{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2155486278","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/wst.1988.5355","title":"Testing in top-down program development","display_name":"Testing in top-down program development","publication_year":2003,"publication_date":"2003-01-06","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2155486278","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/wst.1988.5355","mag":"2155486278"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/wst.1988.5355","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/wst.1988.5355","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/wst.1988.5355","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407085879","display_name":"ACM SIGSOFT International Symposium on Software Testing and Analysis (ISSTA)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"[1988] Proceedings. Second Workshop on Software Testing, Verification, and Analysis","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"volume":null,"type":"conference-paper","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111551670","display_name":"Janusz W. Laski","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154425047","display_name":"University of Alberta","ror":"https://ror.org/0160cpw27","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154425047"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I177721651","display_name":"Oakland University","ror":"https://ror.org/01ythxj32","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177721651"]}],"countries":["CA","US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"J. Laski","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department Computer Science and Engineering, Oakland University, Rochester, MI, USA","Department Computing Science, University of Alberta, AB, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department Computer Science and Engineering, Oakland University, Rochester, MI, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177721651"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department Computing Science, University of Alberta, AB, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154425047"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5111551670"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154425047","https://openalex.org/I177721651"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":93},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"72","last_page":"79"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10743","display_name":"Software Testing and Debugging Techniques","score":0.9878000020980835,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1712","display_name":"Software"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10743","display_name":"Software Testing and Debugging Techniques","score":0.9878000020980835,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1712","display_name":"Software"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10126","display_name":"Logic, programming, and type systems","score":0.008700000122189522,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1712","display_name":"Software"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10142","display_name":"Formal Methods in Verification","score":0.0007999999797903001,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/test-case-generation","display_name":"test case generation","score":0.5440000295639038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-design-methods","display_name":"software design methodology","score":0.7509999871253967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/formal-specification","display_name":"formal specification","score":0.6959999799728394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/black-box-testing","display_name":"black-box testing","score":0.8270000219345093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/formal-verification","display_name":"formal verification","score":0.6510000228881836}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6804829239845276},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94966114","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q29256","display_name":"Black box","level":2,"score":0.5754691958427429},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.438980370759964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81917197","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q628760","display_name":"Selection (genetic algorithm)","level":2,"score":0.4305295944213867},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86469151","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q917415","display_name":"Non-regression testing","level":5,"score":0.4268287420272827},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115903868","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80993","display_name":"Software engineering","level":1,"score":0.40867263078689575},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.3641915023326874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.26539456844329834},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.13874948024749756},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C529173508","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q638608","display_name":"Software development","level":3,"score":0.12676751613616943},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186846655","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3398377","display_name":"Software construction","level":4,"score":0.0751713216304779}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/wst.1988.5355","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/wst.1988.5355","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/wst.1988.5355","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407085879","display_name":"ACM SIGSOFT International Symposium on Software Testing and Analysis (ISSTA)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"[1988] Proceedings. Second Workshop on Software Testing, Verification, and Analysis","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":13,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1591681788","https://openalex.org/W1591868041","https://openalex.org/W1966418655","https://openalex.org/W1983753065","https://openalex.org/W1995834002","https://openalex.org/W2051374949","https://openalex.org/W2087970252","https://openalex.org/W2095226306","https://openalex.org/W2105436591","https://openalex.org/W2127851059","https://openalex.org/W2150010697","https://openalex.org/W2176959931","https://openalex.org/W3151628504"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1997317077","https://openalex.org/W1524023863","https://openalex.org/W2009338371","https://openalex.org/W2129315245","https://openalex.org/W2158325973","https://openalex.org/W7100559365","https://openalex.org/W1581144893","https://openalex.org/W7096449499","https://openalex.org/W3145795884","https://openalex.org/W4240914319"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"A":[0],"program":[1,20],"design":[2,15,29],"methodology":[3],"is":[4],"presented":[5],"that":[6,42],"advocates":[7],"the":[8,14,45,85],"synthesis":[9],"of":[10,19,28,35,68],"tests":[11,69],"hand-in-hand":[12],"with":[13,90],"at":[16],"every":[17],"stage":[18],"development":[21],"and":[22,38,55,83],"uses":[23],"them":[24],"for":[25],"early":[26],"detection":[27],"flaws.":[30],"It":[31],"involves":[32],"formal":[33,91],"specifications":[34],"abstract":[36,39,60],"programs":[37],"data":[40,61,72],"refinement":[41],"appear":[43],"in":[44],"design.":[46],"The":[47],"main":[48],"findings":[49],"are:":[50],"(1)":[51],"formalization":[52],"facilitates":[53],"black-box":[54,75],"design-based":[56],"functional":[57],"testing;":[58,73,82],"(2)":[59],"testing":[62,76],"allows":[63],"a":[64],"more":[65],"natural":[66],"selection":[67],"than":[70],"concrete":[71],"(3)":[74],"leads":[77],"to":[78],"significant":[79],"structural":[80],"coverage":[81],"(4)":[84],"method":[86],"can":[87],"be":[88],"combined":[89],"verification.>":[92]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
