{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2154893586","doi":null,"title":"Causal Relationship Between Exports and Agricultural GDP in Pakistan","display_name":"Causal Relationship Between Exports and Agricultural GDP in Pakistan","publication_year":2008,"publication_date":"2008-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2154893586","mag":"2154893586"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai::11845","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/11845/1/MPRA_paper_11845.pdf","pdf_url":"https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/11845/1/MPRA_paper_11845.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400553","display_name":"Munich Personal RePEc Archive (Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I8204097","host_organization_name":"Ludwig-Maximilians-Universit\u00e4t M\u00fcnchen","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I8204097"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"MPRA Paper"},"volume":null,"type":"report","indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/11845/1/MPRA_paper_11845.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025302146","display_name":"Manzoor Hussain Memon","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1627-9053","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1627-9053"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Manzoor Hussain Memon","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1627-9053","affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027794186","display_name":"Waqar Saleem Baig","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Waqar Saleem Baig","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064052820","display_name":"Muhammad Ubaid Ali","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3564-213X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3564-213X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I134784518","display_name":"Institute of Business Administration Karachi","ror":"https://ror.org/03egfpm06","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I134784518"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Muhammad Ubaid Ali","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Business Administration - Karachi"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Business Administration - Karachi","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I134784518"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":20,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10128","display_name":"Global trade and economics","score":0.8848000168800354,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2000","display_name":"General Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10128","display_name":"Global trade and economics","score":0.8848000168800354,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2000","display_name":"General Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13508","display_name":"Agricultural Economics and Practices","score":0.040699999779462814,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1100","display_name":"General Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11805","display_name":"Agricultural economics and policies","score":0.0203000009059906,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3311","display_name":"Safety Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/agricultural-exports","display_name":"agricultural exports","score":0.8849999904632568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/agricultural-gdp","display_name":"agricultural GDP","score":0.9829999804496765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/export-led-growth","display_name":"export-led growth","score":0.7250000238418579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/granger-causality","display_name":"Granger causality","score":0.7549999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/backward-linkages","display_name":"backward linkages","score":0.800000011920929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/trade-and-economic-growth","display_name":"trade and growth","score":0.8399999737739563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pakistan-agriculture","display_name":"Pakistan agriculture","score":0.4819999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/long-run-relationship","display_name":"long-run relationship","score":0.6179999709129333}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118518473","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11451","display_name":"Agriculture","level":2,"score":0.7758539915084839},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C129824826","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2630107","display_name":"Granger causality","level":2,"score":0.7252204418182373},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.6933867931365967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114350782","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12638","display_name":"Gross domestic product","level":2,"score":0.6733764410018921},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C64357122","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1149766","display_name":"Causality (physics)","level":2,"score":0.5303027629852295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C181683161","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7301159","display_name":"Real gross domestic product","level":2,"score":0.46291759610176086},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776291640","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2912517","display_name":"Value (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.4568399488925934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18547055","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47417","display_name":"International economics","level":1,"score":0.4379277229309082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90673727","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q901718","display_name":"Product (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.4269344210624695},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C155202549","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q178803","display_name":"International trade","level":1,"score":0.3767198622226715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C556758197","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q580018","display_name":"Monetary economics","level":1,"score":0.2990134358406067},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139719470","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39680","display_name":"Macroeconomics","level":1,"score":0.24575594067573547},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149782125","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160039","display_name":"Econometrics","level":1,"score":0.14409425854682922},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.1305919885635376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai::11845","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/11845/1/MPRA_paper_11845.pdf","pdf_url":"https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/11845/1/MPRA_paper_11845.