{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2156930441","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.drugpo.2006.12.002","title":"Strengthening drug policy and practice through ethics engagement: An old challenge for a new harm reduction","display_name":"Strengthening drug policy and practice through ethics engagement: An old challenge for a new harm reduction","publication_year":2007,"publication_date":"2007-01-17","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2156930441","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.drugpo.2006.12.002","mag":"2156930441","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17689348"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.drugpo.2006.12.002","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.drugpo.2006.12.002","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.drugpo.2006.12.002","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S60503757","display_name":"International Journal of Drug Policy","issn_l":"0955-3959","issn":["0955-3959","1873-4758"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-2","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Drug Policy","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066743644","display_name":"Kevin S. Irwin","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I32971472","display_name":"Yale University","ror":"https://ror.org/03v76x132","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32971472"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Kevin S. Irwin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Yale School of Public Health, Center for Interdisciplinary Research on AIDS, New Haven, CT 06510, United States. kevin.irwin@yale.edu <kevin.irwin@yale.edu>","Yale School of Public Health, Center for Interdisciplinary Research on AIDS, Suite 1B, Room 111, 40 Temple St., New Haven, CT 06510, United States"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Yale School of Public Health, Center for Interdisciplinary Research on AIDS, New Haven, CT 06510, United States. kevin.irwin@yale.edu <kevin.irwin@yale.edu>","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32971472"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Yale School of Public Health, Center for Interdisciplinary Research on AIDS, Suite 1B, Room 111, 40 Temple St., New Haven, CT 06510, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32971472"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002762212","display_name":"CRAIG L. FRY","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7867-4388","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7867-4388"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165779595","display_name":"The University of Melbourne","ror":"https://ror.org/01ej9dk98","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165779595"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Craig L. Fry","raw_affiliation_strings":["Turning Point Alcohol and Drug Centre Inc., and Department of Public Health, University of Melbourne, Australia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Turning Point Alcohol and Drug Centre Inc., and Department of Public Health, University of Melbourne, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165779595"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5066743644"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32971472"],"apc_list":{"value":4350,"currency":"USD","value_usd":4350},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.6053,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":30,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.84763154,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"18","issue":"2","first_page":"75","last_page":"83"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11860","display_name":"HIV, Drug Use, Sexual Risk","score":0.9761000275611877,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2713","display_name":"Epidemiology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11860","display_name":"HIV, Drug Use, Sexual Risk","score":0.9761000275611877,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2713","display_name":"Epidemiology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10043","display_name":"Substance Abuse Treatment and Outcomes","score":0.017100000753998756,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2713","display_name":"Epidemiology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13147","display_name":"Ethics and bioethics in healthcare","score":0.0013000000035390258,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/harm-reduction","display_name":"harm reduction","score":0.9929999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/drug-policy","display_name":"drug policy","score":0.8009999990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/applied-ethics","display_name":"applied ethics","score":0.8759999871253967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ethical-decision-making","display_name":"ethical decision-making","score":0.8399999737739563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/values-and-beliefs","display_name":"values and beliefs","score":0.6980000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/illicit-drug-use","display_name":"illicit drug use","score":0.8059999942779541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/research-ethics","display_name":"research ethics","score":0.5690000057220459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/professional-regulation","display_name":"professional regulation","score":0.5270000100135803}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C529928208","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1458711","display_name":"Harm reduction","level":3,"score":0.8334412574768066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187029079","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q958679","display_name":"Cognitive reframing","level":2,"score":0.6900666952133179},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777363581","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15098235","display_name":"Harm","level":2,"score":0.684299886226654},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158573231","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126692","display_name":"Pragmatism","level":2,"score":0.5066328644752502},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780871342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7883752","display_name":"Underpinning","level":2,"score":0.4450673758983612},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55587333","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1133029","display_name":"Engineering