{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2156021272","doi":null,"title":"An examination of grade distribution patterns and grade inflation at a baccalaureate nursing program","display_name":"An examination of grade distribution patterns and grade inflation at a baccalaureate nursing program","publication_year":2008,"publication_date":"2008-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2156021272","mag":"2156021272"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:pqdtoai.proquest.com:3304475","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3304475","pdf_url":"http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3304475","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407064308","display_name":"ProQuest Demo Repository","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"thesis"},"volume":null,"type":"dissertation","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042441043","display_name":"Kathleen M. Zellner","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Kathleen M. Zellner","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5042441043"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12602","display_name":"Medical Education and Admissions","score":0.5396000146865845,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12602","display_name":"Medical Education and Admissions","score":0.5396000146865845,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12244","display_name":"Healthcare Education and Workforce Issues","score":0.11630000174045563,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2911","display_name":"Leadership and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/29","display_name":"Nursing"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10186","display_name":"Nursing education and management","score":0.09470000118017197,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2922","display_name":"Research and Theory"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/29","display_name":"Nursing"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/grade-inflation","display_name":"grade inflation","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/grade-distribution","display_name":"grade distribution","score":0.7950000166893005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/baccalaureate-nursing-education","display_name":"baccalaureate nursing education","score":0.8659999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/act-composite-score","display_name":"ACT composite score","score":0.7789999842643738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/academic-performance-prediction","display_name":"student performance prediction","score":0.6000000238418579}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781463719","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2002022","display_name":"Grade inflation","level":3,"score":0.6416491270065308},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110121322","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q865811","display_name":"Distribution (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.4379190504550934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.3333801031112671},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.1991327404975891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.141434907913208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120912362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q136822","display_name":"Higher education","level":2,"score":0.07747620344161987},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50522688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189833","display_name":"Economic growth","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:pqdtoai.proquest.com:3304475","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3304475","pdf_url":"http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3304475","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407064308","display_name":"ProQuest Demo Repository","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"thesis"},{"id":"mag:2156021272","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://gradworks.umi.com/3304475.pdf","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.7567999958992004,"display_name":"Quality education","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4"},{"score":0.4000000059604645,"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"study_designs":[{"display_name":"Observational