{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2157684212","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4401/ag-6438","title":"Latitudinal characteristics of GPS derived ionospheric TEC: a comparative study with IRI 2012 model","display_name":"Latitudinal characteristics of GPS derived ionospheric TEC: a comparative study with IRI 2012 model","publication_year":2014,"publication_date":"2014-10-14","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2157684212","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4401/ag-6438","mag":"2157684212"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.4401/ag-6438","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4401/ag-6438","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.4401/ag-6438","pdf_url":"https://www.annalsofgeophysics.eu/index.php/annals/article/download/6438/6389","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S207841149","display_name":"Annals of Geophysics","issn_l":"0365-2556","issn":["0365-2556","1593-5213","2037-416X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","ddh","doaj","dongbi-c","jufo-1","norway-1","oarl","poland-70","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310317556","host_organization_name":"National Institute of Geophysics and Volcanology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310317556"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["National Institute of Geophysics and Volcanology"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Annals of Geophysics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://www.annalsofgeophysics.eu/index.php/annals/article/download/6438/6389","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065368606","display_name":"Monti Chakraborty","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2735-4170","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2735-4170"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I72677176","display_name":"Tripura University","ror":"https://ror.org/05xqycm14","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I72677176"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Monti Chakraborty","raw_affiliation_strings":["Tripura University, Department of Physics, Suryamaninagar, Tripura,"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tripura University, Department of Physics, Suryamaninagar, Tripura,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I72677176"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048128862","display_name":"Sanjay Kumar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0257-3051","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0257-3051","https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5439-5015"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I172675005","display_name":"Nanyang Technological University","ror":"https://ror.org/02e7b5302","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sanjay Kumar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Nanyang Technological University (NTU), School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering (EEE),"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nanyang Technological University (NTU), School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering (EEE),","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102324343","display_name":"Barin Kumar De","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I72677176","display_name":"Tripura University","ror":"https://ror.org/05xqycm14","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I72677176"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Barin Kumar De","raw_affiliation_strings":["Tripura University, Department of Physics, Suryamaninagar, Tripura,"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tripura University, Department of Physics, Suryamaninagar, Tripura,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I72677176"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020682992","display_name":"Anirban Guha","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1952-7916","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1952-7916","https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6318-6357"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I72677176","display_name":"Tripura University","ror":"https://ror.org/05xqycm14","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I72677176"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Anirban Guha","raw_affiliation_strings":["Tripura University, Department of Physics, Suryamaninagar, Tripura,"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tripura University, Department of Physics, Suryamaninagar, Tripura,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I72677176"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.0386,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":51,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.91953042,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"57","issue":"5","first_page":"A0539","last_page":"A0539"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10159","display_name":"Ionosphere and magnetosphere dynamics","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1912","display_name":"Space and Planetary Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10159","display_name":"Ionosphere and magnetosphere dynamics","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1912","display_name":"Space and Planetary Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10655","display_name":"GNSS positioning and interference","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12424","display_name":"Earthquake Detection and Analysis","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1908","display_name":"Geophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/total-electron-content","display_name":"total electron content","score":0.9929999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/latitudinal-variation","display_name":"latitudinal variation","score":0.8730000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/equatorial-ionization-anomaly","display_name":"equatorial ionization