{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2155803238","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5334/ai.3012","title":"Early Islamic manufacture of crucible steel at Merv, Turkmenistan","display_name":"Early Islamic manufacture of crucible steel at Merv, Turkmenistan","publication_year":1999,"publication_date":"1999-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2155803238","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5334/ai.3012","mag":"2155803238"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.5334/ai.3012","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5334/ai.3012","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5334/ai.3012","pdf_url":"https://uclpress.scienceopen.com/document_file/ec1b73c1-0571-44b5-a4c3-d944fa727579/ScienceOpen/10.5334.ai.3012.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210238200","display_name":"Archaeology International","issn_l":"1463-1725","issn":["1463-1725","2048-4194"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","erih-plus","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-20","russia-white-list-4"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320511","host_organization_name":"Ubiquity Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320511"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Ubiquity Press"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Archaeology International","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://uclpress.scienceopen.com/document_file/ec1b73c1-0571-44b5-a4c3-d944fa727579/ScienceOpen/10.5334.ai.3012.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078260260","display_name":"Dafydd R. Griffiths","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I45129253","display_name":"University College London","ror":"https://ror.org/02jx3x895","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I45129253"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dafydd Griffiths","raw_affiliation_strings":["UCL Institute of Archaeology"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"UCL Institute of Archaeology","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45129253"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029817166","display_name":"Ann Feuerbach","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-4769-1756","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0001-4769-1756"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I45129253","display_name":"University College London","ror":"https://ror.org/02jx3x895","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I45129253"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ann Feuerbach","raw_affiliation_strings":["UCL Institute of Archaeology"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"UCL Institute of Archaeology","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45129253"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45129253"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.87,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.88888889,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"3","issue":"1","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13742","display_name":"Metallurgy and Cultural Artifacts","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3302","display_name":"Archeology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13742","display_name":"Metallurgy and Cultural Artifacts","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3302","display_name":"Archeology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11212","display_name":"Cultural Heritage Materials Analysis","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1204","display_name":"Archeology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11126","display_name":"Metallurgical Processes and Thermodynamics","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/crucible-steel","display_name":"crucible steel","score":0.9929999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/merv","display_name":"Merv","score":0.9269999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/archaeometallurgy","display_name":"archaeometallurgy","score":0.7960000038146973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/steelmaking","display_name":"steel industry","score":0.5920000076293945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/raw-material-recycling","display_name":"raw material recycling","score":0.7799999713897705}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4445939","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q432","display_name":"Islam","level":2,"score":0.5427993535995483},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120500152","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5189793","display_name":"Crucible (geodemography)","level":2,"score":0.5130147337913513},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.4940069317817688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195244886","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41493","display_name":"Ancient history","level":1,"score":0.3942251205444336},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.2860742211341858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95457728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q309","display_name":"History","level":0,"score":0.24857857823371887},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.05782639980316162},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149923435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37732","display_name":"Demography","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.5334/ai.3012","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5334/ai.3012","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5334/ai.3012","pdf_url":"https://uclpress.scienceopen.com/document_file/ec1b73c1-0571-44b5-a4c3-d944fa727579/ScienceOpen/10.5334.ai.3012.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210238200","display_name":"Archaeology International","issn_l":"1463-1725","issn":["1463-1725","2048-4194"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","erih-plus","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-20","russia-white-list-4"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320511","host_organization_name":"Ubiquity Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320511"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Ubiquity Press"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Archaeology International","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:00307bc700be45db9709eb05d4d8dd7e","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/00307bc700be45db9709eb05d4d8dd7e","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Archaeology International, Vol 3, Iss 1 (2012)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:9fa5e9fa456646a6b6e35a69dc7cff8d","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/9fa5e9fa456646a6b6e35a69dc7cff8d","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Archaeology International, Vol 3, Pp 36-38 (1999)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:ojs.www.ai-journal.com:article/180","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ai-journal.com/jms/article/view/ai.3012","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Archaeology International; Vol 3 (1999); 36-38","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.5334/ai.3012","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5334/ai.3012","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5334/ai.3012","pdf_url":"https://uclpress.scienceopen.com/document_file/ec1b73c1-0571-44b5-a4c3-d944fa727579/ScienceOpen/10.5334.ai.3012.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210238200","display_name":"Archaeology International","issn_l":"1463-1725","issn":["1463-1725","2048-4194"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","erih-plus","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-20","russia-white-list-4"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320511","host_organization_name":"Ubiquity Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320511"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Ubiquity Press"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Archaeology International","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2155803238.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2155803238.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2753740040","https://openalex.org/W2152698519","https://openalex.org/W1509826457","https://openalex.org/W6927405099","https://openalex.org/W7132524959","https://openalex.org/W2810143283","https://openalex.org/W2109049812","https://openalex.org/W7075601720","https://openalex.org/W4200345376","https://openalex.org/W47551687"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"During":[0],"the":[1,4,10,36,45,50,57],"work":[2],"of":[3,13,20,24,35],"International":[5],"Merv":[6,40],"Project":[7],"(described":[8],"in":[9],"1997/98":[11],"issue":[12],"Archaeology":[14],"International)":[15],"evidence":[16],"was":[17,28],"unexpectedly":[18],"unearthed":[19],"a":[21],"sophisticated":[22],"method":[23],"making":[25],"steel":[26,52],"that":[27],"practised":[29],"there":[30],"over":[31],"1000":[32],"years":[33],"ago.Investigation":[34],"archaeometallurgical":[37],"remains":[38],"from":[39],"has":[41],"now":[42],"revealed":[43],"how":[44,49],"process":[46],"worked":[47],"and":[48,55],"medieval":[51],"makers":[53],"conserved":[54],"recycled":[56],"raw":[58],"materials":[59],"they":[60],"used.":[61]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-09-22T06:50:58.402377","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
