{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2155083296","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstqe.2009.2021533","title":"3-D Near-Infrared Fluorescence Imaging Using an MEMS-Based Miniature Dual-Axis Confocal Microscope","display_name":"3-D Near-Infrared Fluorescence Imaging Using an MEMS-Based Miniature Dual-Axis Confocal Microscope","publication_year":2009,"publication_date":"2009-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2155083296","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstqe.2009.2021533","mag":"2155083296"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jstqe.2009.2021533","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstqe.2009.2021533","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstqe.2009.2021533","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S192705446","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics","issn_l":"1077-260X","issn":["1077-260X","1558-4542"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-b","jufo-2","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310322178","host_organization_name":"IEEE Photonics Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310322178","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Photonics Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082268195","display_name":"Wibool Piyawattanametha","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2228-8485","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2228-8485"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I14316845","display_name":"National Electronics and Computer Technology Center","ror":"https://ror.org/04z82ry91","country_code":"TH","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1332092204","https://openalex.org/I14316845"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I97018004","display_name":"Stanford University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f54p054","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}],"countries":["TH","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"W. Piyawattanametha","raw_affiliation_strings":["Departments of Applied Physics, Biology, Electrical Engineering, Microbiology and Immunology, and Pediatrics, University of Stanford, Stanford, CA, USA","Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkom University, Pathum Thani, Thailand","National Electronics and Computer Technology Center, Pathum Thani, Thailand"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Departments of Applied Physics, Biology, Electrical Engineering, Microbiology and Immunology, and Pediatrics, University of Stanford, Stanford, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkom University, Pathum Thani, Thailand","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Electronics and Computer Technology Center, Pathum Thani, Thailand","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I14316845"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110055953","display_name":"Hyejun Ra","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I97018004","display_name":"Stanford University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f54p054","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hyejun Ra","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Stanford, Stanford, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Stanford, Stanford, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011246749","display_name":"Michael J. Mandella","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0805-2687","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0805-2687"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I97018004","display_name":"Stanford University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f54p054","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"M.J. Mandella","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Stanford, Stanford, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Stanford, Stanford, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002865530","display_name":"Kevin E. Loewke","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7182-4742","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7182-4742"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I97018004","display_name":"Stanford University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f54p054","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"K. Loewke","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Stanford, Stanford, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Stanford, Stanford, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078504833","display_name":"Thomas D. Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9182-9620","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9182-9620"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27837315","display_name":"University of Michigan","ror":"https://ror.org/00jmfr291","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"T.D. Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052842999","display_name":"Gordon S. Kino","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I97018004","display_name":"Stanford University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f54p054","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"G.S. Kino","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Stanford, Stanford, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Stanford, Stanford, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091113379","display_name":"Olav Solgaard","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6110-7758","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6110-7758"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I97018004","display_name":"Stanford University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f54p054","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"O. Solgaard","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Stanford, Stanford, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Stanford, Stanford, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081671050","display_name":"Christopher H. Contag","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1011-8278","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1011-8278"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I97018004","display_name":"Stanford University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f54p054","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"C.H. Contag","raw_affiliation_strings":["Departments of Pediatrics and Immunology, University of Stanford, Stanford, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Departments of Pediatrics and Immunology, University of Stanford, Stanford, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":2645,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2645},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.7866,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":44,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.89336441,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":87,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"15","issue":"5","first_page":"1344","last_page":"1350"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10977","display_name":"Optical Imaging and Spectroscopy Techniques","score":0.4284999966621399,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10977","display_name":"Optical Imaging and Spectroscopy