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400553","display_name":"Munich Personal RePEc Archive (Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I8204097","host_organization_name":"Ludwig-Maximilians-Universit\u00e4t M\u00fcnchen","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I8204097"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"MPRA Paper"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:pra:mprapa:11845","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/11845/1/MPRA_paper_11845.pdf","pdf_url":"https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/11845/1/MPRA_paper_11845.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"preprint"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.541.5909","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.541.5909","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/11845/1/MPRA_paper_11845.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"mag:2154893586","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/11845/1/MPRA_paper_11845.pdf","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","raw_type":null},{"id":"mag:3145076365","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://ideas.repec.org/p/pra/mprapa/11845.html","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400553","display_name":"Munich Personal RePEc Archive (Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I8204097","host_organization_name":"Ludwig-Maximilians-Universit\u00e4t M\u00fcnchen","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I8204097"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"MPRA Paper","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai::11845","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/11845/1/MPRA_paper_11845.pdf","pdf_url":"https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/11845/1/MPRA_paper_11845.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400553","display_name":"Munich Personal RePEc Archive (Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I8204097","host_organization_name":"Ludwig-Maximilians-Universit\u00e4t M\u00fcnchen","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I8204097"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"MPRA Paper"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Decent work and economic growth","score":0.7257999777793884,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8"},{"display_name":"Zero hunger","score":0.40450000762939453,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/2"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2154893586.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2154893586.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":33,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W117578815","https://openalex.org/W575712408","https://openalex.org/W1498508942","https://openalex.org/W1499360120","https://openalex.org/W1500281225","https://openalex.org/W1517379123","https://openalex.org/W1523787688","https://openalex.org/W1526997641","https://openalex.org/W1534798215","https://openalex.org/W1587141723","https://openalex.org/W1605042674","https://openalex.org/W1966910378","https://openalex.org/W1969805543","https://openalex.org/W2008551120","https://openalex.org/W2014885813","https://openalex.org/W2086739523","https://openalex.org/W2088063575","https://openalex.org/W2092792153","https://openalex.org/W2103606183","https://openalex.org/W2108367991","https://openalex.org/W2109797829","https://openalex.org/W2110603299","https://openalex.org/W2119235058","https://openalex.org/W2128173181","https://openalex.org/W2134464580","https://openalex.org/W2135065638","https://openalex.org/W2161624353","https://openalex.org/W2161771955","https://openalex.org/W2166996421","https://openalex.org/W2918018853","https://openalex.org/W2959675287","https://openalex.org/W3009064382","https://openalex.org/W3123185352"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3008572345","https://openalex.org/W2275727209","https://openalex.org/W2185396926","https://openalex.org/W1977395794","https://openalex.org/W1508523891","https://openalex.org/W2741272717","https://openalex.org/W7218039779","https://openalex.org/W3197694014","https://openalex.org/W2943752359","https://openalex.org/W3124252451"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"is":[2,52,65,75,130],"an":[3],"attempt":[4],"to":[5,81],"investigate":[6],"the":[7,22,37,41,53,63,68,77,99,122,136,146],"causal":[8],"relationships":[9],"among":[10,76],"agriculture":[11],"and":[12,26,44,107,139],"exports":[13,61,84,138],"in":[14,35,103,153],"Pakistan":[15,74],"by":[16],"using":[17],"time":[18],"series":[19],"data":[20],"for":[21,143],"period":[23],"between":[24,40,135],"1971":[25],"2007.":[27],"There":[28,129],"are":[29],"several":[30],"efforts":[31],"reflecting":[32],"greater":[33],"interest":[34],"exploring":[36],"possible":[38],"relation":[39],"international":[42],"trade":[43],"economic":[45,72,118],"growth.":[46,73],"Increasing":[47],"of":[48,56,62,67,70,91,105],"Gross":[49],"Domestic":[50],"Product":[51],"main":[54],"target":[55],"almost":[57],"every":[58],"economy.":[59],"Promoting":[60],"country":[64],"one":[66],"ways":[69],"achieving":[71],"developing":[78],"countries,":[79],"emphasizing":[80],"boost":[82],"its":[83,86],"since":[85],"inception.":[87],"The":[88,111],"major":[89],"share":[90],"Pakistan\u2019s":[92,117],"export":[93],"has":[94],"strong":[95,126],"backward":[96],"linkages":[97],"with":[98],"agricultural":[100,140],"sector":[101],"both":[102,121,145],"terms":[104],"primary":[106],"value":[108],"added":[109],"commodities.":[110],"findings":[112],"have":[113,124],"significant":[114],"implications":[115],"on":[116],"policy":[119],"as":[120],"variables":[123],"shown":[125],"long-run":[127],"relationship.":[128],"also":[131],"a":[132],"bi-directional":[133],"Granger-causality":[134],"total":[137],"GDP.":[141],"However,":[142],"short-run,":[144],"variable":[147],"does":[148],"not":[149],"cause":[150],"each":[151],"other":[152],"either":[154],"direction.":[155]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-31T12:09:11.096373","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
