{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2157012067","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1097/jpo.0b013e3181bfb28e","title":"Stiffness of the Arizona Ankle-Foot Orthosis Before and After Modification for Gait Analysis","display_name":"Stiffness of the Arizona Ankle-Foot Orthosis Before and After Modification for Gait Analysis","publication_year":2009,"publication_date":"2009-09-25","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2157012067","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1097/jpo.0b013e3181bfb28e","mag":"2157012067"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1097/jpo.0b013e3181bfb28e","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1097/jpo.0b013e3181bfb28e","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1097/jpo.0b013e3181bfb28e","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S6628304","display_name":"JPO Journal of Prosthetics and Orthotics","issn_l":"1040-8800","issn":["1040-8800","1534-6331"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-c","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-20","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315671","host_organization_name":"Lippincott Williams & Wilkins","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315671","https://openalex.org/P4310318547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Lippincott Williams & Wilkins","Wolters Kluwer"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"JPO Journal of Prosthetics and Orthotics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043276461","display_name":"Stacie I. Ringleb","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3376-0252","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3376-0252"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1330342723","display_name":"Mayo Clinic","ror":"https://ror.org/02qp3tb03","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1330342723"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Stacie I. Ringleb","raw_affiliation_strings":["STACIE I. RINGLEB, PhD, THEODORE ARMSTRONG, BS, LAWRENCE J. BERGLUND, BS, HAROLD B. KITAOKA, MD, and KENTON R. KAUFMAN, PhD, PE, are affiliated with the Biomechanics Laboratory, Division of Orthopedic Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"STACIE I. RINGLEB, PhD, THEODORE ARMSTRONG, BS, LAWRENCE J. BERGLUND, BS, HAROLD B. KITAOKA, MD, and KENTON R. KAUFMAN, PhD, PE, are affiliated with the Biomechanics Laboratory, Division of Orthopedic Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1330342723"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Theodore Armstrong","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1330342723","display_name":"Mayo Clinic","ror":"https://ror.org/02qp3tb03","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1330342723"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Theodore Armstrong","raw_affiliation_strings":["STACIE I. RINGLEB, PhD, THEODORE ARMSTRONG, BS, LAWRENCE J. BERGLUND, BS, HAROLD B. KITAOKA, MD, and KENTON R. KAUFMAN, PhD, PE, are affiliated with the Biomechanics Laboratory, Division of Orthopedic Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"STACIE I. RINGLEB, PhD, THEODORE ARMSTRONG, BS, LAWRENCE J. BERGLUND, BS, HAROLD B. KITAOKA, MD, and KENTON R. KAUFMAN, PhD, PE, are affiliated with the Biomechanics Laboratory, Division of Orthopedic Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1330342723"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103763418","display_name":"Lawrence J. Berglund","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1330342723","display_name":"Mayo Clinic","ror":"https://ror.org/02qp3tb03","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1330342723"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lawrence J. Berglund","raw_affiliation_strings":["STACIE I. RINGLEB, PhD, THEODORE ARMSTRONG, BS, LAWRENCE J. BERGLUND, BS, HAROLD B. KITAOKA, MD, and KENTON R. KAUFMAN, PhD, PE, are affiliated with the Biomechanics Laboratory, Division of Orthopedic Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"STACIE I. RINGLEB, PhD, THEODORE ARMSTRONG, BS, LAWRENCE J. BERGLUND, BS, HAROLD B. KITAOKA, MD, and KENTON R. KAUFMAN, PhD, PE, are affiliated with the Biomechanics Laboratory, Division of Orthopedic Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1330342723"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050299308","display_name":"Harold B. Kitaoka","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8052-3773","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8052-3773"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1330342723","display_name":"Mayo Clinic","ror":"https://ror.org/02qp3tb03","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1330342723"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Harold B. Kitaoka","raw_affiliation_strings":["STACIE I. RINGLEB, PhD, THEODORE ARMSTRONG, BS, LAWRENCE J. BERGLUND, BS, HAROLD B. KITAOKA, MD, and KENTON R. KAUFMAN, PhD, PE, are affiliated with the Biomechanics Laboratory, Division of Orthopedic Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"STACIE I. RINGLEB, PhD, THEODORE ARMSTRONG, BS, LAWRENCE J. BERGLUND, BS, HAROLD B. KITAOKA, MD, and KENTON R. KAUFMAN, PhD, PE, are affiliated with the Biomechanics Laboratory, Division of Orthopedic Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1330342723"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066297036","display_name":"Kenton