{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2155805796","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.bioeng.9.060906.151946","title":"Forensic Injury Biomechanics","display_name":"Forensic Injury Biomechanics","publication_year":2007,"publication_date":"2007-06-25","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2155805796","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.bioeng.9.060906.151946","mag":"2155805796","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17447861"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1146/annurev.bioeng.9.060906.151946","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.bioeng.9.060906.151946","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.bioeng.9.060906.151946","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S171268996","display_name":"Annual Review of Biomedical Engineering","issn_l":"1523-9829","issn":["1523-9829","1545-4274"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-c","jufo-2","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-200","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320373","host_organization_name":"Annual Reviews","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320373"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Annual Reviews"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Annual Review of Biomedical Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"review","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111922267","display_name":"Wilson C. Hayes","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wilson C. Hayes","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hayes+Associates, Inc., Corvallis, Oregon 97333;"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hayes+Associates, Inc., Corvallis, Oregon 97333;","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Mark S. Erickson","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mark S. Erickson","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hayes+Associates, Inc., Corvallis, Oregon 97333;"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hayes+Associates, Inc., Corvallis, Oregon 97333;","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076419560","display_name":"Erik D. Power","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-2849-0525","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0006-2849-0525"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Erik D. Power","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hayes+Associates, Inc., Corvallis, Oregon 97333;"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hayes+Associates, Inc., Corvallis, Oregon 97333;","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.2727,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":63,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.27647366,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"9","issue":"1","first_page":"55","last_page":"86"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11487","display_name":"Automotive and Human Injury Biomechanics","score":0.9901999831199646,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2740","display_name":"Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11487","display_name":"Automotive and Human Injury Biomechanics","score":0.9901999831199646,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2740","display_name":"Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10370","display_name":"Traffic and Road Safety","score":0.001500000013038516,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2213","display_name":"Safety, Risk, Reliability and Quality"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13001","display_name":"Restraint-Related Deaths","score":0.0012000000569969416,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2711","display_name":"Emergency Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/probability-of-death","display_name":"probability of death","score":0.8429999947547913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/injury-risk-functions","display_name":"injury risk functions","score":0.9860000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/injury-criteria","display_name":"injury criteria","score":0.6499999761581421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/injury-causation","display_name":"injury causation","score":0.9779999852180481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/traffic-accidents","display_name":"traffic accidents","score":0.7799999713897705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/slips-trips-and-falls","display_name":"slips, trips and falls","score":0.9409999847412109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/personal-injury-litigation","display_name":"personal injury litigation","score":0.9399999976158142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wrongful-death","display_name":"wrongful death","score":0.7160000205039978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/premises-liability","display_name":"premises liability","score":0.6610000133514404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/criminal-cases","display_name":"criminal cases","score":0.6520000100135803}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166151441","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4923601","display_name":"Causation","level":2,"score":0.8638919591903687},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3017944768","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1450463","display_name":"Poison control","level":2,"score":0.4400429427623749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779412353","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1459068","display_name":"Personal injury","level":2,"score":0.429744154214859},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.38336217403411865},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112930515","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4389547","display_name":"Risk analysis (engineering)","level":1,"score":0.3670662045478821},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.3021240234375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C545542383","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2751242","display_name":"Medical emergency","level":1,"score":0.20724573731422424},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.14855298399925232},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.09331578016281128}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D001696","descriptor_name":"Biomechanical Phenomena","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D002423","descriptor_name":"Cause of Death","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005554","descriptor_name":"Forensic Medicine","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008954","descriptor_name":"Models, Biological","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D014947","descriptor_name":"Wounds