{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2158002561","doi":null,"title":"Production of Ethanol from Spruce at High Solids Concentrations - An Experimental Study on Process Development of Simultaneous Saccharification and Fermentation","display_name":"Production of Ethanol from Spruce at High Solids Concentrations - An Experimental Study on Process Development of Simultaneous Saccharification and Fermentation","publication_year":2013,"publication_date":"2013-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2158002561","mag":"2158002561"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:lup.lub.lu.se:ce03aff1-a345-46a6-af9f-251f920488ec","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://lup.lub.lu.se/record/4153591","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400536","display_name":"Lund University Publications (Lund University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I187531555","host_organization_name":"Lund University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I187531555"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis"},"volume":null,"type":"dissertation","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://lup.lub.lu.se/record/4153591","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006461048","display_name":"Kerstin Hoyer","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Kerstin Hoyer","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Chemical Engineering"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Chemical Engineering","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5006461048"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10171","display_name":"Biofuel production and bioconversion","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10171","display_name":"Biofuel production and bioconversion","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11009","display_name":"Catalysis for Biomass Conversion","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1503","display_name":"Catalysis"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/15","display_name":"Chemical Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10284","display_name":"Anaerobic Digestion and Biogas Production","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2105","display_name":"Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/21","display_name":"Energy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ethanol-production","display_name":"ethanol production","score":0.7749999761581421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spruce","display_name":"spruce","score":0.953000009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/simultaneous-saccharification-and-fermentation","display_name":"simultaneous saccharification and fermentation","score":0.9490000009536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/high-solids-concentration","display_name":"high solids concentration","score":0.8999999761581421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lignocellulosic-biomass","display_name":"lignocellulosic biomass","score":0.875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/prehydrolysis","display_name":"prehydrolysis","score":0.8100000023841858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/enzymatic-hydrolysis","display_name":"enzymatic hydrolysis","score":0.9330000281333923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/yeast-inhibition","display_name":"yeast inhibition","score":0.6589999794960022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fermentation-inhibition","display_name":"fermentation inhibition","score":0.4480000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hydrolysis-inhibition","display_name":"hydrolysis inhibition","score":0.7070000171661377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ethanol-yield","display_name":"ethanol yield","score":0.6309999823570251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fiber-degradation","display_name":"fiber degradation","score":0.5789999961853027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process-development","display_name":"process development","score":0.503000020980835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biofuels","display_name":"biofuels","score":0.6669999957084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process-cost-reduction","display_name":"process cost reduction","score":0.4309999942779541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/water-insoluble-solids","display_name":"water-insoluble solids","score":0.6499999761581421}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C53991642","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128991","display_name":"Biofuel","level":2,"score":0.841937780380249},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C65183824","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q194361","display_name":"Ethanol