{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2154994271","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cpp.593","title":"Counterfactual thinking and functional differences in depression","display_name":"Counterfactual thinking and functional differences in depression","publication_year":2008,"publication_date":"2008-09-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2154994271","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cpp.593","mag":"2154994271","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19115454"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1002/cpp.593","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cpp.593","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cpp.593","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S24464885","display_name":"Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy","issn_l":"1063-3995","issn":["1063-3995","1099-0879"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-c","erih-plus","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Clinical Psychology &amp; Psychotherapy","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10400.12/1406","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003637499","display_name":"Ana Cristina Quelhas","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7698-2459","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7698-2459"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210102116","display_name":"ISPA - Instituto Universit\u00e1rio","ror":"https://ror.org/019yg0716","country_code":"PT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210102116"]}],"countries":["PT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ana Cristina Quelhas","raw_affiliation_strings":["Instituto Superior de Psicologia Aplicada, Lisbon, Portugal"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Instituto Superior de Psicologia Aplicada, Lisbon, Portugal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210102116"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036643309","display_name":"Mick Power","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9481-9225","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9481-9225"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98677209","display_name":"University of Edinburgh","ror":"https://ror.org/01nrxwf90","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98677209"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Mick J. Power","raw_affiliation_strings":["Edinburgh University, Edinburgh, UK and Department of Psychology, University of Troms\u00f8, Norway"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Edinburgh University, Edinburgh, UK and Department of Psychology, University of Troms\u00f8, Norway","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98677209"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003506499","display_name":"Csongor Juhos","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210102116","display_name":"ISPA - Instituto Universit\u00e1rio","ror":"https://ror.org/019yg0716","country_code":"PT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210102116"]}],"countries":["PT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Csongor Juhos","raw_affiliation_strings":["Instituto Superior de Psicologia Aplicada, Lisbon, Portugal"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Instituto Superior de Psicologia Aplicada, Lisbon, Portugal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210102116"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013193501","display_name":"Jorge Senos","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210102116","display_name":"ISPA - Instituto Universit\u00e1rio","ror":"https://ror.org/019yg0716","country_code":"PT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210102116"]}],"countries":["PT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jorge Senos","raw_affiliation_strings":["Instituto Superior de Psicologia Aplicada, Lisbon, Portugal"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Instituto Superior de Psicologia Aplicada, Lisbon, Portugal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210102116"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5036643309"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98677209"],"apc_list":{"value":3810,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3810},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.5153,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":23,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.68508454,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":87,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"15","issue":"5","first_page":"352","last_page":"365"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10853","display_name":"Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes","score":0.9818999767303467,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10853","display_name":"Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes","score":0.9818999767303467,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11983","display_name":"Identity, Memory, and Therapy","score":0.005900000222027302,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3204","display_name":"Developmental and Educational Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10315","display_name":"Decision-Making and Behavioral Economics","score":0.003100000089034438,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1800","display_name":"General Decision Sciences"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/counterfactual-thinking","display_name":"counterfactual reasoning","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/depression","display_name":"depression","score":0.996999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/behavior-change","display_name":"behavior change","score":0.7799999713897705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adverse-outcomes","display_name":"adverse outcomes","score":0.34700000286102295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/exam-performance","display_name":"exam performance","score":0.4020000100135803}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108650721","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1783253","display_name":"Counterfactual thinking","level":2,"score":0.920196533203125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.7628413438796997},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776867660","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1814941","display_name":"Depression (economics)","level":2,"score":0.6895559430122375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776445246","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1792644","display_name":"Style (visual arts)","level":2,"score":0.567987859249115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70410870","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199906","display_name":"Clinical psychology","level":1,"score":0.5484932661056519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776502983","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q690182","display_name":"Contrast (vision)","level":2,"score":0.4936910569667816},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169900460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2200417","display_name":"Cognition","level":2,"score":0.481481671333313},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14036430","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3736076","display_name":"Function (biology)","level":2,"score":0.44538700580596924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138496976","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175002","display_name":"Developmental