and Injuries","qualifier_ui":"Q000175","qualifier_name":"diagnosis","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014947","descriptor_name":"Wounds and Injuries","qualifier_ui":"Q000209","qualifier_name":"etiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D014947","descriptor_name":"Wounds and Injuries","qualifier_ui":"Q000503","qualifier_name":"physiopathology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D018570","descriptor_name":"Risk Assessment","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1146/annurev.bioeng.9.060906.151946","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.bioeng.9.060906.151946","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.bioeng.9.060906.151946","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S171268996","display_name":"Annual Review of Biomedical Engineering","issn_l":"1523-9829","issn":["1523-9829","1545-4274"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-c","jufo-2","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-200","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320373","host_organization_name":"Annual Reviews","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320373"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Annual Reviews"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Annual Review of Biomedical Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:17447861","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17447861","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Annual review of biomedical engineering","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.4000000059604645}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":62,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W51260544","https://openalex.org/W98221693","https://openalex.org/W205972379","https://openalex.org/W587943496","https://openalex.org/W624525863","https://openalex.org/W852608647","https://openalex.org/W1479853797","https://openalex.org/W1491098724","https://openalex.org/W1492247703","https://openalex.org/W1505498418","https://openalex.org/W1506501806","https://openalex.org/W1508636097","https://openalex.org/W1509847884","https://openalex.org/W1552563972","https://openalex.org/W1561696735","https://openalex.org/W1568390176","https://openalex.org/W1588220718","https://openalex.org/W1592600997","https://openalex.org/W1593554642","https://openalex.org/W1596319685","https://openalex.org/W1598619895","https://openalex.org/W1600217564","https://openalex.org/W1600370493","https://openalex.org/W1600792211","https://openalex.org/W1754079061","https://openalex.org/W1808656599","https://openalex.org/W1960337988","https://openalex.org/W1994341534","https://openalex.org/W2021362101","https://openalex.org/W2022919483","https://openalex.org/W2025756876","https://openalex.org/W2040890680","https://openalex.org/W2041860592","https://openalex.org/W2044917074","https://openalex.org/W2053693961","https://openalex.org/W2056804026","https://openalex.org/W2084840846","https://openalex.org/W2090723351","https://openalex.org/W2095842282","https://openalex.org/W2097148796","https://openalex.org/W2097152614","https://openalex.org/W2120357445","https://openalex.org/W2129135420","https://openalex.org/W2148097662","https://openalex.org/W2148225539","https://openalex.org/W2150646587","https://openalex.org/W2205402793","https://openalex.org/W2206054821","https://openalex.org/W2242053790","https://openalex.org/W2255057923","https://openalex.org/W2267748325","https://openalex.org/W2276504905","https://openalex.org/W2284344309","https://openalex.org/W2542425733","https://openalex.org/W2573152059","https://openalex.org/W2766723362","https://openalex.org/W2772013859","https://openalex.org/W4211173159","https://openalex.org/W4231781344","https://openalex.org/W4232203171","https://openalex.org/W4249787167","https://openalex.org/W4256680060"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2012717977","https://openalex.org/W4293550875","https://openalex.org/W2551012235","https://openalex.org/W7161482383","https://openalex.org/W3022661796","https://openalex.org/W7162271990","https://openalex.org/W2155698128","https://openalex.org/W3195997407","https://openalex.org/W2132501870","https://openalex.org/W4390231469"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Forensic":[0],"injury":[1,33,51,66,83,190,197,214],"biomechanics":[2,191,215],"is":[3,192,202,210],"the":[4,16,44,59,76,117,125,131,157,160,163,182,204,218],"science":[5],"that":[6,105,138,185],"relates":[7],"mechanical":[8],"forces":[9],"to":[10,31,57,142,194,206],"disruption":[11],"of":[12,15,37,46,61,121,127,165,169,208],"anatomical":[13],"regions":[14],"human":[17],"body.":[18],"In":[19],"this":[20],"review,":[21],"we":[22],"introduce":[23],"(a)":[24],"how":[25,40,65],"scaling":[26],"techniques":[27],"can":[28,54,176,216],"be":[29,55,140,217],"used":[30,56,129],"describe":[32],"severity":[34],"and":[35,48,63,78,98,101,110,124,150,167,171,199,226,231],"probability":[36,60],"death;":[38],"(b)":[39],"a":[41,178],"simple":[42],"ratio,":[43],"factor":[45,220],"risk,":[47],"more":[49],"sophisticated":[50],"risk":[52],"functions":[53],"determine":[58],"injury;":[62],"(c)":[64],"criteria":[67,118,137],"(also":[68],"known":[69],"as":[70,130],"tolerance":[71],"limits)":[72],"are":[73,85,113,153],"defined":[74],"for":[75,81,119,133],"head":[77],"neck.":[79],"Methods":[80],"establishing":[82],"causation":[84,146,201],"then":[86],"illustrated":[87],"by":[88],"real-world":[89],"examples":[90],"drawn":[91],"from":[92,108],"litigation":[93,107],"involving":[94],"motor":[95],"vehicle":[96],"collisions":[97],"slips,":[99],"trips":[100],"falls.":[102],"Those":[103],"factors":[104],"distinguish":[106],"basic":[109,170],"applied":[111,172],"research":[112],"also":[114,154],"discussed,":[115],"including":[116],"admissibility":[120],"expert":[122,158,174],"opinions":[123,144,195],"level":[126],"certainty":[128],"basis":[132],"these":[134],"opinions.":[135],"The":[136],"must":[139],"met":[141],"support":[143],"on":[145,196],"at":[147,211],"both":[148],"epidemiological":[149],"individual":[151],"levels":[152],"noted.":[155],"If":[156],"appreciates":[159],"difference":[161],"between":[162],"demands":[164],"ligation":[166],"those":[168],"research,":[173],"opinion":[175],"play":[177],"crucial":[179],"role":[180],"in":[181,221],"decision-making":[183],"process":[184],"characterizes":[186],"litigation.":[187],"Because":[188],"forensic":[189,213],"central":[193],"causation,":[198],"because":[200],"often":[203],"key":[205],"determinations":[207],"who":[209],"fault,":[212],"deciding":[219],"many":[222],"personal":[223],"injury,":[224],"products":[225],"premises":[227],"liability,":[228],"wrongful":[229],"death,":[230],"criminal":[232],"cases.":[233]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
