{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2155884542","doi":null,"title":"The Empire's New Clothes: Political Economy and the Fragmentation of International Law","display_name":"The Empire's New Clothes: Political Economy and the Fragmentation of International Law","publication_year":2007,"publication_date":"2007-11-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2155884542","mag":"2155884542"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"mag:3122230345","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://www.stanfordlawreview.org/sites/default/files/articles/BenvenistiDowns.pdf","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S161743634","display_name":"Stanford Law Review","issn_l":"0038-9765","issn":["0038-9765","1939-8581"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["jufo-3","norway-1","poland-200"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316196","host_organization_name":"Stanford Law School","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316196","https://openalex.org/P4310316103"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Stanford Law School","Stanford University"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Stanford Law Review","raw_type":null},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014015181","display_name":"Ey\u0101l Benveni\u015bt\u00ee","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4568-9991","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4568-9991"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16391192","display_name":"Tel Aviv University","ror":"https://ror.org/04mhzgx49","country_code":"IL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16391192"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I241749","display_name":"University of Cambridge","ror":"https://ror.org/013meh722","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I241749"]}],"countries":["GB","IL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ey\u0101l Benveni\u015bt\u00ee","raw_affiliation_strings":["Tel Aviv University *","University of Cambridge - Lauterpacht Centre for International Law"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4568-9991","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tel Aviv University *","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16391192"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Cambridge - Lauterpacht Centre for International Law","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I241749"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110337537","display_name":"George W. Downs","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I57206974","display_name":"New York University","ror":"https://ror.org/0190ak572","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I57206974"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"George W. Downs","raw_affiliation_strings":["New York University<sup>**</sup>","New York University (NYU)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"New York University<sup>**</sup>","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I57206974"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"New York University (NYU)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I57206974"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":43.2843,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":296,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99705218,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"60","issue":"2","first_page":"595","last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10749","display_name":"International Law and Human Rights","score":0.8241999745368958,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10749","display_name":"International Law and Human Rights","score":0.8241999745368958,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10053","display_name":"International Relations and Foreign Policy","score":0.06970000267028809,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14268","display_name":"Evolving Legal Systems and Governance","score":0.04729999974370003,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3308","display_name":"Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fragmentation-of-international-law","display_name":"fragmentation of international law","score":0.9890000224113464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/overlapping-jurisdictions","display_name":"jurisdictional overlap","score":0.6650000214576721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/international-legal-pluralism","display_name":"international legal pluralism","score":0.5640000104904175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/state-dominance","display_name":"state domination","score":0.44699999690055847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transaction-costs","display_name":"transaction costs","score":0.597000002861023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multilateral-treaties","display_name":"multilateral treaties","score":0.7739999890327454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bargaining-power","display_name":"bargaining power","score":0.6190000176429749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/government-accountability","display_name":"government accountability","score":0.6119999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/globalization","display_name":"globalization","score":0.5770000219345093}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.5304688215255737},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138921699","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47555","display_name":"Political economy","level":1,"score":0.4843769967556},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55447825","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4394526","display_name":"International law","level":2,"score":0.4805608093738556},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2119116","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7181","display_name":"Globalization","level":2,"score":0.47905051708221436},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.46305251121520996},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190253527","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q295354","display_name":"Law