{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2156759916","doi":null,"title":"Optimising Performance and Cost at the Early Design Stages","display_name":"Optimising Performance and Cost at the Early Design Stages","publication_year":2013,"publication_date":"2013-07-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2156759916","mag":"2156759916"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:ojs.imeti.org:article/111","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://ojs.imeti.org/index.php/IJETI/article/view/111","pdf_url":"http://ojs.imeti.org/index.php/IJETI/article/view/111","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402329","display_name":"Open Journal Systems (Taiwan Association of Engineering and Technology Innovation)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Engineering and Technology Innovation; Vol 3 No 3 (2013); 214-228","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"http://ojs.imeti.org/index.php/IJETI/article/view/111","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108537108","display_name":"Mohammad Saravi","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I51601045","display_name":"University of Bath","ror":"https://ror.org/002h8g185","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I51601045"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohammad Saravi","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Bath"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Bath","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I51601045"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062660212","display_name":"Linda Newnes","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7650-4649","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7650-4649"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I51601045","display_name":"University of Bath","ror":"https://ror.org/002h8g185","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I51601045"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Linda Newnes","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Bath"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Bath","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I51601045"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075422424","display_name":"Tony Mileham","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I51601045","display_name":"University of Bath","ror":"https://ror.org/002h8g185","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I51601045"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tony Mileham","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Bath"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Bath","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I51601045"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I51601045"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.28340965,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":87,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11729","display_name":"Product Development and Customization","score":0.5893999934196472,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1405","display_name":"Management of Technology and Innovation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11729","display_name":"Product Development and Customization","score":0.5893999934196472,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1405","display_name":"Management of Technology and Innovation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11159","display_name":"Manufacturing Process and Optimization","score":0.3005000054836273,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2209","display_name":"Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11798","display_name":"Optimal Experimental Design Methods","score":0.04490000009536743,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/early-design-stage","display_name":"preliminary design","score":0.6510000228881836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cost-estimation","display_name":"cost estimation","score":0.9340000152587891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/taguchi-orthogonal-array","display_name":"Taguchi orthogonal array","score":0.777999997138977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/variation-reduction","display_name":"variability reduction","score":0.7749999761581421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/average-cost","display_name":"average cost","score":0.48100000619888306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cost-variance","display_name":"cost variance","score":0.7289999723434448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/concept-selection","display_name":"concept selection","score":0.6679999828338623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/new-product-design","display_name":"new product design","score":0.5789999961853027}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.5997177362442017},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779530757","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1207505","display_name":"Quality (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.5782223343849182},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90673727","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q901718","display_name":"Product (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.5624825358390808},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.545031726360321},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.5443484783172607},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C83469408","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2036525","display_name":"Taguchi methods","level":2,"score":0.5348351001739502},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120823896","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1043226","display_name":"Product design","level":3,"score":0.5178804397583008},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13736549","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4489420","display_name":"Industrial engineering","level":1,"score":0.5156821012496948},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19351080","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1395034","display_name":"New product development","level":2,"score":0.5064693689346313},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C93983250","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q795053","display_name":"Cost estimate","level":2,"score":0.4874294102191925},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45135082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16960030","display_name":"Product design specification","level":4,"score":0.45245277881622314},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81917197","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q628760","display_name":"Selection (genetic