{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2157104368","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1479-828x.1997.tb02443.x","title":"Urinary Cotinine Levels in Early Pregnancy","display_name":"Urinary Cotinine Levels in Early Pregnancy","publication_year":1997,"publication_date":"1997-11-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2157104368","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1479-828x.1997.tb02443.x","mag":"2157104368","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9429697"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1111/j.1479-828x.1997.tb02443.x","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1479-828x.1997.tb02443.x","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1479-828x.1997.tb02443.x","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S104741914","display_name":"Australian and New Zealand Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology","issn_l":"0004-8666","issn":["0004-8666","1479-828X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-1","medline","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Australian and New Zealand Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054138244","display_name":"Maria Foundas","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I177877127","display_name":"The University of Western Australia","ror":"https://ror.org/047272k79","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177877127"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800419323","display_name":"Princess Margaret Hospital for Children","ror":"https://ror.org/04ec98z42","country_code":"AU","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799506148","https://openalex.org/I2800419323","https://openalex.org/I2800882159","https://openalex.org/I4387155440"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Maria Foundas","raw_affiliation_strings":["Princess Margaret Hospital for Children, Department of Paediatrics, Perth, Western Australia","Princess Margaret Hospital for Children, Department of Paediatrics, and Department of Public Health and Behavioural Science, University of Western Australia Perth, Western Australia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Princess Margaret Hospital for Children, Department of Paediatrics, Perth, Western Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800419323"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Princess Margaret Hospital for Children, Department of Paediatrics, and Department of Public Health and Behavioural Science, University of Western Australia Perth, Western Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177877127","https://openalex.org/I2800419323"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065152903","display_name":"Natalie C. Hawkrigg","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I177877127","display_name":"The University of Western Australia","ror":"https://ror.org/047272k79","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177877127"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800419323","display_name":"Princess Margaret Hospital for Children","ror":"https://ror.org/04ec98z42","country_code":"AU","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799506148","https://openalex.org/I2800419323","https://openalex.org/I2800882159","https://openalex.org/I4387155440"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Natalie C. Hawkrigg","raw_affiliation_strings":["Princess Margaret Hospital for Children, Department of Paediatrics, and Department of Public Health and Behavioural Science, University of Western Australia Perth, Western Australia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Princess Margaret Hospital for Children, Department of Paediatrics, and Department of Public Health and Behavioural Science, University of Western Australia Perth, Western Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177877127","https://openalex.org/I2800419323"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Sarah M.S. Smith","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I177877127","display_name":"The University of Western Australia","ror":"https://ror.org/047272k79","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177877127"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800419323","display_name":"Princess Margaret Hospital for Children","ror":"https://ror.org/04ec98z42","country_code":"AU","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799506148","https://openalex.org/I2800419323","https://openalex.org/I2800882159","https://openalex.org/I4387155440"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sarah M.S. Smith","raw_affiliation_strings":["Princess Margaret Hospital for Children, Department of Paediatrics, and Department of Public Health and Behavioural Science, University of Western Australia Perth, Western Australia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Princess Margaret Hospital for Children, Department of Paediatrics, and Department of Public Health and Behavioural Science, University of Western Australia Perth, Western Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177877127","https://openalex.org/I2800419323"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110284344","display_name":"Sunalene G. Devadason","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I177877127","display_name":"The University of Western Australia","ror":"https://ror.org/047272k79","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177877127"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800419323","display_name":"Princess Margaret Hospital for Children","ror":"https://ror.org/04ec98z42","country_code":"AU","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799506148","https://openalex.org/I2800419323","https://openalex.org/I2800882159","https://openalex.org/I4387155440"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sunalene G. Devadason","raw_affiliation_strings":["Princess Margaret Hospital for Children, Department of Paediatrics, and Department of Public Health and Behavioural Science, University of Western Australia Perth, Western Australia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Princess Margaret Hospital for Children, Department of Paediatrics, and Department of Public Health and Behavioural Science, University of Western Australia