and economics","level":1,"score":0.45122119784355164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191015642","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1132459","display_name":"Fragmentation (computing)","level":2,"score":0.42949551343917847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.3270767629146576},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.26394718885421753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"mag:3122230345","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://www.stanfordlawreview.org/sites/default/files/articles/BenvenistiDowns.pdf","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S161743634","display_name":"Stanford Law Review","issn_l":"0038-9765","issn":["0038-9765","1939-8581"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["jufo-3","norway-1","poland-200"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316196","host_organization_name":"Stanford Law School","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316196","https://openalex.org/P4310316103"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Stanford Law School","Stanford University"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Stanford Law Review","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions","score":1.0,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":1,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2130283326"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2519451183","https://openalex.org/W4392223249","https://openalex.org/W2998280867","https://openalex.org/W2165722967","https://openalex.org/W4285178120","https://openalex.org/W2399920945","https://openalex.org/W2243016973","https://openalex.org/W7077062957","https://openalex.org/W7019203358","https://openalex.org/W1542834121"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,303],"decades":[1],"following":[2],"the":[3,6,11,30,41,58,95,116,135,142,159,204,211,219,233,244,259,266,272,286],"end":[4],"of":[5,14,32,36,97,145,161,206,268,274,288],"Cold":[7],"War":[8],"have":[9,26,47,82,216,296],"witnessed":[10],"growing":[12],"proliferation":[13],"international":[15,37,44,123,248],"regulatory":[16,307],"institutions":[17,64,197],"with":[18],"overlapping":[19,237],"jurisdictions":[20],"and":[21,77,109,179,186,202,230,236,270,315],"ambiguous":[22,234],"boundaries.":[23],"Practicing":[24],"jurists":[25],"expressed":[27],"concern":[28],"about":[29],"effects":[31],"this":[33,90,190],"increased":[34],"fragmentation":[35,98,241,276],"law,":[38],"but":[39],"for":[40,61,285],"most":[42],"part":[43,160],"legal":[45,249,261,291],"theorists":[46],"tended":[48],"to":[49,107,113,131,164,180,217,225,255,282],"dismiss":[50],"such":[51,125,149],"concerns":[52],"as":[53,65,126,150,177],"unwarranted.":[54],"Indeed,":[55],"many":[56],"regard":[57],"resulting":[59,260],"competition":[60],"influence":[62],"among":[63],"a":[66,289,298,306],"generative,":[67],"market-like":[68],"pluralism":[69],"that":[70,94,120,137,213,222,247,293,309,316],"has":[71],"produced":[72],"more":[73,86,100,111],"progress":[74],"toward":[75],"integration":[76],"democratization":[78],"than":[79,102],"could":[80],"ever":[81],"been":[83],"achieved":[84],"through":[85],"formal":[87],"means.":[88],"In":[89],"essay":[91],"we":[92],"argue":[93],"problem":[96],"is":[99,104,139,174,305],"serious":[101],"it":[103,138,209],"commonly":[105],"assumed":[106],"be":[108],"also":[110,153],"resistant":[112],"reform":[114,132],"by":[115,195,240,264],"various":[117],"decentralized":[118],"mechanisms":[119],"operate":[121],"in":[122,168,171,191,253,301],"law":[124],"governmental":[127],"networks.":[128],"Fragmentation's":[129],"resistance":[130],"stems":[133],"from":[134,280],"fact":[136],"only":[140,317],"partly":[141],"accidental":[143],"byproduct":[144],"broad":[146],"social":[147],"forces":[148],"globalization.":[151],"It":[152],"represents":[154],"an":[155,169],"ongoing":[156],"effort":[157],"on":[158],"powerful":[162,278,312],"states":[163,279],"preserve":[165],"their":[166,182,227],"dominance":[167],"era":[170],"which":[172],"hierarchy":[173],"increasingly":[175],"viewed":[176],"illegitimate,":[178],"reduce":[181],"accountability":[183],"both":[184,310],"domestically":[185],"internationally.":[187],"Fragmentation":[188],"accomplishes":[189],"three":[192],"ways.":[193],"First,":[194],"creating":[196],"along":[198],"narrow":[199],"functionalist":[200],"lines":[201],"restricting":[203],"scope":[205],"multilateral":[207],"agreements,":[208],"limits":[210],"opportunities":[212],"weaker":[214],"actors":[215],"build":[218],"cross-issue":[220],"coalitions":[221],"are":[223],"necessary":[224],"increase":[226,243],"bargaining":[228],"power":[229],"influence.":[231],"Second,":[232],"boundaries":[235],"authority":[238],"created":[239],"dramatically":[242],"transaction":[245],"costs":[246],"bodies":[250],"must":[251],"incur":[252],"trying":[254],"reintegrate":[256],"or":[257],"rationalize":[258],"order.":[262],"Third,":[263],"suggesting":[265],"absence":[267],"design":[269],"obscuring":[271],"role":[273,300],"intentionality,":[275],"frees":[277],"having":[281],"assume":[283],"responsibility":[284],"shortcomings":[287],"global":[290],"system":[292],"they":[294,318],"themselves":[295],"played":[297],"preponderant":[299],"creating.":[302],"result":[304],"order":[308],"reflects":[311],"state":[313],"interests":[314],"can":[319],"alter.":[320]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":18},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":18},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":23},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":30},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":19},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":40},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":29},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":11}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}