Health Personnel","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002983","descriptor_name":"Clinical Competence","qualifier_ui":"Q000592","qualifier_name":"standards","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002983","descriptor_name":"Clinical Competence","qualifier_ui":"Q000592","qualifier_name":"standards","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002983","descriptor_name":"Clinical Competence","qualifier_ui":"Q000592","qualifier_name":"standards","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003142","descriptor_name":"Communication","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003142","descriptor_name":"Communication","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003142","descriptor_name":"Communication","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003469","descriptor_name":"Culture","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003469","descriptor_name":"Culture","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003469","descriptor_name":"Culture","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004522","descriptor_name":"Educational Status","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004522","descriptor_name":"Educational Status","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004522","descriptor_name":"Educational Status","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005544","descriptor_name":"Forecasting","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005544","descriptor_name":"Forecasting","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005544","descriptor_name":"Forecasting","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006280","descriptor_name":"Health Workforce","qualifier_ui":"Q000458","qualifier_name":"organization & administration","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006280","descriptor_name":"Health Workforce","qualifier_ui":"Q000458","qualifier_name":"organization & administration","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006280","descriptor_name":"Health Workforce","qualifier_ui":"Q000458","qualifier_name":"organization & administration","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006280","descriptor_name":"Health Workforce","qualifier_ui":"Q000639","qualifier_name":"trends","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006280","descriptor_name":"Health Workforce","qualifier_ui":"Q000639","qualifier_name":"trends","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006280","descriptor_name":"Health Workforce","qualifier_ui":"Q000639","qualifier_name":"trends","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009042","descriptor_name":"Motivation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009042","descriptor_name":"Motivation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009042","descriptor_name":"Motivation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010817","descriptor_name":"Physician-Patient Relations","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010817","descriptor_name":"Physician-Patient Relations","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010817","descriptor_name":"Physician-Patient Relations","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010822","descriptor_name":"Physicians, Women","qualifier_ui":"Q000458","qualifier_name":"organization & administration","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010822","descriptor_name":"Physicians, Women","qualifier_ui":"Q000458","qualifier_name":"organization & administration","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010822","descriptor_name":"Physicians, Women","qualifier_ui":"Q000458","qualifier_name":"organization & administration","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010822","descriptor_name":"Physicians, Women","qualifier_ui":"Q000523","qualifier_name":"psychology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010822","descriptor_name":"Physicians, Women","qualifier_ui":"Q000523","qualifier_name":"psychology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010822","descriptor_name":"Physicians, Women","qualifier_ui":"Q000523","qualifier_name":"psychology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010822","descriptor_name":"Physicians, Women","qualifier_ui":"Q000639","qualifier_name":"trends","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010822","descriptor_name":"Physicians, Women","qualifier_ui":"Q000639","qualifier_name":"trends","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010822","descriptor_name":"Physicians, Women","qualifier_ui":"Q000639","qualifier_name":"trends","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D017060","descriptor_name":"Patient Satisfaction","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D017060","descriptor_name":"Patient Satisfaction","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D017060","descriptor_name":"Patient Satisfaction","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1111/j.1365-2929.2006.02645.x","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2929.2006.02645.x","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2929.2006.02645.x","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S54816476","display_name":"Medical Education","issn_l":"0308-0110","issn":["0308-0110","1365-2923"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","doyens","erih-plus","jufo-3","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Medical Education","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:17209891","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17209891","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Medical education","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:irep.ntu.ac.uk:11435","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://irep.ntu.ac.uk/id/eprint/11435/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400559","display_name":"Nottingham Trent University's Institutional Repository (Nottingham Trent Repository)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I52590639","host_organization_name":"Nottingham Trent University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I52590639"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/5","display_name":"Gender equality","score":0.9444000124931335},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","display_name":"Reduced inequalities","score":0.7578999996185303},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.5683000087738037}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","display_name":"Quality