{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2157801673","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hec.1727","title":"Benefit\u2010incidence analysis: are government health expenditures more pro\u2010rich than we think?","display_name":"Benefit\u2010incidence analysis: are government health expenditures more pro\u2010rich than we think?","publication_year":2011,"publication_date":"2011-03-10","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2157801673","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hec.1727","mag":"2157801673","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21394820"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1002/hec.1727","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hec.1727","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hec.1727","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S145200904","display_name":"Health Economics","issn_l":"1057-9230","issn":["1057-9230","1099-1050"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a-star","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","doyens","fnege-2","jufo-2","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Health Economics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://autopapers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1569335","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017616881","display_name":"Adam Robert Wagstaff","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4442-5070","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4442-5070"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1334329717","display_name":"World Bank","ror":"https://ror.org/00ae7jd04","country_code":"US","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1334329717","https://openalex.org/I55633929"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I55633929","display_name":"World Bank Group","ror":"https://ror.org/02md09461","country_code":"US","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I55633929"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Adam Wagstaff","raw_affiliation_strings":["Development Research Group, The World Bank, Washington, DC 20433, USA. awagstaff@worldbank.org","Development Research Group, The World Bank, Washington, DC, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Development Research Group, The World Bank, Washington, DC 20433, USA. awagstaff@worldbank.org","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1334329717","https://openalex.org/I55633929"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Development Research Group, The World Bank, Washington, DC, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1334329717","https://openalex.org/I55633929"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5017616881"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1334329717","https://openalex.org/I55633929"],"apc_list":{"value":4050,"currency":"USD","value_usd":4050},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":6.2671,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":62,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96572051,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"21","issue":"4","first_page":"351","last_page":"366"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11531","display_name":"Healthcare Systems and Reforms","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11531","display_name":"Healthcare Systems and Reforms","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12781","display_name":"Global Health Care Issues","score":0.000699999975040555,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10391","display_name":"Healthcare Policy and Management","score":0.00039999998989515007,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/benefit-incidence-analysis","display_name":"benefit incidence","score":0.9599999785423279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/public-health-expenditure","display_name":"public health expenditure","score":0.7919999957084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/health-care-subsidies","display_name":"health subsidies","score":0.5960000157356262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/income-distribution","display_name":"income distribution","score":0.460999995470047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/health-care-utilization","display_name":"health care utilization","score":0.6629999876022339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cost-of-care","display_name":"cost of care","score":0.6769999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-health-insurance","display_name":"social health insurance","score":0.9470000267028809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vietnam","display_name":"Vietnam","score":0.38100001215934753}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84265765","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193219","display_name":"Subsidy","level":2,"score":0.8927669525146484},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100001284","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2248246","display_name":"Public economics","level":1,"score":0.7323143482208252},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177225278","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192674","display_name":"Factoring","level":2,"score":0.7214745879173279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778137410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2732820","display_name":"Government (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.6617435216903687},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.6056029200553894},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160735492","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q31207","display_name":"Health care","level":2,"score":0.5026130676269531},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2983635472","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q334911","display_name":"Health insurance","level":3,"score":0.43773290514945984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162118730","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1128453","display_name":"Actuarial science","level":1,"score":0.3649616539478302},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.3416556715965271},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50522688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189833","display_name":"Economic