Perth, Western Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177877127","https://openalex.org/I2800419323"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041041126","display_name":"Peter Neils Le Sou\u00ebf","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0930-1654","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0930-1654"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I177877127","display_name":"The University of Western Australia","ror":"https://ror.org/047272k79","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177877127"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800419323","display_name":"Princess Margaret Hospital for Children","ror":"https://ror.org/04ec98z42","country_code":"AU","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799506148","https://openalex.org/I2800419323","https://openalex.org/I2800882159","https://openalex.org/I4387155440"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Peter N. Le Souef","raw_affiliation_strings":["Associate Professor of Paediatrics of 2","Princess Margaret Hospital for Children, Department of Paediatrics, and Department of Public Health and Behavioural Science, University of Western Australia Perth, Western Australia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Associate Professor of Paediatrics of 2","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Princess Margaret Hospital for Children, Department of Paediatrics, and Department of Public Health and Behavioural Science, University of Western Australia Perth, Western Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177877127","https://openalex.org/I2800419323"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5065152903"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177877127","https://openalex.org/I2800419323"],"apc_list":{"value":3920,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3920},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.8137,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":16,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.75072697,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"37","issue":"4","first_page":"383","last_page":"386"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10060","display_name":"Smoking Behavior and Cessation","score":0.9955999851226807,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2737","display_name":"Physiology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10060","display_name":"Smoking Behavior and Cessation","score":0.9955999851226807,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2737","display_name":"Physiology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11633","display_name":"Prenatal Substance Exposure Effects","score":0.0038999998942017555,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2735","display_name":"Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11964","display_name":"Pregnancy and Medication Impact","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/urinary-cotinine","display_name":"urinary cotinine","score":0.9959999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/early-pregnancy","display_name":"early pregnancy","score":0.9070000052452087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/maternal-smoking","display_name":"maternal smoking","score":0.8820000290870667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/passive-smoking","display_name":"passive smoking","score":0.8100000023841858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/prenatal-nicotine-exposure","display_name":"prenatal nicotine exposure","score":0.8519999980926514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intention-to-quit-smoking","display_name":"smoking cessation intentions","score":0.6890000104904175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cigarette-consumption","display_name":"cigarette consumption","score":0.6679999828338623}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776319443","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q421177","display_name":"Cotinine","level":3,"score":0.9846763610839844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779547902","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q28086552","display_name":"Nicotine","level":2,"score":0.7709801197052002},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.7628257870674133},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779234561","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11995","display_name":"Pregnancy","level":2,"score":0.7241707444190979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46973012","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q28627","display_name":"Gestation","level":3,"score":0.7079450488090515},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77411442","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181100","display_name":"Urinary system","level":2,"score":0.6454041004180908},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780026642","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q40924","display_name":"Urine","level":2,"score":0.587007999420166},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776281542","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q259516","display_name":"Passive smoking","level":2,"score":0.5379515290260315},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42407357","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q521","display_name":"Physiology","level":1,"score":0.5336751341819763},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780306776","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q426660","display_name":"Creatinine","level":2,"score":0.5153385996818542},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778355491","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2386268","display_name":"Tobacco smoke","level":2,"score":0.5113522410392761},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C131872663","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5284418","display_name":"Obstetrics","level":1,"score":0.48496341705322266},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C172680121","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26513","display_name":"Fetus","level":3,"score":0.44244545698165894},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188816634","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2113324","display_name":"Prospective cohort