fuel","level":3,"score":0.8012310266494751},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100544194","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41760","display_name":"Fermentation","level":2,"score":0.6323637366294861},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115540264","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2945560","display_name":"Biomass (ecology)","level":2,"score":0.609775185585022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C528095902","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2283886","display_name":"Pulp and paper industry","level":1,"score":0.5751709342002869},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778234585","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q508355","display_name":"Lignocellulosic biomass","level":3,"score":0.48227718472480774},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98861065","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q851986","display_name":"Ethanol fermentation","level":3,"score":0.46715110540390015},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.46617960929870605},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C548081761","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180388","display_name":"Waste management","level":1,"score":0.4506146013736725},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.43900996446609497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C156380964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18556","display_name":"Bioenergy","level":3,"score":0.4292396306991577},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204030448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101017","display_name":"Distillation","level":2,"score":0.4187101423740387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.2237720787525177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31903555","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1637030","display_name":"Food science","level":1,"score":0.18371841311454773},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6557445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173113","display_name":"Agronomy","level":1,"score":0.165879487991333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178790620","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11351","display_name":"Organic chemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:lup.lub.lu.se:ce03aff1-a345-46a6-af9f-251f920488ec","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://lup.lub.lu.se/record/4153591","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400536","display_name":"Lund University Publications (Lund University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I187531555","host_organization_name":"Lund University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I187531555"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis"},{"id":"mag:2158002561","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://lup.lub.lu.se/record/4153591/file/4153597.pdf","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:lup.lub.lu.se:ce03aff1-a345-46a6-af9f-251f920488ec","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://lup.lub.lu.se/record/4153591","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400536","display_name":"Lund University Publications (Lund University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I187531555","host_organization_name":"Lund University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I187531555"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.9853000044822693,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"},{"score":0.9786999821662903,"display_name":"Climate action","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/13"},{"score":0.833299994468689,"display_name":"Responsible consumption and production","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/12"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":168,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W65667364","https://openalex.org/W72184262","https://openalex.org/W112834999","https://openalex.org/W131558756","https://openalex.org/W588482626","https://openalex.org/W1495368520","https://openalex.org/W1505046615","https://openalex.org/W1511776621","https://openalex.org/W1543829737","https://openalex.org/W1544972362","https://openalex.org/W1587186775","https://openalex.org/W1849936841","https://openalex.org/W1871083747","https://openalex.org/W1932277571","https://openalex.org/W1964260767","https://openalex.org/W1964498130","https://openalex.org/W1965646938","https://openalex.org/W1967228676","https://openalex.org/W1970456511","https://openalex.org/W1971038433","https://openalex.org/W1971266663","https://openalex.org/W1971411221","https://openalex.org/W1976247623","https://openalex.org/W1976460970","https://openalex.org/W1977070444","https://openalex.org/W1980695826","https://openalex.org/W1981213007","https://openalex.org/W1981484342","https://openalex.org/W1981979476","https://openalex.org/W1984033867","https://openalex.org/W1984989846","https://openalex.org/W1986439