anomaly","score":0.847000002861023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/iri-2012-model","display_name":"IRI-2012 model","score":0.925000011920929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/model-validation","display_name":"model validation","score":0.6230000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/diurnal-variation","display_name":"diurnal variation","score":0.6129999756813049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/seasonal-variation","display_name":"seasonal variation","score":0.9789999723434448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gps-data","display_name":"GPS data","score":0.39500001072883606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/low-latitude-ionosphere","display_name":"low-latitude ionosphere","score":0.7860000133514404}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C176379880","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18031939","display_name":"TEC","level":3,"score":0.9911915063858032},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165391973","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844304","display_name":"Total electron content","level":4,"score":0.7619616985321045},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C122523270","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34027","display_name":"Latitude","level":2,"score":0.7616854906082153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777966019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1666845","display_name":"International Reference Ionosphere","level":5,"score":0.7040327787399292},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12997251","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q567560","display_name":"Anomaly (physics)","level":2,"score":0.6839126348495483},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116403925","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162219","display_name":"Ionosphere","level":2,"score":0.6629965305328369},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.5971264243125916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2991837008","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42530","display_name":"Low latitude","level":3,"score":0.5747125148773193},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C91586092","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q757520","display_name":"Atmospheric sciences","level":1,"score":0.5335161089897156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60229501","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18822","display_name":"Global Positioning System","level":2,"score":0.42123979330062866},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49204034","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52139","display_name":"Climatology","level":1,"score":0.3962404131889343},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153294291","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25261","display_name":"Meteorology","level":1,"score":0.3495939075946808},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13280743","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131089","display_name":"Geodesy","level":1,"score":0.3027718663215637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.280193030834198},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.16568222641944885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.08708629012107849},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8058405","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q46255","display_name":"Geophysics","level":1,"score":0.07190915942192078},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26873012","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q214781","display_name":"Condensed matter physics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.4401/ag-6438","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4401/ag-6438","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.4401/ag-6438","pdf_url":"https://www.annalsofgeophysics.eu/index.php/annals/article/download/6438/6389","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S207841149","display_name":"Annals of Geophysics","issn_l":"0365-2556","issn":["0365-2556","1593-5213","2037-416X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","ddh","doaj","dongbi-c","jufo-1","norway-1","oarl","poland-70","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310317556","host_organization_name":"National Institute of Geophysics and Volcanology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310317556"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["National Institute of Geophysics and Volcanology"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Annals of Geophysics","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.659.3224","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.659.3224","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.annalsofgeophysics.eu/index.php/annals/article/download/6438/6389/","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.863.7039","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.863.7039","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"https://dr.ntu.edu.sg/bitstream/handle/10220/25900/Latitudinal%20characteristics%20of%20GPS%20derived%20ionospheric%20TEC_a%20comparative%20study%20with%20IRI%202012%20model.pdf%3Bjsessionid%3D8C07258012DC828D965A0B33B5403138?sequence%3D1","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:130733aa2caf479cb43504d9ac22b599","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/130733aa2caf479cb43504d9ac22b599","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Annals of Geophysics, Vol 57, Iss 5 (2014)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:dr.ntu.edu.sg:10356/104374","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/10356/104374","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402609","display_name":"DR-NTU (Nanyang Technological University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I172675005","host_organization_name":"Nanyang Technological