R. Kaufman","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7311-3781","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7311-3781"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1330342723","display_name":"Mayo Clinic","ror":"https://ror.org/02qp3tb03","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1330342723"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Kenton R. Kaufman","raw_affiliation_strings":["Kenton R. Kaufman, PhD, PE, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55095; e-mail: [email\u00a0protected]","STACIE I. RINGLEB, PhD, THEODORE ARMSTRONG, BS, LAWRENCE J. BERGLUND, BS, HAROLD B. KITAOKA, MD, and KENTON R. KAUFMAN, PhD, PE, are affiliated with the Biomechanics Laboratory, Division of Orthopedic Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Kenton R. Kaufman, PhD, PE, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55095; e-mail: [email\u00a0protected]","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"STACIE I. RINGLEB, PhD, THEODORE ARMSTRONG, BS, LAWRENCE J. BERGLUND, BS, HAROLD B. KITAOKA, MD, and KENTON R. KAUFMAN, PhD, PE, are affiliated with the Biomechanics Laboratory, Division of Orthopedic Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1330342723"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5066297036"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1330342723"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.5196,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":10,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.63978064,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":87,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"21","issue":"4","first_page":"204","last_page":"207"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11023","display_name":"Prosthetics and Rehabilitation Robotics","score":0.9154999852180481,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11023","display_name":"Prosthetics and Rehabilitation Robotics","score":0.9154999852180481,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11018","display_name":"Lower Extremity Biomechanics and Pathologies","score":0.044599998742341995,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10455","display_name":"Foot and Ankle Surgery","score":0.029100000858306885,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2732","display_name":"Orthopedics and Sports Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/brace-stiffness","display_name":"brace stiffness","score":0.8899999856948853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gait-analysis","display_name":"gait analysis","score":0.7760000228881836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/plantar-flexion","display_name":"plantar flexion","score":0.8460000157356262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dorsiflexion","display_name":"dorsiflexion","score":0.9959999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ankle-kinematics","display_name":"ankle kinematics","score":0.5080000162124634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/load-displacement-curve","display_name":"load-displacement curve","score":0.8510000109672546}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178910020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2211994","display_name":"Sagittal plane","level":2,"score":0.8064010143280029},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13483470","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1470152","display_name":"Coronal plane","level":2,"score":0.7940846681594849},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779372316","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q569057","display_name":"Stiffness","level":2,"score":0.6875066757202148},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778640784","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q168002","display_name":"Ankle","level":2,"score":0.6687397956848145},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173906292","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1493441","display_name":"Gait analysis","level":3,"score":0.586405336856842},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151800584","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2370000","display_name":"Gait","level":2,"score":0.5728203058242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29694066","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q118301","display_name":"Orthodontics","level":1,"score":0.5527450442314148},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2909001638","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q264251","display_name":"Ankle dorsiflexion","level":3,"score":0.49583372473716736},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C170700871","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193378","display_name":"Biomechanics","level":2,"score":0.46423688530921936},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779793219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2662870","display_name":"Brace","level":2,"score":0.453029066324234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776889875","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13075","display_name":"Calcaneus","level":2,"score":0.44862842559814453},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.4246971607208252},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115076146","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1651051","display_name":"Foot (prosody)","level":2,"score":0.417164146900177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99508421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2678675","display_name":"Physical medicine and rehabilitation","level":1,"score":0.4060746729373932},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66938386","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q633538","display_name":"Structural engineering","level":1,"score":0.3359575867652893},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105702510","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q514","display_name":"Anatomy","level":1,"score":0.176652729511261},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141071460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q40821","display_name":"Surgery","level":1,"score":0.12045994400978088},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.07920339703559875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1097/jpo.0b013e3181bfb28e","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1097/jpo.0b013e3181bfb28e","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1097/jpo.0b013e3181bfb28e","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S6628304","display_name":"JPO Journal of Prosthetics and Orthotics","issn_l":"1040-8800","issn":["1040-8800","1534-6331"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-c","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-20","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315671","host_organization_name":"Lippincott Williams & Wilkins","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315671","https://openalex.org/P4310318547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Lippincott Williams & Wilkins","Wolters Kluwer"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"JPO Journal of Prosthetics and Orthotics","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.4000000059604645,"display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":12,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W39683778","https://openalex.org/W1883811770","https://openalex.org/W1980718819","https://openalex.org/W2015795623","https://openalex.org/W2022896541","https://openalex.org/W2025011289","https://openalex.org/W2027865660","https://openalex.org/W2037232743","https://openalex.org/W2133293749","https://openalex.org/W2341037634","https://openalex.org/W2465692541","https://openalex.org/W4387552872"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2890293559","https://openalex.org/W2091881302","https://openalex.org/W2329423800","https://openalex.org/W7033461812","https://openalex.org/W2331935703","https://openalex.org/W2133293749","https://openalex.org/W2071722698","https://openalex.org/W7116378026","https://openalex.org/W2783946117","https://openalex.org/W4289528792"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"Brief":[1],"The":[2,88,101,131,146,200],"purpose":[3,201],"of":[4,12,74,79,90,103,159,202,210],"this":[5,203],"project":[6,204],"was":[7,22,94,105,166,205,221],"to":[8,96,206],"measure":[9,207],"the":[10,13,39,48,56,65,68,75,91,98,142,157,160,171,181,188,208,211,248],"stiffness":[11,132,149,209],"Arizona":[14,34,182,212,237],"ankle-foot":[15],"orthosis":[16,215],"(AFO)":[17,216],"before":[18,191,217],"and":[19,50,67,71,124,137,218],"after":[20,219],"it":[21,192,220],"modified":[23,222,239],"for":[24,86,223,240],"gait":[25,197,224,241],"analysis":[26,198,225,242],"with":[27,153,226],"a":[28,43,227],"foot":[29,214,228],"specific":[30,229],"marker":[31,230],"set.":[32,231],"Five":[33],"AFOs":[35],"were":[36,62,84],"tested":[37],"in":[38,42,47,55,64,81,110,116,122,129,135,141,148,150,156,196],"intact":[40,57],"condition":[41],"custom":[44],"testing":[45,54],"device":[46],"sagittal":[49],"coronal":[51,143],"planes.":[52],"After":[53],"condition,":[58],"2.5-cm":[59],"diameter":[60],"holes":[61],"drilled":[63],"malleoli":[66],"medial,":[69],"lateral,":[70],"posterior":[72],"aspects":[73],"calcaneus.":[76],"Three":[77],"cycles":[78],"loading":[80],"each":[82],"plane":[83,144],"averaged":[85],"analysis.":[87],"slope":[89],"load-displacement":[92],"curve":[93],"calculated":[95],"determine":[97],"brace":[99],"stiffness.":[100],"coefficient":[102],"repeatability":[104],"\u00b10.17":[106],"Nm":[107,113,119,126],"per":[108,114,120,127],"degree":[109,115,121,128],"plantarflexion,":[111],"\u00b10.16":[112],"dorsiflexion,":[117],"\u00b10.38":[118],"inversion,":[123],"\u00b10.18":[125],"eversion.":[130],"decreased":[133],"significantly":[134],"plantarflexion":[136,151],"dorsiflexion":[138],"but":[139],"not":[140],"motions.":[145],"change":[147],"increased":[152],"an":[154,236],"increase":[155],"height":[158],"medial":[161,189,249],"malleolus":[162],"holes.":[163],"This":[164,232],"relationship":[165],"significant,":[167],"as":[168],"determined":[169],"by":[170],"Hotellings":[172],"t":[173],"test":[174],"(p":[175],"=":[176],"0.04),":[177],"which":[178],"suggests":[179],"that":[180,235],"AFO":[183,238],"should":[184],"be":[185,194,245],"reinforced":[186,246],"on":[187,247],"side":[190],"can":[193],"used":[195],"studies.":[199],"ankle":[213],"study":[233],"indicated":[234],"studies":[243],"must":[244],"side.":[250]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-10-16T09:59:22.235173","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