psychology","level":1,"score":0.369881272315979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.28124964237213135},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118552586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7867","display_name":"Psychiatry","level":1,"score":0.21477791666984558},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78458016","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q840400","display_name":"Evolutionary biology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95457728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q309","display_name":"History","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139719470","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39680","display_name":"Macroeconomics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000223","descriptor_name":"Adaptation, Psychological","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003071","descriptor_name":"Cognition","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003866","descriptor_name":"Depressive Disorder","qualifier_ui":"Q000523","qualifier_name":"psychology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D004644","descriptor_name":"Emotions","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007389","descriptor_name":"Internal-External Control","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011174","descriptor_name":"Portugal","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012649","descriptor_name":"Self Concept","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D033182","descriptor_name":"Intention","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1002/cpp.593","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cpp.593","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cpp.593","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S24464885","display_name":"Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy","issn_l":"1063-3995","issn":["1063-3995","1099-0879"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-c","erih-plus","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Clinical Psychology &amp; Psychotherapy","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:19115454","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19115454","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Clinical psychology & psychotherapy","raw_type":"Clinical Trial"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.466.5492","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.466.5492","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://repositorio.ispa.pt/bitstream/10400.12/1406/1/CPP 15%2C 352%E2%80%93365.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:repositorio.ispa.pt:10400.12/1406","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10400.12/1406","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402433","display_name":"Portuguese National Funding Agency for Science, Research and Technology (RCAAP Project by FCT)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"journal article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:repositorio.ispa.pt:10400.12/1406","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10400.12/1406","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402433","display_name":"Portuguese National Funding Agency for Science, Research and Technology (RCAAP Project by FCT)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"journal article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8999999761581421,"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":45,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W12605938","https://openalex.org/W43322953","https://openalex.org/W58156295","https://openalex.org/W174805281","https://openalex.org/W175910434","https://openalex.org/W1532394360","https://openalex.org/W1555731215","https://openalex.org/W1557998370","https://openalex.org/W1574141395","https://openalex.org/W1646015646","https://openalex.org/W1735416883","https://openalex.org/W1966494669","https://openalex.org/W1974768803","https://openalex.org/W1981790027","https://openalex.org/W2008356131","https://openalex.org/W2009735175","https://openalex.org/W2022640694","https://openalex.org/W2023567586","https://openalex.org/W2024236311","https://openalex.org/W2035530423","https://openalex.org/W2037875736","https://openalex.org/W2039600360","https://openalex.org/W2044326486","https://openalex.org/W2070341805","https://openalex.org/W2080638287","https://openalex.org/W2080707359","https://openalex.org/W2082119897","https://openalex.org/W2104420793","https://openalex.org/W2108443882","https://openalex.org/W2123672088","https://openalex.org/W2144288181","https://openalex.org/W2148579870","https://openalex.org/W2167012893","https://openalex.org/W2169652586","https://openalex.org/W2171813069","https://openalex.org/W2477929003","https://openalex.org/W2740588183","https://openalex.org/W2801912451","https://openalex.org/W2805214425","https://openalex.org/W2976207952","https://openalex.org/W4214907476","https://openalex.org/W4235198841","https://openalex.org/W4237704392","https://openalex.org/W4243375681","https://openalex.org/W4285719527"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1641322068","https://openalex.org/W1565521889","https://openalex.org/W2171813069","https://openalex.org/W2216762189","https://openalex.org/W2981560223","https://openalex.org/W2349954482","https://openalex.org/W2376067301","https://openalex.org/W2037621938","https://openalex.org/W7163601244","https://openalex.org/W2775135115"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,47],"purpose":[1],"of":[2,14,35,59,64,168,206,229],"the":[3,12,33,67,70,78,123,135,151,158,198,217,227,241],"studies":[4],"reported":[5],"in":[6,18,98,112,195,232,235],"this":[7,94],"paper":[8],"was":[9,52,74,96,107,127],"to":[10,29,40,91,145,189,197,211],"evaluate":[11],"function":[13,228],"counterfactual":[15],"thinking":[16,172],"(CT)":[17],"depression.":[19],"In":[20,101,149,220],"Experiment":[21,102],"1,":[22],"depressed":[23,68,130,161,233],"and":[24,39,62,69,131,213,234,238,243],"non-depressed":[25,71,132,140,199,236],"participants":[26,114,133,141,162],"were":[27,142],"asked":[28],"imagine":[30],"themselves":[31],"as":[32],"protagonist":[34],"a":[36,53,82,104,116,166,191,204],"hypothetical":[37],"situation,":[38],"think":[41],"counterfactually":[42,173],"about":[43,226],"three":[44],"different":[45],"scenarios.":[46],"results":[48,223],"showed":[49,134,154,165],"that":[50,77,129],"there":[51],"similar":[54,84,185,192],"CT":[55,88,137,147,176,230],"style":[56],"(in":[57],"terms":[58],"direction,":[60],"structure":[61],"focus":[63],"mutation)":[65],"for":[66,81,183,245],"groups.":[72,100,248],"It":[73],"also":[75,202],"found":[76],"perceived":[79],"preparation":[80],"future":[83,184],"situation":[85,106],"increased":[86],"after":[87,175],"and,":[89],"contrary":[90],"our":[92],"hypotheses,":[93],"effect":[95],"observed":[97,128],"both":[99,231,240],"2,":[103],"real-life":[105],"used":[108],"(a":[109,119],"course":[110],"examination)":[111],"which":[113],"experienced":[115],"negative":[117],"outcome":[118],"poor":[120],"score":[121],"on":[122],"test).":[124],"Again,":[125],"it":[126],"same":[136],"style,":[138],"but":[139,201],"more":[143,181],"likely":[144],"use":[146],"spontaneously.":[148],"addition,":[150],"second":[152],"study":[153],"further":[155],"differences":[156,244],"between":[157],"two":[159,247],"groups:":[160],"not":[163,179],"only":[164],"lack":[167,205],"cognitive":[169],"benefits":[170],"from":[171],"(i.e.,":[174],"they":[177],"do":[178],"feel":[180],"prepared":[182],"events,":[186],"nor":[187],"able":[188],"avoid":[190],"bad":[193],"outcome,":[194],"contrast":[196],"participants),":[200],"show":[203],"behavioural":[207],"changes":[208,215],"(both":[209],"intentions":[210],"change":[212],"actual":[214],"over":[216],"subsequent":[218],"week).":[219],"conclusion,":[221],"these":[222,246],"provide":[224],"evidence":[225],"thinking,":[237],"highlight":[239],"similarities":[242]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