994","https://openalex.org/W1987049390","https://openalex.org/W1989876489","https://openalex.org/W1991018022","https://openalex.org/W1993080418","https://openalex.org/W1993248690","https://openalex.org/W1993940896","https://openalex.org/W1995768925","https://openalex.org/W1998559366","https://openalex.org/W1998863904","https://openalex.org/W1999571751","https://openalex.org/W2000661878","https://openalex.org/W2002390874","https://openalex.org/W2002747902","https://openalex.org/W2003533839","https://openalex.org/W2006095791","https://openalex.org/W2009719448","https://openalex.org/W2011219340","https://openalex.org/W2011381419","https://openalex.org/W2011609648","https://openalex.org/W2012583568","https://openalex.org/W2014728623","https://openalex.org/W2014757220","https://openalex.org/W2016429076","https://openalex.org/W2018468508","https://openalex.org/W2020751170","https://openalex.org/W2021608791","https://openalex.org/W2023209747","https://openalex.org/W2025078335","https://openalex.org/W2026588456","https://openalex.org/W2029308723","https://openalex.org/W2029956101","https://openalex.org/W2031102115","https://openalex.org/W2034580288","https://openalex.org/W2037581145","https://openalex.org/W2042261463","https://openalex.org/W2042817667","https://openalex.org/W2044242199","https://openalex.org/W2044447011","https://openalex.org/W2044759158","https://openalex.org/W2045335258","https://openalex.org/W2045787990","https://openalex.org/W2046207881","https://openalex.org/W2046663612","https://openalex.org/W2046768003","https://openalex.org/W2047589002","https://openalex.org/W2048118806","https://openalex.org/W2048121967","https://openalex.org/W2048744522","https://openalex.org/W2051190164","https://openalex.org/W2052210737","https://openalex.org/W2052786860","https://openalex.org/W2053113581","https://openalex.org/W2053526929","https://openalex.org/W2059593422","https://openalex.org/W2062492434","https://openalex.org/W2062510087","https://openalex.org/W2062730045","https://openalex.org/W2064245564","https://openalex.org/W2065157000","https://openalex.org/W2065351970","https://openalex.org/W2065517403","https://openalex.org/W2066154707","https://openalex.org/W2066948920","https://openalex.org/W2068369964","https://openalex.org/W2069188569","https://openalex.org/W2070093387","https://openalex.org/W2070519533","https://openalex.org/W2071699069","https://openalex.org/W2073059276","https://openalex.org/W2074771677","https://openalex.org/W2075167329","https://openalex.org/W2075180802","https://openalex.org/W2077044154","https://openalex.org/W2077623407","https://openalex.org/W2080236525","https://openalex.org/W2082964431","https://openalex.org/W2083178281","https://openalex.org/W2083722736","https://openalex.org/W2085890908","https://openalex.org/W2086190730","https://openalex.org/W2088550657","https://openalex.org/W2091513159","https://openalex.org/W2091905321","https://openalex.org/W2092438050","https://openalex.org/W2092942255","https://openalex.org/W2092943619","https://openalex.org/W2094139824","https://openalex.org/W2098319201","https://openalex.org/W2098839738","https://openalex.org/W2099285587","https://openalex.org/W2103732169","https://openalex.org/W2104994925","https://openalex.org/W2105202722","https://openalex.org/W2106751212","https://openalex.org/W2107737989","https://openalex.org/W2110919001","https://openalex.org/W2111093781","https://openalex.org/W2119826631","https://openalex.org/W2120244994","https://openalex.org/W2120487408","https://openalex.org/W2122484515","https://openalex.org/W2125260175","https://openalex.org/W2127499171","https://openalex.org/W2127531554","https://openalex.org/W2127908745","https://openalex.org/W2129394710","https://openalex.org/W2129887334","https://openalex.org/W2130365445","https://openalex.org/W2130729904","https://openalex.org/W2132472358","https://openalex.org/W2134228368","https://openalex.org/W2135197442","https://openalex.org/W2137432747","https://openalex.org/W2137804544","https://openalex.org/W2138314044","https://openalex.org/W2140743417","https://openalex.org/W2144370730","https://openalex.org/W2145732497","https://openalex.org/W2146546288","https://openalex.org/W2148892794","https://openalex.org/W2149552284","https://openalex.org/W2152202826","https://openalex.org/W2153540661","https://openalex.org/W2155649389","https://openalex.org/W2159799069","https://openalex.org/W2159958449","https://openalex.org/W2160360844","https://openalex.org/W2163415979","https://openalex.org/W2165194260","https://openalex.org/W2165861896","https://openalex.org/W2166109955","https://openalex.org/W2166862691","https://openalex.org/W2170473319","https://openalex.org/W2201162840","https://openalex.org/W2326604904","https://openalex.org/W4366064582"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7096995321","https://openalex.org/W4392241199","https://openalex.org/W87099146","https://openalex.org/W2148385828","https://openalex.org/W2551697563","https://openalex.org/W977718642","https://