education","score":0.41999998688697815},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/5","display_name":"Gender equality","score":0.41999998688697815}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":100,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W39028541","https://openalex.org/W44883034","https://openalex.org/W76124480","https://openalex.org/W89140010","https://openalex.org/W191103836","https://openalex.org/W1552680454","https://openalex.org/W1557601699","https://openalex.org/W1913985836","https://openalex.org/W1964056625","https://openalex.org/W1965192222","https://openalex.org/W1965640271","https://openalex.org/W1967234332","https://openalex.org/W1967359323","https://openalex.org/W1967641137","https://openalex.org/W1969887928","https://openalex.org/W1971137121","https://openalex.org/W1973966890","https://openalex.org/W1976430964","https://openalex.org/W1979479336","https://openalex.org/W1979804990","https://openalex.org/W1980887656","https://openalex.org/W1981831528","https://openalex.org/W1984074495","https://openalex.org/W1984707477","https://openalex.org/W1987122060","https://openalex.org/W1988951243","https://openalex.org/W1990451965","https://openalex.org/W1990892302","https://openalex.org/W1997391267","https://openalex.org/W2007529641","https://openalex.org/W2008293534","https://openalex.org/W2013252470","https://openalex.org/W2013293148","https://openalex.org/W2014516246","https://openalex.org/W2021212662","https://openalex.org/W2025431661","https://openalex.org/W2031742999","https://openalex.org/W2033933185","https://openalex.org/W2035368687","https://openalex.org/W2036013153","https://openalex.org/W2036358572","https://openalex.org/W2040893807","https://openalex.org/W2043352057","https://openalex.org/W2043451881","https://openalex.org/W2043595041","https://openalex.org/W2043840755","https://openalex.org/W2044349531","https://openalex.org/W2045160769","https://openalex.org/W2047401599","https://openalex.org/W2053063029","https://openalex.org/W2056202567","https://openalex.org/W2061479255","https://openalex.org/W2063043015","https://openalex.org/W2063301526","https://openalex.org/W2064331321","https://openalex.org/W2064880027","https://openalex.org/W2065045781","https://openalex.org/W2072421140","https://openalex.org/W2072521826","https://openalex.org/W2073967637","https://openalex.org/W2077570748","https://openalex.org/W2083585495","https://openalex.org/W2086803431","https://openalex.org/W2087520842","https://openalex.org/W2089847760","https://openalex.org/W2090406832","https://openalex.org/W2091026557","https://openalex.org/W2093307667","https://openalex.org/W2093357453","https://openalex.org/W2094718253","https://openalex.org/W2095233019","https://openalex.org/W2099871191","https://openalex.org/W2102359010","https://openalex.org/W2103167062","https://openalex.org/W2105505306","https://openalex.org/W2109558702","https://openalex.org/W2113276506","https://openalex.org/W2118765099","https://openalex.org/W2121470942","https://openalex.org/W2122659898","https://openalex.org/W2125303411","https://openalex.org/W2127810740","https://openalex.org/W2141791438","https://openalex.org/W2142721730","https://openalex.org/W2147973523","https://openalex.org/W2152517212","https://openalex.org/W2158624718","https://openalex.org/W2161769094","https://openalex.org/W2163717241","https://openalex.org/W2233707559","https://openalex.org/W2308076094","https://openalex.org/W2326454797","https://openalex.org/W2396842801","https://openalex.org/W2420342969","https://openalex.org/W2892357698","https://openalex.org/W4240817073","https://openalex.org/W4253068160","https://openalex.org/W4297691636","https://openalex.org/W4318599073","https://openalex.org/W4319588665"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2057280128","https://openalex.org/W3159928342","https://openalex.org/W2035368687","https://openalex.org/W2409993740","https://openalex.org/W1999179040","https://openalex.org/W7128711453","https://openalex.org/W2290982171","https://openalex.org/W2924678125","https://openalex.org/W4399238928","https://openalex.org/W4408575137"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"BACKGROUND:":[0],"Internationally,":[1],"there":[2],"are":[3,112],"increasing":[4,56],"numbers":[5,57],"of":[6,30,40,54,58,67,82,86,98,101,109,116,131,136,174,190],"women":[7,59],"entering":[8],"medicine.":[9,110],"Although":[10],"all":[11,21],"countries":[12],"have":[13],"different":[14],"health":[15,191,195],"care":[16,196],"systems":[17],"and":[18,32,48,76,107,120,154,172,177,184,194],"social":[19,155],"contexts,":[20],"still":[22],"show":[23],"horizontal":[24],"(women":[25,34],"concentrated":[26],"in":[27,60],"certain":[28],"areas":[29,123],"work)":[31],"vertical":[33],"under":[35],"represented":[36],"at":[37],"higher":[38],"levels":[39],"the":[41,52,55,61,73,80,83,87,99,104,117,129,132,150,170,187],"professions)":[42],"segregation.":[43],"There":[44,111],"is":[45],"much":[46],"discussion":[47],"competing":[49],"explanations":[50,77],"about":[51],"implications":[53,173],"medical":[62,88,161],"profession.":[63,89],"AIMS:":[64],"The":[65],"purpose":[66],"this":[68],"review":[69,92],"was":[70],"to":[71,78,142,148,159],"explore":[72,149],"evidence,":[74],"issues":[75],"understand":[79,128],"effects":[81,100,130],"changing":[84,133,188],"composition":[85,135],"CONCLUSIONS:":[90],"This":[91,163],"identified":[93],"evidence":[94],"that":[95,157],"delineates":[96],"some":[97,115],"gender":[102,134],"on":[103],"culture,":[105],"practice":[106],"organisation":[108],"problems":[113],"with":[114],"research":[118,146],"methodologies":[119],"we":[121],"identify":[122],"for":[124,168,181],"further":[125],"research.":[126],"To":[127],"medicine":[137],"it":[138],"will":[139,164],"be":[140],"necessary":[141],"use":[143],"more":[144],"sophisticated":[145],"designs":[147],"structural,":[151],"economic,":[152],"historical":[153],"contexts":[156],"interact":[158],"produce":[160],"culture.":[162],"provide":[165],"a":[166],"basis":[167],"exploring":[169],"impact":[171],"these":[175],"changes":[176],"has":[178],"immediate":[179],"relevance":[180],"workforce":[182],"planning":[183],"understanding":[185],"both":[186],"nature":[189],"professions'":[192],"education":[193],"delivery.":[197]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":25},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":10}],"updated_date":"2026-10-27T15:51:10.671819","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
