{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2157048490","doi":null,"title":"The effects of social fear, maternal warmth, and biological sex on the development of social withdrawal in middle childhood","display_name":"The effects of social fear, maternal warmth, and biological sex on the development of social withdrawal in middle childhood","publication_year":2015,"publication_date":"2015-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2157048490","mag":"2157048490"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:libres.uncg.edu/18066","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://libres.uncg.edu/ir/uncg/f/BrownAshley_uncg_0154M_11683.pdf","pdf_url":"http://libres.uncg.edu/ir/uncg/f/BrownAshley_uncg_0154M_11683.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401856","display_name":"NC Digital Online Collection of Knowledge and Scholarship (The University of North Carolina at Greensboro)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I169335092","host_organization_name":"University of North Carolina at Greensboro","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I169335092"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"http://libres.uncg.edu/ir/uncg/f/BrownAshley_uncg_0154M_11683.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056085670","display_name":"Ashley Brown","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6743-3773","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6743-3773"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ashley Brown","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6743-3773","affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5056085670"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10182","display_name":"Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3203","display_name":"Clinical Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10182","display_name":"Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3203","display_name":"Clinical Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10589","display_name":"Early Childhood Education and Development","score":0.0003000000142492354,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10656","display_name":"Child and Animal Learning Development","score":0.00019999999494757503,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3204","display_name":"Developmental and Educational Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-fear","display_name":"social fear","score":0.9750000238418579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/maternal-warmth","display_name":"maternal warmth","score":0.7630000114440918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biological-sex","display_name":"biological sex","score":0.699999988079071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-withdrawal","display_name":"social withdrawal","score":0.8420000076293945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/withdrawal-behavior","display_name":"withdrawal behavior","score":0.9430000185966492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/middle-childhood","display_name":"middle childhood","score":0.9319999814033508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/temperament","display_name":"temperament","score":0.7710000276565552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/emotion-socialization","display_name":"emotion socialization","score":0.9269999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mother-child-interaction","display_name":"mother-child interaction","score":0.8610000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/moderation","display_name":"moderation","score":0.4729999899864197}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.8360798954963684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138496976","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175002","display_name":"Developmental psychology","level":1,"score":0.7344220876693726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3020182131","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6010868","display_name":"Social withdrawal","level":2,"score":0.6250450015068054},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C130064352","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q853725","display_name":"Social relation","level":2,"score":0.6025392413139343},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C25032326","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q185467","display_name":"Socialization","level":2,"score":0.5949762463569641},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61644593","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80157","display_name":"Temperament","level":3,"score":0.4933067858219147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776035688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1606558","display_name":"Affect (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.42074206471443176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.2116813361644745},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187288502","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q641118","display_name":"Personality","level":2,"score":0.18956592679023743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46312422","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11024","display_name":"Communication","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:libres.uncg.edu/18066","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://libres.uncg.edu/ir/uncg/f/BrownAshley_uncg_0154M_11683.pdf","pdf_url":"http://libres.uncg.edu/ir/uncg/f/BrownAshley_uncg_0154M_11683.