algorithm)","level":2,"score":0.4431525468826294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C200601418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2193887","display_name":"Reliability engineering","level":1,"score":0.4200637638568878},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112930515","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4389547","display_name":"Risk analysis (engineering)","level":1,"score":0.4170774221420288},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34972735","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2920267","display_name":"Engineering design process","level":2,"score":0.4164274334907532},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C117671659","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11049265","display_name":"Manufacturing engineering","level":1,"score":0.4069406986236572},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201995342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q682496","display_name":"Systems engineering","level":1,"score":0.3554838001728058},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.3187640607357025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.08276742696762085},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.07739123702049255},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162853370","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39809","display_name":"Marketing","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:ojs.imeti.org:article/111","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://ojs.imeti.org/index.php/IJETI/article/view/111","pdf_url":"http://ojs.imeti.org/index.php/IJETI/article/view/111","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402329","display_name":"Open Journal Systems (Taiwan Association of Engineering and Technology Innovation)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Engineering and Technology Innovation; Vol 3 No 3 (2013); 214-228","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:53d086d611c040e3938447d7c70acc68","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/53d086d611c040e3938447d7c70acc68","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Engineering and Technology Innovation, Vol 3, Iss 3, Pp 214-228 (2013)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:d659838c94984fa0ace09a55266940ea","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/d659838c94984fa0ace09a55266940ea","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Engineering and Technology Innovation, Vol 3, Iss 3 (2013)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:ojs.imeti.org:article/111","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://ojs.imeti.org/index.php/IJETI/article/view/111","pdf_url":"http://ojs.imeti.org/index.php/IJETI/article/view/111","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402329","display_name":"Open Journal Systems (Taiwan Association of Engineering and Technology Innovation)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Engineering and Technology Innovation; Vol 3 No 3 (2013); 214-228","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320720","display_name":"Indian Council of Medical Research","ror":"https://ror.org/0492wrx28"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2156759916.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2156759916.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":13,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1562578637","https://openalex.org/W1566179750","https://openalex.org/W1781532263","https://openalex.org/W1979432961","https://openalex.org/W1987805893","https://openalex.org/W2011634477","https://openalex.org/W2015852842","https://openalex.org/W2068991532","https://openalex.org/W2153877437","https://openalex.org/W2583504027","https://openalex.org/W3041149780","https://openalex.org/W3146866674","https://openalex.org/W4285719527"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2071725366","https://openalex.org/W154592414","https://openalex.org/W136218537","https://openalex.org/W4281567462","https://openalex.org/W3005123781","https://openalex.org/W2071549271","https://openalex.org/W2969476820","https://openalex.org/W2023440792","https://openalex.org/W4232467908","https://openalex.org/W257675481"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"When":[0],"designers":[1,28,136,253],"start":[2],"to":[3,30,64,72,103,110,119,137,146,172,241,258],"design":[4,15,79,130,218],"a":[5,8,45,67,101,182,233],"product,":[6],"deriving":[7],"useful":[9],"cost":[10,52,69,125,145,214,264],"estimate":[11,126,259],"at":[12],"the":[13,22,77,83,114,121,124,128,149,152,158,165,176,185,193,202,209,212,216,221,244,260,266],"early":[14,59,78,129,217],"stage":[16],"is":[17,20,25,70,86,108,190,230],"challenging.":[18],"This":[19],"because":[21],"available":[23],"data":[24],"limited":[26,222],"and":[27,92,144,187,227,235],"need":[29,194],"deal":[31],"with":[32,265],"variation,":[33],"especially":[34],"for":[35,195],"new":[36],"products":[37],"where":[38],"product":[39,115,177],"specifications":[40],"are":[41,239],"often":[42],"expressed":[43],"as":[44,58,60],"range":[46],"of":[47,66,82,123,151,167,184,211],"values.":[48],"Despite":[49],"this":[50,98,104,162,180,200,256],"difficulty,":[51],"estimation":[53],"should":[54],"be":[55,247],"carried":[56],"out":[57],"possible":[61,262],"since,":[62],"up":[63],"80%":[65],"product\u2019s":[68],"said":[71],"have":[73],"been":[74],"committed":[75],"in":[76,97,113,117,127,148,161,175],"stages.":[80,131],"One":[81],"challenges":[84],"faced":[85],"how":[87,243,252],"one":[88],"can":[89,206,254],"optimise":[90],"performance":[91,143],"cost.":[93],"The":[94,106,132,249],"research":[95,159,203],"presented":[96,160],"paper":[99,163],"offers":[100],"solution":[102,107],"challenge.":[105],"used":[109,240],"reduce":[111,173],"variation":[112,174],"specification":[116],"order":[118],"improve":[120,208],"quality":[122,210],"step-by-step":[133],"process":[134,229,245,257],"enables":[135],"undertake":[138],"an":[139,197],"informed":[140],"optimisation":[141],"between":[142],"aid":[147],"selection":[150],"final":[153],"concept.":[154],"To":[155],"achieve":[156],"this,":[157],"proposes":[164],"use":[166,255],"Taguchi\u2019s":[168],"orthogonal":[169],"array":[170],"approach":[171],"specification.":[178],"Within":[179],"paper,":[181],"critique":[183],"literature":[186],"industrial":[188,236],"context":[189],"offered,":[191],"demonstrating":[192],"such":[196],"approach.":[198],"From":[199],"critique,":[201],"question":[204],"\u2018How":[205],"we":[207],"average":[213,263],"during":[215],"stages":[219],"using":[220],"information":[223],"available?":[224],"It":[225],"defined":[226],"novel":[228],"described.":[231],"Finally,":[232],"pilot":[234],"case":[237],"study":[238],"demonstrate":[242],"would":[246],"used.":[248],"outcome":[250],"illustrates":[251],"lowest":[261,267],"variance.":[268]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-08-31T07:19:18.363097","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