University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.4401/ag-6438","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4401/ag-6438","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.4401/ag-6438","pdf_url":"https://www.annalsofgeophysics.eu/index.php/annals/article/download/6438/6389","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S207841149","display_name":"Annals of Geophysics","issn_l":"0365-2556","issn":["0365-2556","1593-5213","2037-416X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","ddh","doaj","dongbi-c","jufo-1","norway-1","oarl","poland-70","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310317556","host_organization_name":"National Institute of Geophysics and Volcanology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310317556"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["National Institute of Geophysics and Volcanology"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Annals of Geophysics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320310992","display_name":"University of Bern","ror":"https://ror.org/02k7v4d05"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2157684212.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2157684212.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":55,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W144201676","https://openalex.org/W607416012","https://openalex.org/W1522290401","https://openalex.org/W1633983593","https://openalex.org/W1680745618","https://openalex.org/W1902661182","https://openalex.org/W1966546855","https://openalex.org/W1967169825","https://openalex.org/W1975346494","https://openalex.org/W1983271614","https://openalex.org/W1984519434","https://openalex.org/W1986964719","https://openalex.org/W1989942388","https://openalex.org/W1992830971","https://openalex.org/W1994014132","https://openalex.org/W1995716566","https://openalex.org/W1996453236","https://openalex.org/W2003372174","https://openalex.org/W2008875611","https://openalex.org/W2013743268","https://openalex.org/W2015998036","https://openalex.org/W2016277176","https://openalex.org/W2022032575","https://openalex.org/W2031078297","https://openalex.org/W2036851503","https://openalex.org/W2037090027","https://openalex.org/W2043693719","https://openalex.org/W2044621487","https://openalex.org/W2048469632","https://openalex.org/W2052133287","https://openalex.org/W2052174069","https://openalex.org/W2055423051","https://openalex.org/W2059906660","https://openalex.org/W2061030442","https://openalex.org/W2073202727","https://openalex.org/W2075056964","https://openalex.org/W2075097022","https://openalex.org/W2080308958","https://openalex.org/W2080748393","https://openalex.org/W2081932370","https://openalex.org/W2083232510","https://openalex.org/W2090836712","https://openalex.org/W2092636201","https://openalex.org/W2094558910","https://openalex.org/W2097890888","https://openalex.org/W2099412474","https://openalex.org/W2109818826","https://openalex.org/W2122324396","https://openalex.org/W2139602213","https://openalex.org/W2146272486","https://openalex.org/W2147719468","https://openalex.org/W2149028582","https://openalex.org/W2519056906","https://openalex.org/W3007509882","https://openalex.org/W3026788774"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7097197062","https://openalex.org/W860067309","https://openalex.org/W2079624896","https://openalex.org/W2546910533","https://openalex.org/W2165433325","https://openalex.org/W2005600773","https://openalex.org/W2328814764","https://openalex.org/W2046666392","https://openalex.org/W2086267815","https://openalex.org/W2742627727"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,29,46,170,203],"present":[1],"study":[2,58],"investigates":[3],"the":[4,70,82,87,96,103,132,137,152,156,165,173,193,234,239],"variation":[5,74],"of":[6,26,52,63,72,75,92,110,230,233],"Total":[7],"Electron":[8],"Content":[9],"(TEC)":[10],"using":[11,127],"Global":[12],"Positioning":[13],"System":[14],"(GPS)":[15],"satellites":[16],"from":[17,66,120,141,238],"four":[18,97],"equatorial":[19],"to":[20,57,150,206,214],"mid-latitudes":[21],"stations":[22,30,68,98],"over":[23],"a":[24,148,185,228],"period":[25],"one":[27],"year.":[28],"are":[31,178],"Port":[32],"Blair":[33],"(11.63\u00b0N,":[34],"92.70\u00b0E),":[35],"Agartala":[36],"(23.75\u00b0N,":[37],"91.25\u00b0E),":[38],"Lhasa":[39],"(29.65\u00b0N,":[40],"91.10\u00b0E)":[41],"and":[42,49,89,116,144,175,236],"Urumqi":[43],"(43.46\u00b0N,":[44],"87.16\u00b0E).":[45],"diurnal,":[47],"monthly":[48,88],"seasonal":[50,90],"variations":[51,91],"TEC":[53,64,118,134,140,154,191,225],"have":[54,99],"been":[55,100],"explored":[56],"its":[59],"latitudinal":[60,73],"characteristics.":[61],"Analysis":[62],"data":[65],"these":[67],"reveals":[69],"characteristics":[71],"Equatorial":[76],"Ionospheric":[77],"Anomaly":[78],"(EIA).":[79],"To":[80],"validate":[81],"latest":[83],"IRI":[84,128,188],"2012":[85,129,189],"model,":[86],"GPS-TEC":[93],"at":[94,136,197],"all":[95],"compared":[101],"with":[102,192],"model":[104,130,174],"for":[105],"three":[106],"different":[107],"topside":[108],"options":[109,146],"electron":[111,124],"density,":[112],"namely,":[113],"NeQuick,":[114],"IRI-01-corr":[115,145],"IRI-2001.":[117],"predictions":[119],"IRI-2001":[121],"top":[122],"side":[123],"density":[125],"option":[126],"overestimates":[131],"observed":[133,153,176],"especially":[135],"low":[138,161,198],"latitudes.":[139],"IRI-":[142],"NeQuick":[143],"shows":[147],"tendency":[149],"underestimate":[151],"during":[155],"day":[157],"time":[158],"particularly":[159],"in":[160,164,180,209,212,224],"latitude":[162,182,199,216],"region":[163],"high":[166],"solar":[167],"activity":[168],"period.":[169],"agreement":[171],"between":[172,187],"values":[177],"reasonable":[179],"mid":[181,215],"regions.":[183,217],"However,":[184],"discrepancy":[186,204,223],"derived":[190],"ground":[194],"based":[195],"observations":[196],"regions":[200,211],"is":[201,219],"found.":[202],"appears":[205],"be":[207],"higher":[208],"low-latitude":[210],"comparison":[213],"It":[218],"concluded":[220],"that":[221],"largest":[222],"occur":[226],"as":[227],"result":[229],"poor":[231],"estimation":[232],"hmF2":[235],"foF2":[237],"coefficients.":[240]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-11-10T11:39:43.021295","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}