Study","id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":60,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W24447670","https://openalex.org/W24614686","https://openalex.org/W26523468","https://openalex.org/W34419349","https://openalex.org/W64403332","https://openalex.org/W69959960","https://openalex.org/W98766374","https://openalex.org/W117104530","https://openalex.org/W132925325","https://openalex.org/W174557014","https://openalex.org/W183006282","https://openalex.org/W192824274","https://openalex.org/W226458599","https://openalex.org/W256674436","https://openalex.org/W300547562","https://openalex.org/W370839117","https://openalex.org/W1486592139","https://openalex.org/W1491362647","https://openalex.org/W1521578411","https://openalex.org/W1521953953","https://openalex.org/W1540957866","https://openalex.org/W1560170659","https://openalex.org/W1576740681","https://openalex.org/W1584545958","https://openalex.org/W1646930679","https://openalex.org/W1933389499","https://openalex.org/W1965073180","https://openalex.org/W1966261347","https://openalex.org/W1971157231","https://openalex.org/W1977750152","https://openalex.org/W1989159384","https://openalex.org/W1991219110","https://openalex.org/W1995730581","https://openalex.org/W2006873532","https://openalex.org/W2009837417","https://openalex.org/W2016454264","https://openalex.org/W2019881162","https://openalex.org/W2022950253","https://openalex.org/W2025625359","https://openalex.org/W2027439150","https://openalex.org/W2031936722","https://openalex.org/W2034436087","https://openalex.org/W2036588124","https://openalex.org/W2049271147","https://openalex.org/W2050558484","https://openalex.org/W2063918759","https://openalex.org/W2074807681","https://openalex.org/W2083014134","https://openalex.org/W2087177412","https://openalex.org/W2100417535","https://openalex.org/W2110439704","https://openalex.org/W2111490417","https://openalex.org/W2118476150","https://openalex.org/W2132795904","https://openalex.org/W2170109811","https://openalex.org/W2437854561","https://openalex.org/W2472720311","https://openalex.org/W2597957442","https://openalex.org/W2729163522","https://openalex.org/W2886981640"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2046935801","https://openalex.org/W1990741841","https://openalex.org/W2072602123","https://openalex.org/W2181753452","https://openalex.org/W2027439150","https://openalex.org/W98766374","https://openalex.org/W1954182761","https://openalex.org/W1871905679","https://openalex.org/W2086515118","https://openalex.org/W2022497522"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Grade":[0],"inflation":[1,63],"has":[2,44],"been":[3,33,45],"repeatedly":[4],"examined":[5,226],"in":[6,16,64,72,85,140,172,188],"general":[7],"higher":[8],"education,":[9],"and":[10,22,30,88,112,134,146,151,155,158,175],"thought":[11],"to":[12,35,47,106,131,198],"be":[13,36],"particularly":[14,56],"problematic":[15],"liberal":[17],"education.":[18],"While":[19,168,220],"science":[20,31,86],"majors":[21],"professional":[23],"programs":[24],"with":[25,184],"heavy":[26,79],"emphasis":[27,80],"on":[28,83,98,115,119],"mathematics":[29],"have":[32,204],"considered":[34],"exempt":[37],"from":[38],"grade":[39,62,69],"inflation,":[40],"little":[41],"rigorous":[42],"work":[43],"done":[46],"either":[48],"prove":[49],"or":[50,214],"disprove":[51],"this":[52],"theory.":[53],"Information":[54],"is":[55,81],"scanty":[57],"regarding":[58],"the":[59,92,108,120,164,193,199,216],"existence":[60],"of":[61,76,94,110,222],"nursing.":[65],"This":[66],"study":[67],"explored":[68],"distribution":[70],"patterns":[71,114,160],"a":[73,95,169,185,189,234],"baccalaureate":[74],"college":[75,174],"nursing":[77,177,224],"where":[78],"placed":[82],"success":[84,118],"courses,":[87],"looked":[89],"specifically":[90],"at":[91],"effects":[93,109],"curriculum":[96],"change":[97],"grading":[99,113,159],"patterns.":[100],"A":[101],"secondary":[102],"exploration":[103],"was":[104,129,179],"conducted":[105],"determine":[107],"grades":[111,152],"graduate":[116],"nurse":[117],"National":[121],"Council":[122],"Licensing":[123],"Examination":[124],"(NCLEX).":[125],"Additionally,":[126],"an":[127],"attempt":[128],"made":[130],"identify":[132],"admission":[133],"progression":[135],"characteristics":[136],"that":[137,201],"carry":[138],"significance":[139],"predicting":[141],"NCLEX":[142],"success.":[143],"Two":[144],"hundred":[145],"thirty-eight":[147],"transcripts":[148],"were":[149,153,209],"reviewed,":[150],"documented":[154],"analyzed.":[156],"Grades":[157],"remained":[161],"consistent":[162],"over":[163],"time":[165],"frame":[166],"studied.":[167],"slight":[170],"increase":[171,187],"cumulative":[173,176],"GPAs":[178],"noted,":[180],"these":[181],"increases":[182],"coincided":[183],"similar":[186],"singular":[190],"admitting":[191],"characteristic,":[192],"ACT":[194],"composite":[195],"score,":[196],"leading":[197],"conclusion":[200],"aptitude":[202],"may":[203],"also":[205],"increased.":[206],"No":[207],"differences":[208],"found":[210],"between":[211,215],"gender":[212],"groups,":[213],"cohort":[217],"groups":[218],"examined.":[219],"15":[221],"17":[223],"courses":[225],"held":[227],"high":[228],"predictability,":[229],"none":[230],"stood":[231],"out":[232],"as":[233],"defining":[235],"course.":[236]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-09-27T08:07:27.782135","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}