ethics","level":1,"score":0.422574907541275},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.3862684369087219},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39549134","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133080","display_name":"Public relations","level":1,"score":0.363625705242157},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.34307152032852173},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.33253878355026245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95124753","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q875686","display_name":"Environmental ethics","level":1,"score":0.3258824944496155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.2731591463088989},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.24181446433067322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.23282331228256226},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.12298989295959473},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159110408","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q121176","display_name":"Nursing","level":1,"score":0.09247389435768127},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138816342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189603","display_name":"Public health","level":2,"score":0.08232593536376953},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147176958","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77590","display_name":"Civil engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D003657","descriptor_name":"Decision Making","qualifier_ui":"Q000941","qualifier_name":"ethics","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011640","descriptor_name":"Public Policy","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012106","descriptor_name":"Research","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013287","descriptor_name":"Illicit Drugs","qualifier_ui":"Q000009","qualifier_name":"adverse effects","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015980","descriptor_name":"Public Health Practice","qualifier_ui":"Q000941","qualifier_name":"ethics","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D019966","descriptor_name":"Substance-Related Disorders","qualifier_ui":"Q000517","qualifier_name":"prevention & control","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D040261","descriptor_name":"Harm Reduction","qualifier_ui":"Q000941","qualifier_name":"ethics","is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.drugpo.2006.12.002","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.drugpo.2006.12.002","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.drugpo.2006.12.002","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S60503757","display_name":"International Journal of Drug Policy","issn_l":"0955-3959","issn":["0955-3959","1873-4758"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-2","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Drug Policy","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:17689348","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17689348","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The International journal on drug policy","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:repository.library.georgetown.edu:10822/965678","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10822/965678","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402467","display_name":"DigitalGeorgetown (Georgetown University Library)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210145449","host_organization_name":"Center for Security and Emerging Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210145449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"eweb:305498","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.5683000087738037,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320308380","display_name":"Yale University","ror":"https://ror.org/03v76x132"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320577","display_name":"La Trobe University","ror":"https://ror.org/01rxfrp27"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":60,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W58212999","https://openalex.org/W119226073","https://openalex.org/W563394694","https://openalex.org/W640215741","https://openalex.org/W1518635824","https://openalex.org/W1535198287","https://openalex.org/W1549983421","https://openalex.org/W1563039501","https://openalex.org/W1580652624","https://openalex.org/W1593065131","https://openalex.org/W1967781206","https://openalex.org/W1969335948","https://openalex.org/W1969531900","https://openalex.org/W1975792477","https://openalex.org/W1976371953","https://openalex.org/W1979156954","https://openalex.org/W1982750451","https://openalex.org/W1989231660","https://openalex.org/W1990016577","https://openalex.org/W1995923455","https://openalex.org/W2012661782","https://openalex.org/W2028770837","https://openalex.org/W2038563025","https://openalex.org/W2051527283","https://openalex.org/W2056097198","https://openalex.org/W2057970568","https://openalex.org/W2066575487","https://openalex.org/W2070565065","https://openalex.org/W2085216404","https://openalex.org/W2085369455","https://openalex.org/W2087460300","https://openalex.org/W2109540754","https://openalex.org/W2116903094","https://openalex.org/W2119859848","https://openalex.org/W2129497492","https://openalex.org/W2129630856","https://openalex.org/W2137750108","https://openalex.org/W2138942593","https://openalex.org/W2147246376","https://openalex.org/W2149190286","https://openalex.org/W2151249968","https://openalex.org/W2153574856","https://openalex.org/W2153883497","https://openalex.org/W2154822634","https://openalex.org/W2156103727","https://openalex.org/W2156222626","https://openalex.org/W2157117314","https://openalex.org/W2167346056","https://openalex.org/W2168004413","https://openalex.org/W2172274048","https://openalex.org/W2317548330","https://openalex.org/W2322461150","https://openalex.org/W2333362775","https://openalex.org/W2526008369","https://openalex.org/W2795759376","https://openalex.org/W2799173058","https://openalex.org/W3016235676","https://openalex.org/W3122927502","https://openalex.org/W4214490113","https://openalex.org/W4388244405"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2151249968","https://openalex.org/W1989231660","https://openalex.org/W2004040345","https://openalex.org/W98032265","https://openalex.org/W128398708","https://openalex.org/W2008665819","https://openalex.org/W6997216739","https://openalex.org/W2017306209","https://openalex.org/W1969335948","https://openalex.org/W7162855935"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-31T12:09:11.096373","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}