{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2155283295","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/clinids/22.1.1","title":"Clinical Spectrum of Leishmaniasis","display_name":"Clinical Spectrum of Leishmaniasis","publication_year":1996,"publication_date":"1996-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2155283295","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/clinids/22.1.1","mag":"2155283295","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8824958"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1093/clinids/22.1.1","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/clinids/22.1.1","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/clinids/22.1.1","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S72350973","display_name":"Clinical Infectious Diseases","issn_l":"1058-4838","issn":["1058-4838","1537-6591"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","doyens","jufo-3","ki-jl-3","medline","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Clinical Infectious Diseases","raw_type":"journal-article"},"parent_works":[],"lineage":["https://openalex.org/W2155283295"],"child_works_count":0,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"R. D. Pearson","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I51556381","display_name":"University of Virginia","ror":"https://ror.org/0153tk833","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I51556381"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"R. D. Pearson","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Medicine, University of Virginia Health Sciences Center, Charlottesville 22908, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Medicine, University of Virginia Health Sciences Center, Charlottesville 22908, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I51556381"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035512808","display_name":"Anast\u00e1cio de Queiroz Sousa","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"A. d. Q. Sousa","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":4763,"currency":"USD","value_usd":4763},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":17.7653,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":544,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9933592,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"22","issue":"1","first_page":"1","last_page":"13"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10823","display_name":"Research on Leishmaniasis Studies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10823","display_name":"Research on Leishmaniasis Studies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12107","display_name":"Leprosy Research and Treatment","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2725","display_name":"Infectious Diseases"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11702","display_name":"Parasitic Diseases Research and Treatment","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2725","display_name":"Infectious Diseases"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/leishmaniasis","display_name":"leishmaniasis","score":0.9980000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/clinical-syndromes","display_name":"clinical syndromes","score":0.7900000214576721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/visceral-leishmaniasis","display_name":"visceral leishmaniasis","score":0.968999981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cutaneous-leishmaniasis","display_name":"cutaneous leishmaniasis","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mucocutaneous-leishmaniasis","display_name":"mucocutaneous leishmaniasis","score":0.9750000238418579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/leishmania-species","display_name":"Leishmania species","score":0.8809999823570251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/host-immune-response","display_name":"host immune response","score":0.8679999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/virulence-factors","display_name":"virulence factors","score":0.7730000019073486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reticuloendothelial-system","display_name":"reticuloendothelial system","score":0.875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/incidence-and-prevalence","display_name":"incidence and prevalence","score":0.6959999799728394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/endemic-areas","display_name":"endemic areas","score":0.3019999861717224}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776555147","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q331283","display_name":"Leishmaniasis","level":2,"score":0.8253099918365479},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778702967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2590966","display_name":"Cutaneous leishmaniasis","level":3,"score":0.750808835029602},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.7448071241378784},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781092759","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q524818","display_name":"Leishmania","level":3,"score":0.7039375901222229},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778689377","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2046113","display_name":"Visceral leishmaniasis","level":3,"score":0.661432683467865},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61511704","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1671857","display_name":"Incidence (geometry)","level":2,"score":0.6294766068458557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779134260","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12136","display_name":"Disease","level":2,"score":0.5589653849601746},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203014093","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101929","display_name":"Immunology","level":1,"score":0.5274912118911743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C16005928","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q171171","display_name":"Dermatology","level":1,"score":0.38164687156677246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.21383899450302124},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71928629","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q804206","display_name":"Parasite