{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2155779093","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0022050700060861","title":"Fixed Capital in the Industrial Revolution in Britain","display_name":"Fixed Capital in the Industrial Revolution in Britain","publication_year":1964,"publication_date":"1964-09-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2155779093","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0022050700060861","mag":"2155779093"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1017/s0022050700060861","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0022050700060861","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0022050700060861","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S122073985","display_name":"The Journal of Economic History","issn_l":"0022-0507","issn":["0022-0507","1471-6372"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a-star","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","erih-plus","jufo-3","ki-jl-1","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311721","host_organization_name":"Cambridge University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311721","https://openalex.org/P4310311702"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cambridge University Press","University of Cambridge"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Journal of Economic History","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000052606","display_name":"Sidney Pollard","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I91136226","display_name":"University of Sheffield","ror":"https://ror.org/05krs5044","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I91136226"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Sidney Pollard","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Sheffield"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Sheffield","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91136226"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5000052606"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91136226"],"apc_list":{"value":3550,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3550},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":14.3883,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":114,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98081301,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"24","issue":"3","first_page":"299","last_page":"314"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10605","display_name":"Historical Economic and Social Studies","score":0.9976000189781189,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10605","display_name":"Historical Economic and Social Studies","score":0.9976000189781189,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11742","display_name":"Economic Theory and Policy","score":0.002099999925121665,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2000","display_name":"General Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13158","display_name":"Political and Economic history of UK and US","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fixed-capital","display_name":"fixed capital","score":0.9929999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/industrial-revolution","display_name":"Industrial Revolution","score":0.8109999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/capital-accumulation","display_name":"capital accumulation","score":0.7979999780654907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/capital-composition","display_name":"capital composition","score":0.7730000019073486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/industrialization","display_name":"industrialization","score":0.7580000162124634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/british-economic-history","display_name":"British economic history","score":0.5759999752044678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/capital-investment","display_name":"capital investment","score":0.3310000002384186}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41866144","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q202398","display_name":"Industrialisation","level":2,"score":0.7300347089767456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C560292","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1113011","display_name":"Fixed capital","level":5,"score":0.700393557548523},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C83646750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193893","display_name":"Capital (architecture)","level":2,"score":0.6620487570762634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118661131","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1671781","display_name":"Capital good","level":3,"score":0.6287126541137695},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C517468935","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2269","display_name":"Industrial Revolution","level":2,"score":0.6142986416816711},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.5695908069610596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24649204","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3656853","display_name":"Capital deepening","level":5,"score":0.47523927688598633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C143369678","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q467212","display_name":"Capital intensity","level":3,"score":0.4461379051208496},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58202505","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5035700","display_name":"Capital formation","level":4,"score":0.3936276435852051},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44750222","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1897397","display_name":"Financial capital","level":3,"score":0.37596598267555237},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34447519","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179522","display_name":"Market