{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2157206590","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2008.01754.x","title":"What limits fire? An examination of drivers of burnt area in Southern Africa","display_name":"What limits fire? An examination of drivers of burnt area in Southern Africa","publication_year":2009,"publication_date":"2009-01-14","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2157206590","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2008.01754.x","mag":"2157206590"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1111/j.1365-2486.2008.01754.x","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2008.01754.x","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2008.01754.x","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S74970393","display_name":"Global Change Biology","issn_l":"1354-1013","issn":["1354-1013","1365-2486"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","jufo-3","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Global Change Biology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/113064","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074584371","display_name":"Sally A. Archibald","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2786-3976","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2786-3976"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I21360634","display_name":"Council for Scientific and Industrial Research","ror":"https://ror.org/05j00sr48","country_code":"ZA","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I21360634"]}],"countries":["ZA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"SALLY ARCHIBALD","raw_affiliation_strings":["Natural Resources and the Environment, CSIR, PO Box 395, Pretoria 0001, South Africa,"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Natural Resources and the Environment, CSIR, PO Box 395, Pretoria 0001, South Africa,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I21360634"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033254735","display_name":"David P. Roy","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1347-0250","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1347-0250"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I177156846","display_name":"South Dakota State University","ror":"https://ror.org/015jmes13","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177156846"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"DAVID P. ROY","raw_affiliation_strings":["Geographic Information Science Centre of Excellence, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57007, USA,"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Geographic Information Science Centre of Excellence, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57007, USA,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177156846"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045452951","display_name":"Brian W. van Wilgen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1536-7521","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1536-7521"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I21360634","display_name":"Council for Scientific and Industrial Research","ror":"https://ror.org/05j00sr48","country_code":"ZA","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I21360634"]}],"countries":["ZA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"BRIAN W. Van WILGEN","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre for Invasion Biology, Natural Resources and the Environment, CSIR, PO Box 320, Stellenbosch, South Africa,"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre for Invasion Biology, Natural Resources and the Environment, CSIR, PO Box 320, Stellenbosch, South Africa,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I21360634"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009647855","display_name":"Robert J. Scholes","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5537-6935","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5537-6935"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I21360634","display_name":"Council for Scientific and Industrial Research","ror":"https://ror.org/05j00sr48","country_code":"ZA","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I21360634"]}],"countries":["ZA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"ROBERT J. SCHOLES","raw_affiliation_strings":["Natural Resources and the Environment, CSIR, PO Box 395, Pretoria 0001, South Africa,"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Natural Resources and the Environment, CSIR, PO Box 395, Pretoria 0001, South Africa,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I21360634"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5074584371"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I21360634"],"apc_list":{"value":4550,"currency":"USD","value_usd":4550},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":25.1937,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":820,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99760556,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"15","issue":"3","first_page":"613","last_page":"630"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10555","display_name":"Fire effects on ecosystems","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10555","display_name":"Fire effects on ecosystems","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13388","display_name":"Rangeland and Wildlife Management","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10226","display_name":"Land Use and Ecosystem Services","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fire-regimes","display_name":"fire regimes","score":0.4580000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/burned-area","display_name":"burned area","score":0.8600000143051147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fire-drivers","display_name":"fire drivers","score":0.6790000200271606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human-influence-on-fire","display_name":"human influence on fire","score":0.5860000252723694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/precipitation-seasonality","display_name":"precipitation seasonality","score":0.777999997138977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tree-cover","display_name":"tree cover","score":0.6869999766349792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fuel-load","display_name":"fuel