hosting","level":2,"score":0.17534160614013672},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000818","descriptor_name":"Animals","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007891","descriptor_name":"Leishmania","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007896","descriptor_name":"Leishmaniasis","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D007896","descriptor_name":"Leishmaniasis","qualifier_ui":"Q000473","qualifier_name":"pathology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D007896","descriptor_name":"Leishmaniasis","qualifier_ui":"Q000628","qualifier_name":"therapy","is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1093/clinids/22.1.1","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/clinids/22.1.1","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/clinids/22.1.1","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S72350973","display_name":"Clinical Infectious Diseases","issn_l":"1058-4838","issn":["1058-4838","1537-6591"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","doyens","jufo-3","ki-jl-3","medline","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Clinical Infectious Diseases","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:8824958","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8824958","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.9763000011444092}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":49,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W7211577","https://openalex.org/W13635433","https://openalex.org/W76609547","https://openalex.org/W104535245","https://openalex.org/W657521250","https://openalex.org/W1522937530","https://openalex.org/W1584602588","https://openalex.org/W1686345002","https://openalex.org/W1800392932","https://openalex.org/W1810297567","https://openalex.org/W1833207062","https://openalex.org/W1835042769","https://openalex.org/W1840052409","https://openalex.org/W1855302596","https://openalex.org/W1880476205","https://openalex.org/W1968379474","https://openalex.org/W1968715761","https://openalex.org/W1974504941","https://openalex.org/W1977557756","https://openalex.org/W1989387875","https://openalex.org/W2005875868","https://openalex.org/W2039163253","https://openalex.org/W2049046642","https://openalex.org/W2049116015","https://openalex.org/W2050344928","https://openalex.org/W2052387345","https://openalex.org/W2059433996","https://openalex.org/W2063852433","https://openalex.org/W2068659785","https://openalex.org/W2074444302","https://openalex.org/W2079140747","https://openalex.org/W2082149303","https://openalex.org/W2091246270","https://openalex.org/W2092973954","https://openalex.org/W2130518159","https://openalex.org/W2134253010","https://openalex.org/W2144559723","https://openalex.org/W2163919718","https://openalex.org/W2217750255","https://openalex.org/W2274750514","https://openalex.org/W2279417831","https://openalex.org/W2297717899","https://openalex.org/W2311012541","https://openalex.org/W2314246328","https://openalex.org/W2330770341","https://openalex.org/W2410898029","https://openalex.org/W2415417070","https://openalex.org/W2430429866","https://openalex.org/W2802460614"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2063749069","https://openalex.org/W4237678079","https://openalex.org/W1599076405","https://openalex.org/W1994743834","https://openalex.org/W2124465005","https://openalex.org/W2900438122","https://openalex.org/W4245708530","https://openalex.org/W2082372194","https://openalex.org/W4220792267","https://openalex.org/W4372229010"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,26,88,129],"clinical":[1,54,78],"manifestations":[2],"of":[3,14,23,31,41,64,93,131],"leishmaniasis":[4,94,133],"depend":[5],"on":[6],"com\u00ad":[7],"plex":[8],"interactions":[9],"between":[10],"the":[11,15,20,42,108,114],"virulence":[12],"characteristics":[13],"infecting":[16],"Leishmania":[17,71],"species":[18,72],"and":[19,58,80,91,144],"immune":[21],"responses":[22],"its":[24],"host.":[25],"result":[27],"is":[28,83,95,110],"a":[29,62,69],"spectrum":[30],"disease":[32,46],"ranging":[33],"from":[34],"localized":[35],"skin":[36],"lesions":[37],"to":[38,137],"diffuse":[39],"involvement":[40],"reticuloendothelial":[43],"system.":[44],"Human":[45],"has":[47,134],"traditionally":[48],"been":[49,135],"divided":[50],"into":[51],"three":[52],"major":[53],"syndromes:":[55],"visceral,":[56],"cutaneous,":[57],"mucosal":[59],"leishmaniasis;":[60],"however,":[61],"number":[63],"variants":[65],"exist.":[66],"Further\u00ad":[67],"more,":[68],"single":[70],"can":[73],"produce":[74],"more":[75],"than":[76],"one":[77],"syndrome,":[79],"each":[81],"syndrome":[82],"caused":[84],"by":[85],"multiple":[86],"species.":[87],"true":[89],"incidence":[90,130],"prevalence":[92],"uncer\u00ad":[96],"tain":[97],"because":[98],"many":[99],"cases":[100,141],"go":[101],"undiagnosed":[102],"or":[103],"unreported":[104],"in":[105],"areas":[106],"where":[107],"infection":[109],"endemic.":[111],"In":[112],"1993,":[113],"World":[115],"Health":[116],"Organization":[117],"estimated":[118,136],"that":[119],"350":[120],"million":[121,140],"people":[122],"worldwide":[123],"were":[124],"at":[125],"risk":[126],"for":[127],"infection.":[128],"cutaneous":[132],"be":[138],"1.0-1.5":[139],"per":[142],"year,":[143]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":18},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":18},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":20},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":26},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":22},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":25},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":33},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":24},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":18}],"updated_date":"2026-11-14T11:04:58.165337","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