growth","level":1,"score":0.17629975080490112},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.13693174719810486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34447519","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179522","display_name":"Market economy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003362","descriptor_name":"Cost-Benefit Analysis","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005102","descriptor_name":"Health Expenditures","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005380","descriptor_name":"Financing, Government","qualifier_ui":"Q000191","qualifier_name":"economics","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005382","descriptor_name":"Financing, Personal","qualifier_ui":"Q000191","qualifier_name":"economics","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007348","descriptor_name":"Insurance, Health","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012923","descriptor_name":"Social Class","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D014481","descriptor_name":"United States","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1002/hec.1727","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hec.1727","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hec.1727","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S145200904","display_name":"Health Economics","issn_l":"1057-9230","issn":["1057-9230","1099-1050"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a-star","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","doyens","fnege-2","jufo-2","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Health Economics","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:21394820","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21394820","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Health economics","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:wbk:wbrwps:5234","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/WDSContentServer/WDSP/IB/2010/03/10/000158349_20100310092201/Rendered/PDF/WPS5234.pdf","pdf_url":"http://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/WDSContentServer/WDSP/IB/2010/03/10/000158349_20100310092201/Rendered/PDF/WPS5234.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"preprint"},{"id":"mag:3123830862","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://autopapers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1569335","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210172589","display_name":"SSRN Electronic Journal","issn_l":"1556-5068","issn":["1556-5068"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1318003438","host_organization_name":"RELX Group (Netherlands)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1318003438"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"SSRN Electronic Journal","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"mag:3123830862","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://autopapers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1569335","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210172589","display_name":"SSRN Electronic Journal","issn_l":"1556-5068","issn":["1556-5068"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1318003438","host_organization_name":"RELX Group (Netherlands)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1318003438"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"SSRN Electronic Journal","raw_type":null},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","display_name":"Reduced inequalities","score":0.7307999730110168},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.428600013256073}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320307855","display_name":"World Bank Group","ror":"https://ror.org/00ae7jd04"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":12,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1533024697","https://openalex.org/W1841733224","https://openalex.org/W1919415594","https://openalex.org/W1981191266","https://openalex.org/W2056668980","https://openalex.org/W2068300445","https://openalex.org/W2104590203","https://openalex.org/W2125815057","https://openalex.org/W2131251371","https://openalex.org/W3125177070","https://openalex.org/W3126129487","https://openalex.org/W4253754543"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2362621758","https://openalex.org/W7171651097","https://openalex.org/W4283805207","https://openalex.org/W183509675","https://openalex.org/W2377342317","https://openalex.org/W2803312809","https://openalex.org/W2625037324","https://openalex.org/W4411494674","https://openalex.org/W7118017876","https://openalex.org/W2166259027"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Authors":[0],"of":[1,37,57,90,100,130],"benefit-incidence":[2],"analyses":[3],"(BIA)":[4],"have":[5,81],"to":[6,45,76,97],"impute":[7],"subsidies":[8,16,131],"using":[9],"assumptions":[10,40,80,124],"about":[11],"the":[12,19,27,38,62,85,98,106,121,133],"relationship":[13],"between":[14],"unobserved":[15],"'captured'":[17],"by":[18],"household":[20,28],"and":[21,29,84],"what":[22],"can":[23],"be":[24],"observed":[25],"at":[26],"aggregate":[30],"levels.":[31],"This":[32],"paper":[33,86],"shows":[34,103],"that":[35,92,104,142],"one":[36],"two":[39,122,134],"used":[41],"in":[42,105,114,144,149],"BIA":[43,145,162],"studies":[44],"date":[46],"will":[47,125],"necessarily":[48],"produce":[49,126],"a":[50,88,115],"more":[51,69,116],"pro-rich":[52,70,117,128],"(or":[53],"less":[54,127],"pro-poor)":[55],"picture":[56],"government":[58],"health":[59,151],"spending":[60],"than":[61,73,119,132],"other,":[63],"depending":[64],"on":[65],"whether":[66],"utilization":[67],"is":[68],"or":[71],"pro-poor":[72],"fees":[74,95,111],"paid":[75,96],"public":[77],"providers.":[78],"Both":[79],"their":[82],"disadvantages,":[83],"suggests":[87],"couple":[89],"alternatives":[91],"explicitly":[93],"link":[94],"costliness":[99],"care.":[101],"It":[102],"most":[107],"likely":[108],"case":[109],"where":[110],"are":[112,139,157],"distributed":[113],"fashion":[118],"utilization,":[120],"traditional":[123],"distributions":[129],"new":[135],"alternatives.":[136],"Also":[137],"considered":[138],"three":[140],"complications":[141],"arise":[143],"studies,":[146],"including":[147],"factoring":[148],"social":[150],"insurance.":[152],"The":[153],"paper's":[154],"theoretical":[155],"results":[156],"illustrated":[158],"with":[159],"an":[160],"empirical":[161],"for":[163],"Vietnam.":[164]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":11}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}