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401856","display_name":"NC Digital Online Collection of Knowledge and Scholarship (The University of North Carolina at Greensboro)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I169335092","host_organization_name":"University of North Carolina at Greensboro","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I169335092"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null},{"id":"mag:2157048490","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://libres.uncg.edu/ir/uncg//listing.aspx?id=18066","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:libres.uncg.edu/18066","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://libres.uncg.edu/ir/uncg/f/BrownAshley_uncg_0154M_11683.pdf","pdf_url":"http://libres.uncg.edu/ir/uncg/f/BrownAshley_uncg_0154M_11683.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401856","display_name":"NC Digital Online Collection of Knowledge and Scholarship (The University of North Carolina at Greensboro)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I169335092","host_organization_name":"University of North Carolina at Greensboro","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I169335092"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.5683000087738037,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"study_designs":[{"display_name":"Observational Study","id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2157048490.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2157048490.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":57,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1489813687","https://openalex.org/W1502334792","https://openalex.org/W1582558660","https://openalex.org/W1583771669","https://openalex.org/W1592330601","https://openalex.org/W1603180153","https://openalex.org/W1748413608","https://openalex.org/W1792104598","https://openalex.org/W1936810389","https://openalex.org/W1961060452","https://openalex.org/W1963715897","https://openalex.org/W1972876566","https://openalex.org/W1978812450","https://openalex.org/W1984224851","https://openalex.org/W1995772518","https://openalex.org/W1996484220","https://openalex.org/W1996562440","https://openalex.org/W2002691298","https://openalex.org/W2009807319","https://openalex.org/W2014923309","https://openalex.org/W2015257908","https://openalex.org/W2025630591","https://openalex.org/W2027963632","https://openalex.org/W2032094430","https://openalex.org/W2039061405","https://openalex.org/W2039789993","https://openalex.org/W2040298793","https://openalex.org/W2042375925","https://openalex.org/W2043195394","https://openalex.org/W2047879118","https://openalex.org/W2048432021","https://openalex.org/W2052329013","https://openalex.org/W2053127131","https://openalex.org/W2062737357","https://openalex.org/W2064617045","https://openalex.org/W2071120710","https://openalex.org/W2072159950","https://openalex.org/W2072746374","https://openalex.org/W2075401662","https://openalex.org/W2077023638","https://openalex.org/W2077930344","https://openalex.org/W2079060782","https://openalex.org/W2089685485","https://openalex.org/W2096180361","https://openalex.org/W2104292214","https://openalex.org/W2112601421","https://openalex.org/W2112622765","https://openalex.org/W2131128908","https://openalex.org/W2142781448","https://openalex.org/W2144901750","https://openalex.org/W2146149652","https://openalex.org/W2147135827","https://openalex.org/W2168760541","https://openalex.org/W2170884139","https://openalex.org/W2480987460","https://openalex.org/W2797247465","https://openalex.org/W3166424256"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1598966073","https://openalex.org/W7100216432","https://openalex.org/W1553179782","https://openalex.org/W2125121507","https://openalex.org/W2014214780","https://openalex.org/W2072746374","https://openalex.org/W135223268","https://openalex.org/W2380085499","https://openalex.org/W1605660496","https://openalex.org/W2116796366"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Research":[0],"has":[1],"demonstrated":[2],"a":[3,63,67],"relation":[4],"between":[5,174],"the":[6,13,30,33,48,61,81,87,95,98,101,111,128,140,143,183,193,221],"social":[7,90,114,151],"fear":[8,115],"aspect":[9],"of":[10,15,32,35,50,74,80,89,97,103,113,131,142,150,155,201,212,217,223],"temperament":[11],"and":[12,43,57,94,125,134,139,157,177],"development":[14,102],"behavioral":[16,105,120,225],"withdrawal.":[17,106],"However,":[18],"discontinuity":[19],"in":[20,54,167],"this":[21,36,146,168],"pathway":[22],"exists,":[23],"indicating":[24],"that":[25],"different":[26],"factors":[27],"must":[28],"influence":[29,88],"extent":[31],"effect":[34,130],"relationship.":[37],"Maternal":[38],"behaviors":[39],"such":[40],"as":[41],"warmth":[42,133,160,178],"positivity":[44,135],"may":[45,59],"buffer":[46],"against":[47],"risk":[49],"becoming":[51],"socially":[52],"withdrawn":[53],"middle":[55],"childhood,":[56],"sex":[58,96,141],"affect":[60],"way":[62],"caregiver":[64],"responds":[65],"to":[66,85],"child":[68,99,144],"when":[69],"distressed,":[70],"through":[71],"differing":[72],"processes":[73],"emotion":[75],"socialization.":[76],"The":[77,107,215],"primary":[78],"goal":[79],"proposed":[82,108],"study":[83,109],"was":[84,179,185,195],"investigate":[86],"fear,":[91,152,176],"maternal":[92,132,159,202,213],"warmth,":[93,203],"on":[100,119,145],"childhood":[104],"examined":[110],"effects":[112],"at":[116,122,136,198,209],"age":[117,123,137],"2":[118],"withdrawal":[121,226],"7,":[124],"specifically":[126],"assessed":[127],"moderating":[129],"4":[138],"relation.":[147],"Mother":[148],"report":[149,154],"teacher":[153],"withdrawal,":[156],"observed":[158],"during":[161],"mother-child":[162],"interaction":[163,173,184,194],"tasks":[164],"were":[165],"utilized":[166],"study.":[169],"A":[170],"significant":[171,187,197],"three-way":[172],"sex,":[175],"found,":[180],"upon":[181],"probing,":[182],"only":[186],"for":[188,220],"boys.":[189],"Further,":[190],"among":[191],"boys,":[192],"not":[196],"low":[199],"levels":[200,211],"but":[204],"achieved":[205],"trend":[206],"level":[207],"significance":[208],"high":[210],"warmth.":[214],"implications":[216],"these":[218],"results":[219],"understanding":[222],"how":[224],"develops":[227],"are":[228],"discussed.":[229]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-10-02T10:15:12.560889","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}