load","score":0.7919999957084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/moisture","display_name":"moisture","score":0.4659999907016754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/grazing","display_name":"grazing","score":0.8970000147819519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/roads","display_name":"roads","score":0.7770000100135803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/population-density","display_name":"population density","score":0.9480000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cultivation","display_name":"cultivation","score":0.7950000166893005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ignition","display_name":"ignition","score":0.6779999732971191},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fire-prediction","display_name":"fire prediction","score":0.5929999947547913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/southern-africa","display_name":"Southern Africa","score":0.8539999723434448}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.5729323029518127},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100970517","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52107","display_name":"Physical geography","level":1,"score":0.5696772933006287},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.48927637934684753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C125403950","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2111082","display_name":"Seasonality","level":2,"score":0.4790688455104828},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89736061","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5451644","display_name":"Fire regime","level":3,"score":0.4536163806915283},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.44813239574432373},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904157","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3239189","display_name":"Grazing","level":2,"score":0.4259307384490967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18678713","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80205","display_name":"Dendrochronology","level":2,"score":0.41038402915000916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.35962438583374023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49204034","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52139","display_name":"Climatology","level":1,"score":0.3242855668067932},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149923435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37732","display_name":"Demography","level":1,"score":0.1266389787197113},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.11991065740585327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110872660","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37813","display_name":"Ecosystem","level":2,"score":0.10224804282188416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.08573907613754272},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1111/j.1365-2486.2008.01754.x","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2008.01754.x","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2008.01754.x","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S74970393","display_name":"Global Change Biology","issn_l":"1354-1013","issn":["1354-1013","1365-2486"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","jufo-3","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Global Change Biology","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:scholar.sun.ac.za:10019.1/113064","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/113064","pdf_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/113064","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400300","display_name":"SUNScholar (Stellenbosch University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I26092322","host_organization_name":"Stellenbosch University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I26092322"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"JournalArticles"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.506.9279","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.506.9279","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://researchspace.csir.co.za/dspace/bitstream/10204/3415/1/Archibald1_2009.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:openprairie.sdstate.edu:gsce_pubs-1091","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://openprairie.sdstate.edu/gsce_pubs/108","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196457","display_name":"Open PRAIRIE (South Dakota State University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I177156846","host_organization_name":"South Dakota State University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177156846"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"GSCE Faculty Publications","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"mag:2186868347","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://researchspace.csir.co.za/dspace/bitstream/10204/3415/1/Archibald1_2009.pdf","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:scholar.sun.ac.za:10019.1/113064","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/113064","pdf_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/113064","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400300","display_name":"SUNScholar (Stellenbosch University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I26092322","host_organization_name":"Stellenbosch University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I26092322"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"JournalArticles"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Life on land","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/15","score":0.8518999814987183},{"display_name":"Climate action","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/13","score":0.821399986743927}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306101","display_name":"National Aeronautics and Space Administration","ror":"https://ror.org/027ka1x80"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2157206590.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2157206590.