Techniques","score":0.4284999966621399,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10540","display_name":"Advanced Fluorescence Microscopy Techniques","score":0.2621999979019165,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1304","display_name":"Biophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11324","display_name":"Spectroscopy Techniques in Biomedical and Chemical Research","score":0.1136000007390976,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1304","display_name":"Biophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/near-infrared-fluorescence-imaging","display_name":"near-infrared fluorescence imaging","score":0.9700000286102295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/3d-imaging","display_name":"3D imaging","score":0.8659999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/miniature-microscope","display_name":"miniature microscope","score":0.7440000176429749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/in-vivo-imaging","display_name":"in vivo imaging","score":0.6320000290870667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ex-vivo-imaging","display_name":"ex vivo imaging","score":0.8240000009536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human-skin-imaging","display_name":"human skin imaging","score":0.722000002861023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/axial-resolution","display_name":"axial resolution","score":0.7509999871253967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lateral-resolution","display_name":"lateral resolution","score":0.8080000281333923}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136009344","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q336201","display_name":"Confocal","level":2,"score":0.8472107648849487},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C67649825","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q196538","display_name":"Microscope","level":2,"score":0.8136372566223145},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.7011324763298035},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.5996264219284058},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779178360","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q902045","display_name":"Confocal microscopy","level":2,"score":0.530156672000885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169274487","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q840211","display_name":"Fluorescence microscope","level":3,"score":0.5199093222618103},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57477423","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1434196","display_name":"Fluorescence-lifetime imaging microscopy","level":3,"score":0.5080766677856445},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3261483","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q119565","display_name":"Frame rate","level":2,"score":0.4961908459663391},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C37977207","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175561","display_name":"Microelectromechanical systems","level":2,"score":0.4956594705581665},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147080431","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1074953","display_name":"Microscopy","level":2,"score":0.477058082818985},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C91881484","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q191807","display_name":"Fluorescence","level":2,"score":0.43062663078308105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136229726","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q327092","display_name":"Biomedical engineering","level":1,"score":0.3653682470321655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49040817","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193091","display_name":"Optoelectronics","level":1,"score":0.29670679569244385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.13114872574806213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.0654471218585968}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/jstqe.2009.2021533","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstqe.2009.2021533","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstqe.2009.2021533","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S192705446","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics","issn_l":"1077-260X","issn":["1077-260X","1558-4542"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-b","jufo-2","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310322178","host_organization_name":"IEEE Photonics Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310322178","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Photonics Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320326788","display_name":"National Electronics and Computer Technology Center","ror":"https://ror.org/04z82ry91"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":30,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1864925465","https://openalex.org/W1913438737","https://openalex.org/W1967920679","https://openalex.org/W1968287656","https://openalex.org/W1990215412","https://openalex.org/W1993503653","https://openalex.org/W1997941115","https://openalex.org/W1998548419","https://openalex.org/W2003420201","https://openalex.org/W2006763314","https://openalex.org/W2030574742","https://openalex.org/W2033710917","https://openalex.org/W2039408541","https://openalex.org/W2053728658","https://openalex.org/W2056252502","https://openalex.org/W2061322323","https://openalex.org/W2070432432","https://openalex.org/W2072410176","https://openalex.org/W2081784183","https://openalex.org/W2114891867","https://openalex.org/W2117621390","https://openalex.org/W2124879373","https://openalex.org/W2125860692","https://openalex.org/W2134319961","https://openalex.org/W2135753442","https://openalex.org/W2143481323","https://openalex.org/W2159047654","https://openalex.org/W2162167164","https://openalex.org/W2163478207","https://openalex.org/W3140883251"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1978588095","https://openalex.org/W2154169584","https://openalex.org/W2143481323","https://openalex.org/W2134327201","https://openalex.org/W2030574742","https://openalex.org/W4386081671","https://openalex.org/W2088991535","https://openalex.org/W1978168680","https://openalex.org/W4383814951","https://openalex.org/W2053728658"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0],"demonstrate":[1],"a":[2,12],"fast":[3],"miniature":[4,27],"microelectro-mechanical-system-based":[5],"near-infrared":[6],"fluorescence":[7],"dual-axis":[8],"confocal":[9],"microscope":[10],"in":[11,18,23,30,64],"10-mm-diameter":[13],"package":[14],"for":[15],"3-D":[16],"imaging":[17],"both":[19],"ex":[20],"vivo":[21,24,65],"and":[22,49,54],"samples.":[25],"The":[26,47],"microscope,":[28],"while":[29],"contact":[31],"with":[32],"the":[33,72],"targeted":[34],"tissue,":[35],"can":[36],"reveal":[37],"subsurface":[38],"structure":[39],"or":[40],"anatomy":[41],"as":[42,44],"deep":[43],"300":[45],"mum.":[46],"lateral":[48],"axial":[50],"resolutions":[51],"are":[52],"5":[53,85],"7":[55],"mum,":[56],"respectively.":[57],"Real-time":[58],"en":[59],"face":[60],"mosaicing":[61],"image":[62],"of":[63,84],"human":[66],"skin":[67],"is":[68],"demonstrated":[69],"to":[70,75],"enlarge":[71],"overall":[73],"FOV":[74],"be":[76],"over":[77],"3":[78],"mm":[79],"at":[80],"acquisition":[81],"frame":[82],"rate":[83],"frames/s.":[86]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