openalex.org/W1487854263","https://openalex.org/W63778517","https://openalex.org/W2907872413","https://openalex.org/W57180570"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Replacing":[0],"fossil":[1],"fuels":[2],"by":[3,307],"biofuels":[4],"such":[5,346],"as":[6,338,347],"ethanol":[7,49,72,148,168,199,235,253,298,324,413,417,424,480],"is":[8,176,261,328,467],"considered":[9,182],"a":[10,92,146,205,262,309,329,354,443,448],"promising":[11],"alternative":[12],"to":[13,71,83,96,102,124,144,154,183,204,232,280,313,358,366,394,408,439,457,464],"reduce":[14,155],"greenhouse":[15],"gas":[16],"(GHG)":[17],"emissions":[18,36],"and":[19,37,42,62,76,107,129,134,220,269,275,349,403,459,482],"mitigate":[20],"climate":[21],"change.":[22],"Biofuels":[23],"produced":[24],"from":[25,50,200,326,363,389],"lignocellulosic":[26,51,344],"biomass,":[27],"so-called":[28],"second":[29,288],"generation":[30],"biofuels,":[31],"result":[32,263,330],"in":[33,47,99,114,131,152,159,214,230,252,255,300,385,400,430,473],"decreased":[34,336],"GHG":[35],"limit":[38,186],"competition":[39],"with":[40,257,421],"food":[41],"animal":[43],"feed":[44],"production.":[45],"Interest":[46],"producing":[48],"biomass":[52],"has":[53,405],"therefore":[54],"increased":[55,266,270,281,306,388],"rapidly":[56],"during":[57],"recent":[58],"years.":[59,90],"Several":[60],"pilot":[61],"demonstration":[63],"plants":[64,80],"for":[65,187,471],"the":[66,77,88,104,119,156,163,179,185,196,211,215,234,240,250,273,277,287,291,297,361,375,411,440,451,474,479],"biochemical":[67,120],"conversion":[68,121],"of":[69,122,140,170,198,208,210,243,264,272,283,290,331,353,378,426,445,450],"lignocellulose":[70],"have":[73,202],"been":[74,406],"built,":[75],"first":[78,241],"commercial":[79],"are":[81],"planned":[82],"start":[84],"large-scale":[85],"production":[86,105,109,164,197,216,325],"within":[87],"coming":[89],"However,":[91],"great":[93],"deal":[94],"remains":[95],"be":[97,184,223,304],"done":[98],"process":[100,362,398],"development":[101],"increase":[103,233,478],"efficiency":[106],"decrease":[108,251],"cost.":[110,165],"The":[111,137,351,380,397,415],"work":[112,142],"presented":[113],"this":[115,141,244,320],"thesis":[116],"focuses":[117],"on":[118,195,323],"spruce":[123,201,327,436],"ethanol,":[125],"using":[126,342],"enzymatic":[127,401],"hydrolysis":[128,219,402],"fermentation":[130,135,221,404],"simultaneous":[132],"saccharification":[133],"(SSF).":[136],"main":[138],"aim":[139],"was":[143,173,247,294,316,387,428,437,460],"achieve":[145],"high":[147,258],"concentration":[149,169,236,260,418,481],"after":[150,237],"fermentation,":[151,372],"order":[153,231],"energy":[157],"required":[158],"distillation,":[160],"thus":[161,370,461,468],"reducing":[162],"A":[166],"final":[167],"65":[171],"g/L":[172],"achieved,":[174],"which":[175,476],"well":[177],"above":[178],"4":[180],"wt%":[181],"economically":[188],"feasible":[189],"distillation.":[190],"Furthermore,":[191],"these":[192],"experimental":[193],"studies":[194],"contributed":[203],"better":[206],"understanding":[207],"some":[209],"fundamental":[212],"steps":[213],"process.":[217],"Enzymatic":[218],"must":[222],"performed":[224],"at":[225],"higher":[226],"solid":[227],"substrate":[228],"concentrations":[229],"fermentation.":[238],"In":[239,286],"part":[242,289],"work,":[245,292],"it":[246,293],"shown":[248,295,318,407],"that":[249,296,319],"yield":[254,299,425],"SSF":[256,302,359,386],"solids":[259,392],"both":[265],"mixing":[267],"difficulty":[268],"inhibition":[271],"yeast,":[274],"possibly":[276],"enzymes,":[278],"due":[279],"levels":[282],"inhibitory":[284],"substances.":[285],"high-solids":[301],"could":[303,477],"significantly":[305,409],"adding":[308],"prehydrolysis":[310,355],"step":[311,356],"prior":[312,357],"SSF.":[314],"It":[315],"also":[317],"positive":[321],"effect":[322],"fibre":[332],"degradation":[333],"rather":[334,373],"than":[335,374],"viscosity,":[337],"often":[339],"suggested":[340],"when":[341],"other":[343],"materials":[345],"straw":[348],"grass.":[350],"addition":[352],"shifts":[360],"being":[364,367],"fermentation-limited":[365],"hydrolysis-limited.":[368],"Prehydrolysis":[369],"enhances":[371],"overall":[376,412,423],"performance":[377],"hydrolysis.":[379],"initial":[381],"dry":[382],"matter":[383],"content":[384],"5-10%":[390],"water-insoluble":[391],"(WIS)":[393],"20%":[395],"WIS.":[396],"configuration":[399],"influence":[410],"yield.":[414,483],"highest":[416],"(65":[419],"g/L)":[420],"an":[422],"72%":[427],"obtained":[429],"fed-batch":[431],"SSF,":[432],"where":[433],"prehydrolysed":[434],"steam-pretreated":[435],"fed":[438],"reactor":[441],"over":[442],"period":[444],"time.":[446],"Approximately":[447],"quarter":[449],"cellulose":[452],"was,":[453],"however,":[454],"not":[455,462],"converted":[456],"glucose,":[458],"fermented":[463],"ethanol.":[465],"There":[466],"further":[469],"potential":[470],"improvements":[472],"process,":[475]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}