{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2158136587","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/948005.948057","title":"Why we can't be bothered to read privacy policies models of privacy economics as a lemons market","display_name":"Why we can't be bothered to read privacy policies models of privacy economics as a lemons market","publication_year":2003,"publication_date":"2003-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2158136587","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/948005.948057","mag":"2158136587"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/948005.948057","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/948005.948057","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/948005.948057","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306419402","display_name":"International Conference on Electronic Commerce","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 5th international conference on Electronic commerce - ICEC '03","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"volume":null,"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000240895","display_name":"Tony Vila","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I136199984","display_name":"Harvard University","ror":"https://ror.org/03vek6s52","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tony Vila","raw_affiliation_strings":["Harvard University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Harvard University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005882490","display_name":"Rachel Greenstadt","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1831-1785","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1831-1785"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I136199984","display_name":"Harvard University","ror":"https://ror.org/03vek6s52","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rachel Greenstadt","raw_affiliation_strings":["Harvard University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Harvard University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101905586","display_name":"D\u00e1vid Moln\u00e1r","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2398-4984","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2398-4984"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I95457486","display_name":"University of California, Berkeley","ror":"https://ror.org/01an7q238","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"David Molnar","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of California, Berkeley"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of California, Berkeley","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":5.5665,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":108,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9605999,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":93,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"403","last_page":"407"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11045","display_name":"Privacy, Security, and Data Protection","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11045","display_name":"Privacy, Security, and Data Protection","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11161","display_name":"Consumer Market Behavior and Pricing","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1406","display_name":"Marketing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11437","display_name":"Digital Platforms and Economics","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1408","display_name":"Strategy and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/privacy-policies","display_name":"privacy policies","score":0.9660000205039978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/market-for-lemons","display_name":"market for lemons","score":0.9229999780654907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/economics-of-privacy","display_name":"economics of privacy","score":0.8100000023841858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-asymmetry","display_name":"information asymmetry","score":0.9430000185966492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/privacy-seals","display_name":"privacy seals","score":0.8230000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/consumer-privacy","display_name":"consumer privacy","score":0.45899999141693115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/online-privacy","display_name":"online privacy","score":0.5770000219345093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cyclic-instability","display_name":"cyclic instability","score":0.7730000019073486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/consumer-information","display_name":"consumer information","score":0.4909999966621399}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C102938260","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1999831","display_name":"Privacy policy","level":3,"score":0.7611163854598999},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123201435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q456632","display_name":"Information privacy","level":2,"score":0.687649667263031},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99221444","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1532069","display_name":"Private information retrieval","level":2,"score":0.6711692214012146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108827166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175975","display_name":"Internet privacy","level":1,"score":0.6336073279380798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.575639009475708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C193934123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7246028","display_name":"Privacy by Design","level":3,"score":0.5562689304351807},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C509729295","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7246032","display_name":"Privacy software","level":3,"score":0.5386952757835388},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169093310","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3702971","display_name":"Personally identifiable information","level":2,"score":0.5090274810791016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781194009","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q388550","display_name":"Information market","level":2,"score":0.4861185550689697},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.46355074644088745},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4187677204608917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.29123830795288086},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.1448386311531067},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136264566","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q159810","display_name":"Economy","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/948005.948057","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/948005.948057","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/948005.948057","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306419402","display_name":"International Conference on Electronic Commerce","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 5th international conference on Electronic commerce - ICEC '03","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":5,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W119929909","https://openalex.org/W1607309762","https://openalex.org/W2069005539","https://openalex.org/W2156109180","https://openalex.org/W4285719527"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1978144409","https://openalex.org/W4200593612","https://openalex.org/W2564314446","https://openalex.org/W4409667489","https://openalex.org/W2015430968","https://openalex.org/W7018197807","https://openalex.org/W3123854239","https://openalex.org/W2343652078","https://openalex.org/W1479714602","https://openalex.org/W2302209485"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Consumers":[0],"want":[1,10],"to":[2,11,31,58],"interact":[3],"with":[4,73],"web":[5,22,110],"sites,":[6],"but":[7],"they":[8],"also":[9],"keep":[12],"control":[13],"of":[14,53,65,80,109],"their":[15,86],"private":[16,26],"information.":[17,115],"Asymmetric":[18],"information":[19,27],"about":[20],"whether":[21,82],"sites":[23,111],"will":[24],"sell":[25,113],"or":[28],"not":[29],"leads":[30],"a":[32,44,63,70,78,83],"lemons":[33,45],"market":[34,46,72],"for":[35],"privacy.":[36],"We":[37,100],"discuss":[38],"privacy":[39,54,87,95,98],"policies":[40,55,96],"as":[41],"signals":[42],"in":[43,49,106],"and":[47,97],"ways":[48],"which":[50],"current":[51],"realizations":[52],"may":[56],"fail":[57],"be":[59],"effective":[60],"signals.":[61],"As":[62],"result":[64],"these":[66],"shortcomings,":[67],"we":[68],"consider":[69],"\"lemons":[71],"testing,\"":[74],"where":[75],"consumers":[76],"have":[77],"cost":[79],"determining":[81],"site":[84],"meets":[85],"requirement.":[88],"Our":[89],"model":[90],"explains":[91],"empirical":[92],"data":[93],"concerning":[94],"seals.":[99],"end":[101],"by":[102],"discussing":[103],"cyclic":[104],"instability":[105],"the":[107],"number":[108],"that":[112],"consumer":[114]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-11-03T10:50:19.383937","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