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":72,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W586341993","https://openalex.org/W627446231","https://openalex.org/W1493527147","https://openalex.org/W1513832152","https://openalex.org/W1556000061","https://openalex.org/W1594031697","https://openalex.org/W1605592858","https://openalex.org/W1799900169","https://openalex.org/W1907902785","https://openalex.org/W1966272358","https://openalex.org/W1974877275","https://openalex.org/W1977945389","https://openalex.org/W1981541078","https://openalex.org/W1984868512","https://openalex.org/W1985865995","https://openalex.org/W1987347652","https://openalex.org/W1991439101","https://openalex.org/W2004934538","https://openalex.org/W2005346653","https://openalex.org/W2010126995","https://openalex.org/W2015525638","https://openalex.org/W2017359832","https://openalex.org/W2017936446","https://openalex.org/W2020271306","https://openalex.org/W2023094810","https://openalex.org/W2024689500","https://openalex.org/W2029256687","https://openalex.org/W2029544742","https://openalex.org/W2029998296","https://openalex.org/W2034347956","https://openalex.org/W2043739439","https://openalex.org/W2043956886","https://openalex.org/W2047328724","https://openalex.org/W2049382750","https://openalex.org/W2059455952","https://openalex.org/W2067817178","https://openalex.org/W2072483380","https://openalex.org/W2076978655","https://openalex.org/W2079163277","https://openalex.org/W2094466200","https://openalex.org/W2096904991","https://openalex.org/W2102793720","https://openalex.org/W2104968988","https://openalex.org/W2105959972","https://openalex.org/W2109806406","https://openalex.org/W2110659496","https://openalex.org/W2110846758","https://openalex.org/W2115435843","https://openalex.org/W2129327762","https://openalex.org/W2129775337","https://openalex.org/W2138044865","https://openalex.org/W2153322439","https://openalex.org/W2158031389","https://openalex.org/W2161293062","https://openalex.org/W2161548576","https://openalex.org/W2165977355","https://openalex.org/W2167383695","https://openalex.org/W2170982346","https://openalex.org/W2171389098","https://openalex.org/W2185473118","https://openalex.org/W2198912213","https://openalex.org/W2231167077","https://openalex.org/W2249668238","https://openalex.org/W2296358704","https://openalex.org/W2331805667","https://openalex.org/W2416621013","https://openalex.org/W2911964244","https://openalex.org/W3072999050","https://openalex.org/W4245325613","https://openalex.org/W4247194611","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W4301046888"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W67399833","https://openalex.org/W1832209451","https://openalex.org/W7096855853","https://openalex.org/W7099534670","https://openalex.org/W2995126610","https://openalex.org/W7100101745","https://openalex.org/W2122136101","https://openalex.org/W4389961607","https://openalex.org/W4213231869","https://openalex.org/W2091422874"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"The":[1,75,152],"factors":[2,31],"controlling":[3],"the":[4,12,29,47,55,70,80,89,97,129,141,165,170,185,223,240],"extent":[5],"of":[6,11,50,72,79,128,169,229,242],"fire":[7,194,200,230],"in":[8,53,82,88,126,137,177],"Africa":[9],"south":[10],"equator":[13],"were":[14,96,117,159],"investigated":[15],"using":[16],"moderate":[17],"resolution":[18],"(500":[19],"m)":[20],"satellite\u2010derived":[21],"burned":[22,56],"area":[23,57,163,212],"maps":[24],"and":[25,59,66,93,113,135,167,180,205,226,231,238],"spatial":[26,171],"data":[27],"on":[28,69,164],"environmental":[30],"thought":[32],"to":[33,45,60,120,140,149,175],"affect":[34,121],"burnt":[35,73,83,122,162,211,247],"area.":[36,74,84,248],"A":[37],"random":[38],"forest":[39],"regression":[40,186],"tree":[41,187],"procedure":[42],"was":[43,173],"used":[44],"determine":[46],"relative":[48,233],"importance":[49,234],"each":[51],"factor":[52],"explaining":[54],"fraction":[58,115],"address":[61],"hypotheses":[62],"concerned":[63],"with":[64,131],"human":[65,146,203,227],"climatic":[67,133],"influences":[68],"drivers":[71,228],"model":[76],"explained":[77],"68%":[78],"variance":[81],"Tree":[85],"cover,":[86],"rainfall":[87,94,191,208,216],"previous":[90],"2":[91],"years,":[92],"seasonality":[95],"most":[98,168],"important":[99],"predictors.":[100],"Human":[101],"activities":[102],"\u2013":[103,116],"represented":[104],"by":[105,215],"grazing,":[106],"roads":[107],"per":[108],"unit":[109],"area,":[110,123],"population":[111],"density,":[112],"cultivation":[114],"also":[118],"shown":[119],"but":[124],"only":[125],"parts":[127],"continent":[130],"specific":[132],"conditions,":[134],"often":[136],"ways":[138],"counter":[139],"prevailing":[142],"wisdom":[143],"that":[144,157],"more":[145,150],"activity":[147],"leads":[148],"fire.":[151],"analysis":[153],"found":[154],"no":[155],"indication":[156],"ignitions":[158],"limiting":[160],"total":[161],"continent,":[166],"variation":[172,176],"due":[174],"fuel":[178],"load":[179],"moisture.":[181],"Split":[182],"conditions":[183],"from":[184],"identified":[188],"(i)":[189],"low":[190],"regions,":[192],"where":[193,199,210],"is":[195,201,213],"rare;":[196],"(ii)":[197],"regions":[198,209],"under":[202],"control;":[204],"(iii)":[206],"higher":[207],"determined":[214],"seasonality.":[217],"This":[218],"study":[219],"provides":[220],"insights":[221],"into":[222],"physical,":[224],"climatic,":[225],"their":[232],"across":[235],"southern":[236],"Africa,":[237],"represents":[239],"beginnings":[241],"a":[243],"predictive":[244],"framework":[245],"for":[246]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":57},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":51},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":56},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":59},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":60},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":45},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":50},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":46},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":66},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":39},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":48},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":39},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":39},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":41},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":45}],"updated_date":"2026-11-10T11:39:43.021295","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