economy","level":1,"score":0.3508022427558899},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.34915316104888916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136264566","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q159810","display_name":"Economy","level":1,"score":0.32491952180862427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776943663","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q165687","display_name":"Human capital","level":2,"score":0.14284896850585938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.13075199723243713},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187452473","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2897903","display_name":"Goods and services","level":2,"score":0.0868651270866394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1017/s0022050700060861","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0022050700060861","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0022050700060861","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S122073985","display_name":"The Journal of Economic History","issn_l":"0022-0507","issn":["0022-0507","1471-6372"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a-star","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","erih-plus","jufo-3","ki-jl-1","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311721","host_organization_name":"Cambridge University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311721","https://openalex.org/P4310311702"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cambridge University Press","University of Cambridge"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Journal of Economic History","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:cup:jechis:v:24:y:1964:i:03:p:299-314_06","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S0022050700060861/type/journal_article","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"display_name":"Decent work and economic growth","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8","score":0.44999998807907104}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":56,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W612439647","https://openalex.org/W649850411","https://openalex.org/W1496220336","https://openalex.org/W1497709152","https://openalex.org/W1510352506","https://openalex.org/W1517314791","https://openalex.org/W1529747446","https://openalex.org/W1587785643","https://openalex.org/W1587861313","https://openalex.org/W1966911960","https://openalex.org/W1978803098","https://openalex.org/W1984186569","https://openalex.org/W1986302067","https://openalex.org/W1994781708","https://openalex.org/W1997824143","https://openalex.org/W2000291818","https://openalex.org/W2002630081","https://openalex.org/W2005897998","https://openalex.org/W2009765650","https://openalex.org/W2043279472","https://openalex.org/W2043927226","https://openalex.org/W2052723338","https://openalex.org/W2053273088","https://openalex.org/W2054530142","https://openalex.org/W2057502692","https://openalex.org/W2061942543","https://openalex.org/W2080932272","https://openalex.org/W2081364366","https://openalex.org/W2089976464","https://openalex.org/W2165418366","https://openalex.org/W2313532922","https://openalex.org/W2313879386","https://openalex.org/W2313996367","https://openalex.org/W2315406839","https://openalex.org/W2317047223","https://openalex.org/W2319268174","https://openalex.org/W2321647440","https://openalex.org/W2322386158","https://openalex.org/W2327636870","https://openalex.org/W2330789164","https://openalex.org/W2331615897","https://openalex.org/W2570594010","https://openalex.org/W2571034123","https://openalex.org/W2571317660","https://openalex.org/W2791079408","https://openalex.org/W2796098881","https://openalex.org/W2910232666","https://openalex.org/W2910724085","https://openalex.org/W3136460514","https://openalex.org/W4206263043","https://openalex.org/W4235489649","https://openalex.org/W4240651913","https://openalex.org/W4253614961","https://openalex.org/W4301043730","https://openalex.org/W6664471336","https://openalex.org/W6747323831"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4402446731","https://openalex.org/W3125154737","https://openalex.org/W4233659138","https://openalex.org/W163489418","https://openalex.org/W2295620030","https://openalex.org/W2047293421","https://openalex.org/W2373593432","https://openalex.org/W2410780692","https://openalex.org/W561144068","https://openalex.org/W2013881119"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"provision":[1],"of":[2,10,14,19,25,29,74,89,118,132,135],"capital":[3,52,77],"is":[4,22,46],"generally":[5],"recognized":[6],"to":[7,35,48,66,69],"be":[8],"one":[9],"the":[11,17,26,32,41,58,60,100,108,116,126,129],"main":[12],"problems":[13],"countries":[15],"undergoing":[16],"process":[18],"industrialization.":[20],"This":[21],"true":[23],"also":[24,112],"special":[27],"case":[28],"Great":[30],"Britain,":[31],"first":[33,130],"country":[34],"experience":[36],"an":[37],"industrial":[38,63],"revolution.":[39],"In":[40],"British":[42],"case,":[43],"however,":[44],"it":[45],"important":[47],"note":[49],"that":[50],"much":[51,107],"had":[53],"been":[54],"accumulated":[55],"even":[56],"before":[57],"1760's,":[59],"decade":[61],"when":[62],"growth":[64,114],"began":[65],"accelerate":[67],"and":[68,86,92,95],"change":[70,122],"its":[71,124],"direction.":[72],"Most":[73],"this":[75],"earlier":[76],"was":[78,97],"invested":[79],"in":[80,82,84,87,99,115,123],"commerce,":[81],"finance,":[83],"farming,":[85],"stocks":[88],"manufactured":[90],"goods":[91],"raw":[93],"materials,":[94],"what":[96],"noteworthy":[98],"next":[101],"two":[102],"generations":[103],"was,":[104],"not":[105],"so":[106],"absolute":[109],"(and":[110],"probably":[111],"relative)":[113],"quantity":[117],"capital,":[119],"but":[120],"a":[121],"composition:":[125],"emergence,":[127],"for":[128],"time,":[131],"large":[133],"concentrations":[134],"fixed":[136],"capital.":[137]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":7}],"updated_date":"2026-10-16T09:59:22.235173","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}