{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2155118331","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s1356186300014103","title":"Tribes and States in the Middle East","display_name":"Tribes and States in the Middle East","publication_year":1993,"publication_date":"1993-11-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2155118331","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s1356186300014103","mag":"2155118331"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1017/s1356186300014103","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s1356186300014103","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s1356186300014103","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S194872021","display_name":"Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society","issn_l":"1356-1863","issn":["1356-1863","1474-0591"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","erih-plus","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311721","host_organization_name":"Cambridge University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311721","https://openalex.org/P4310311702"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cambridge University Press","University of Cambridge"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110390141","display_name":"Patricia Crone","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Patricia Crone","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5110390141"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":3550,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3550},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.741,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":125,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9257493,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"3","issue":"3","first_page":"353","last_page":"376"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10794","display_name":"Islamic Studies and History","score":0.9009000062942505,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10794","display_name":"Islamic Studies and History","score":0.9009000062942505,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13103","display_name":"Middle East Politics and Society","score":0.04650000110268593,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12999","display_name":"Medieval History and Crusades","score":0.018699999898672104,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1202","display_name":"History"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tribes","display_name":"tribes","score":0.8240000009536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tribalism","display_name":"tribalism","score":0.6949999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/islamic-history","display_name":"Islamic history","score":0.5590000152587891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/middle-east","display_name":"Middle East","score":0.6600000262260437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/state-formation","display_name":"state formation","score":0.6729999780654907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tribal-state-relations","display_name":"tribal-state relations","score":0.5929999947547913}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4445939","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q432","display_name":"Islam","level":2,"score":0.8220908045768738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3651065","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7204","display_name":"Middle East","level":2,"score":0.7884801030158997},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136815107","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q154242","display_name":"Nothing","level":2,"score":0.7260765433311462},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C122302079","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8432","display_name":"Civilization","level":2,"score":0.7206129431724548},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195244886","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41493","display_name":"Ancient history","level":1,"score":0.6428889036178589},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95457728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q309","display_name":"History","level":0,"score":0.5311319231987},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C200724805","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1990792","display_name":"Alien","level":4,"score":0.5054073333740234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.41051116585731506},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2549261","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43455","display_name":"Ethnology","level":1,"score":0.3679320812225342},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.21682938933372498},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.12831902503967285},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.08317792415618896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.06669533252716064},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780781376","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42138","display_name":"Citizenship","level":3,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1017/s1356186300014103","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s1356186300014103","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s1356186300014103","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S194872021","display_name":"Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society","issn_l":"1356-1863","issn":["1356-1863","1474-0591"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","erih-plus","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311721","host_organization_name":"Cambridge University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311721","https://openalex.org/P4310311702"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cambridge University Press","University of Cambridge"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":32,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W578133859","https://openalex.org/W613684057","https://openalex.org/W630971838","https://openalex.org/W645002789","https://openalex.org/W1516281344","https://openalex.org/W1558219886","https://openalex.org/W1581086877","https://openalex.org/W2008344747","https://openalex.org/W2019413482","https://openalex.org/W2029052481","https://openalex.org/W2053722424","https://openalex.org/W2063016373","https://openalex.org/W2080449237","https://openalex.org/W2105624878","https://openalex.org/W2260071922","https://openalex.org/W2315721054","https://openalex.org/W2323378606","https://openalex.org/W2592048359","https://openalex.org/W2606240982","https://openalex.org/W2797455138","https://openalex.org/W2893393435","https://openalex.org/W2972445638","https://openalex.org/W4232393941","https://openalex.org/W4237315889","https://openalex.org/W4238367024","https://openalex.org/W4299560118","https://openalex.org/W6600024397","https://openalex.org/W6607254190","https://openalex.org/W6608845822","https://openalex.org/W6639908442","https://openalex.org/W6754994531","https://openalex.org/W6775192939"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3199542018","https://openalex.org/W7019833198","https://openalex.org/W657116863","https://openalex.org/W7075348482","https://openalex.org/W7118002281","https://openalex.org/W7062492270","https://openalex.org/W4399826243","https://openalex.org/W4388058019","https://openalex.org/W7034666429","https://openalex.org/W128896925"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"To":[0,28],"undergraduates":[1],"of":[2,6,11,40,47,87,127],"Western":[3],"origin,":[4],"one":[5],"the":[7,15,32,37,45,65,69,93,106,117,121,125,150,159],"most":[8],"alien":[9],"aspects":[10],"Islamic":[12,160],"history":[13],"is":[14,36,50,111,134,154],"role":[16,95,119],"played":[17,116],"in":[18,59,84,96,105,120,158],"it":[19,35,112],"by":[20],"tribes:":[21],"why":[22,52],"did":[23,90,104,131],"they":[24,89,103,115,130],"never":[25],"disappear":[26],"?":[27,61,79],"seasoned":[29],"Islamicists,":[30],"on":[31],"other":[33],"hand,":[34],"virtual":[38],"disappearance":[39],"tribes":[41,81,144,157],"from":[42,149],"Europe":[43],"after":[44],"age":[46],"invasions":[48],"that":[49,114,138,145,152],"puzzling:":[51],"are":[53],"there":[54,153],"no":[55],"\u1e24\u0101shid":[56],"and":[57,76,98],"Bak\u012bl":[58],"Switzerland":[60],"Who":[62],"could":[63],"imagine":[64],"Yemeni":[66],"highlands":[67],"or":[68],"Caucasus":[70],"as":[71,102,129],"places":[72],"renowned":[73],"for":[74],"banks":[75],"cuckoo":[77],"clocks":[78],"Though":[80],"were":[82],"prominent":[83],"many":[85],"parts":[86],"Asia,":[88],"not":[91],"play":[92],"same":[94,118],"Chinese":[97],"Indian":[99],"civilisation":[100],"either":[101],"Muslim":[107],"Middle":[108,122],"East;":[109],"nor":[110],"obvious":[113],"East":[123],"before":[124],"rise":[126],"Islam":[128],"thereafter.":[132],"It":[133],"hardly":[135],"surprising,":[136],"then,":[137],"Islamicists":[139],"talk":[140],"so":[141],"much":[142],"about":[143],"non-Islamicists":[146],"often":[147],"suffer":[148],"misconception":[151],"nothing":[155],"but":[156],"world.":[161]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":38},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