study","level":2,"score":0.42451798915863037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29456083","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1221899","display_name":"Gynecology","level":1,"score":0.3261450529098511},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.2746480405330658},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99454951","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q932068","display_name":"Environmental health","level":1,"score":0.226864755153656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.05763167142868042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54355233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162","display_name":"Genetics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003367","descriptor_name":"Cotinine","qualifier_ui":"Q000652","qualifier_name":"urine","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011247","descriptor_name":"Pregnancy","qualifier_ui":"Q000652","qualifier_name":"urine","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D011261","descriptor_name":"Pregnancy Trimester, First","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012907","descriptor_name":"Smoking","qualifier_ui":"Q000652","qualifier_name":"urine","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D016540","descriptor_name":"Smoking Cessation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1111/j.1479-828x.1997.tb02443.x","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1479-828x.1997.tb02443.x","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1479-828x.1997.tb02443.x","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S104741914","display_name":"Australian and New Zealand Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology","issn_l":"0004-8666","issn":["0004-8666","1479-828X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-1","medline","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Australian and New Zealand Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:9429697","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9429697","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Australian & New Zealand journal of obstetrics & gynaecology","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.atira.dk:publications/41024de8-d710-4716-b8b8-a739dc1a7e83","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://research-repository.uwa.edu.au/en/publications/41024de8-d710-4716-b8b8-a739dc1a7e83","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402492","display_name":"UWA Profiles and Research Repository (UWA)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I177877127","host_organization_name":"The University of Western Australia","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177877127"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Foundas, M, Hawkrigg, N C, Smith, S S, Devadason, S & Lesouef, P 1997, 'Urinary cotinine levels in early pregnancy', Australian and New Zealand Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, vol. 37, pp. 383-386.","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.98580002784729}],"study_designs":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study","display_name":"Observational Study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":13,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W89595053","https://openalex.org/W1987157982","https://openalex.org/W2001271283","https://openalex.org/W2017224546","https://openalex.org/W2019321218","https://openalex.org/W2062672885","https://openalex.org/W2093292331","https://openalex.org/W2098156235","https://openalex.org/W2132992881","https://openalex.org/W2154156621","https://openalex.org/W2203200142","https://openalex.org/W2258913074","https://openalex.org/W2271733236"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4292559606","https://openalex.org/W2004434283","https://openalex.org/W2147740073","https://openalex.org/W1978369914","https://openalex.org/W2409475057","https://openalex.org/W1975364740","https://openalex.org/W1893505354","https://openalex.org/W1835030700","https://openalex.org/W1999212373","https://openalex.org/W2145682038"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0],"tested":[1],"the":[2,44,65,110,143,146],"hypotheses":[3],"that":[4,18,141],"in":[5,90,117,162],"early":[6,178],"pregnancy":[7],"smokers":[8,95,165],"have":[9,25],"lower":[10,125,135],"urinary":[11,45],"cotinine":[12,27,46,91,107,136],"levels":[13,28,47,108,153],"than":[14,29,109],"nonpregnant":[15,54],"smokers,":[16],"and":[17,48,53,64,78,96],"pregnant":[19,52,94],"nonsmokers":[20,30,100],"exposed":[21,32,149],"to":[22,33,83,119,152,175,184],"passive":[23,34,102],"smoke":[24,103],"higher":[26,106],"not":[31,113,132,168],"smoke.":[35],"This":[36],"was":[37,59,81,87,122,131],"a":[38],"prospective,":[39],"quantitative,":[40],"comparative":[41],"study":[42],"of":[43,51,127,154,172,182],"smoking":[49,74,121,186],"characteristics":[50],"females.":[55],"A":[56,71],"urine":[57],"specimen":[58],"collected":[60],"from":[61,150],"each":[62,84],"subject":[63],"cotinine/creatinine":[66],"level":[67,92,171],"determined":[68],"using":[69],"radio-immunoassay.":[70],"questionnaire":[72],"regarding":[73],"status,":[75],"health":[76,195],"issues,":[77],"demographic":[79],"variables":[80],"administered":[82],"subject.":[85],"There":[86],"no":[88],"difference":[89],"between":[93],"control":[97],"smokers.":[98],"Pregnant":[99],"with":[101,124],"exposure":[104,174],"had":[105],"same":[111],"group":[112],"passively":[114],"exposed.":[115],"Confidence":[116],"ability":[118],"stop":[120],"associated":[123],"numbers":[126],"cigarettes":[128],"consumed,":[129],"but":[130],"reflected":[133],"by":[134],"levels.":[137],"These":[138],"data":[139],"suggest":[140],"if":[142],"mother":[144],"smokes,":[145],"fetus":[147],"is":[148,180],"conception":[151],"nicotine":[155,176],"which":[156],"are":[157,167],"as":[158,160],"high":[159],"those":[161],"adult":[163],"female":[164],"who":[166],"pregnant.":[169],"The":[170],"fetal":[173],"during":[177],"gestation":[179],"independent":[181],"intention":[183],"alter":[185],"behaviour.":[187],"Women":[188],"should":[189],"be":[190],"targeted":[191],"for":[192],"antismoking":[193],"public":[194],"messages":[196],"before":[197],"conception.":[198]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-10-31T12:09:11.096373","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
