{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2154565136","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/2066220314540572","title":"Upgrading electronic monitoring, downgrading probation: Reconfiguring \u2018offender management\u2019 in England and Wales","display_name":"Upgrading electronic monitoring, downgrading probation: Reconfiguring \u2018offender management\u2019 in England and Wales","publication_year":2014,"publication_date":"2014-08-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2154565136","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/2066220314540572","mag":"2154565136"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1177/2066220314540572","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/2066220314540572","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/2066220314540572","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764624701","display_name":"European Journal of Probation","issn_l":"2066-2203","issn":["2066-2203"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":"public-domain","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/public-domain","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"European Journal of Probation","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108601672","display_name":"Mike Nellis","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2030-5827","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2030-5827"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I181647926","display_name":"University of Strathclyde","ror":"https://ror.org/00n3w3b69","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I181647926"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Mike Nellis","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Strathclyde, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Strathclyde, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I181647926"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5108601672"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I181647926"],"apc_list":{"value":3650,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3650},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":44.8605,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":21,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99674515,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"6","issue":"2","first_page":"169","last_page":"191"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12736","display_name":"Criminal Justice and Penology","score":0.9556000232696533,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3308","display_name":"Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12736","display_name":"Criminal Justice and Penology","score":0.9556000232696533,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3308","display_name":"Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10318","display_name":"Criminal Justice and Corrections Analysis","score":0.04100000113248825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13728","display_name":"Crime, Deviance, and Social Control","score":0.0010000000474974513,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-monitoring","display_name":"electronic monitoring","score":0.9890000224113464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gps-tracking","display_name":"GPS tracking","score":0.8899999856948853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radio-frequency-monitoring","display_name":"radio frequency monitoring","score":0.8240000009536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/offender-management","display_name":"offender management","score":0.9869999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/policy-exchange","display_name":"policy exchange","score":0.5839999914169312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/england-and-wales","display_name":"England and Wales","score":0.5809999704360962}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46934059","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q61515","display_name":"Outsourcing","level":2,"score":0.6469465494155884},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778137410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2732820","display_name":"Government (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.6415416598320007},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118589477","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1417017","display_name":"Neoliberalism (international relations)","level":2,"score":0.52463299036026},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60229501","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18822","display_name":"Global Positioning System","level":2,"score":0.5009016990661621},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775936607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466845","display_name":"Tracking (education)","level":2,"score":0.48555371165275574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18762648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42213","display_name":"Work (physics)","level":2,"score":0.44838595390319824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3116431","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q31728","display_name":"Public administration","level":1,"score":0.3769395649433136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.3420073091983795},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.3415258824825287},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.34119418263435364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39549134","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133080","display_name":"Public relations","level":1,"score":0.3226989805698395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.28182563185691833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.22802841663360596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.20268088579177856},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19417346","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7922","display_name":"Pedagogy","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1177/2066220314540572","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/2066220314540572","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/2066220314540572","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764624701","display_name":"European Journal of Probation","issn_l":"2066-2203","issn":["2066-2203"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":"public-domain","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/public-domain","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"European Journal of Probation","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions","score":0.9595999717712402}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions","score":0.7099999785423279}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":24,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W14433621","https://openalex.org/W421113302","https://openalex.org/W645337041","https://openalex.org/W1541802690","https://openalex.org/W1546759497","https://openalex.org/W1546899702","https://openalex.org/W1570464619","https://openalex.org/W1594261204","https://openalex.org/W1594996178","https://openalex.org/W1601776677","https://openalex.org/W1634673854","https://openalex.org/W1942619486","https://openalex.org/W2004436135","https://openalex.org/W2022007721","https://openalex.org/W2036764205","https://openalex.org/W2057447738","https://openalex.org/W2154124909","https://openalex.org/W2303991590","https://openalex.org/W2469962322","https://openalex.org/W2471302204","https://openalex.org/W2480956086","https://openalex.org/W2735054872","https://openalex.org/W3122870814","https://openalex.org/W4236453935"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2141867030","https://openalex.org/W2780055190","https://openalex.org/W188735966","https://openalex.org/W4231297098","https://openalex.org/W4285382315","https://openalex.org/W1781807289","https://openalex.org/W7101033078","https://openalex.org/W3128922068","https://openalex.org/W2036764205","https://openalex.org/W80459459"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"England":[0,257],"and":[1,11,18,32,46,74,169,211,258,279],"Wales":[2,259],"is":[3,107,199],"currently":[4],"privatizing":[5],"most":[6,19],"of":[7,44,71,77,89,104,112,139,172,188,223,252,269,294],"its":[8,82,271],"Probation":[9,285],"Service":[10,286],"simultaneously":[12,281],"planning":[13],"to":[14,132,147,242,273,280,289],"create":[15],"the":[16,26,39,68,75,87,98,101,119,137,153,160,182,186,195,239,283,295],"largest":[17],"advanced":[20,226],"electronic":[21],"monitoring":[22],"(EM)":[23],"scheme":[24],"in":[25,54,96,232,236,250,264,276],"world,":[27],"using":[28],"combined":[29],"GPS":[30,72,277],"tracking":[31,103,278],"radio":[33,124],"frequency":[34,125],"technology.":[35],"Downgrading":[36],"one,":[37],"upgrading":[38],"other.":[40],"Using":[41],"a":[42,58,90,133,141,166,170,201,224],"mix":[43],"published":[45],"unpublished":[47],"sources,":[48],"discussions":[49],"with":[50,144],"some":[51],"key":[52],"players":[53],"these":[55],"developments,":[56],"(and":[57],"\u2018critical":[59],"policy":[60],"analysis\u2019":[61],"perspective),":[62],"this":[63],"article":[64],"begins":[65],"by":[66,208],"documenting":[67],"post-2010":[69],"development":[70],"tracking,":[73],"emergence":[76],"strong":[78],"police":[79],"support":[80],"for":[81,162],"large-scale":[83],"use.":[84],"It":[85],"notes":[86],"role":[88],"right-wing":[91],"think":[92],"tank,":[93],"Policy":[94],"Exchange,":[95],"promoting":[97],"view":[99],"that":[100,115,152,216,298],"GPS-based":[102,227],"offenders\u2019":[105],"movements":[106],"an":[108],"intrinsically":[109],"superior":[110],"form":[111],"\u2018electronic":[113],"monitoring\u2019":[114],"should":[116,287],"fully":[117,266],"replace":[118],"discredited":[120],"but":[121,238],"still":[122],"prevailing":[123],"EM,":[126,149,270],"which":[127],"can":[128],"only":[129],"restrict":[130],"people":[131],"single":[134],"location.":[135],"In":[136],"course":[138],"devising":[140],"third":[142],"contract":[143],"commercial":[145],"organizations":[146],"deliver":[148],"it":[150,244],"transpired":[151],"incumbent":[154],"providers":[155],"had":[156],"been":[157,193,262],"systematically":[158],"overcharging":[159],"government":[161,198],"their":[163,265],"services.":[164],"Although":[165,256],"public":[167],"scandal,":[168],"series":[171],"official":[173],"enquires":[174],"\u2013":[175,178],"summarized":[176],"here":[177],"resulted":[179],"from":[180],"this,":[181],"general":[183],"momentum":[184],"behind":[185],"outsourcing":[187],"penal":[189,219,296],"interventions":[190],"has":[191],"not":[192,231],"slowed:":[194],"Conservative-led":[196],"Coalition":[197],"pursuing":[200],"relentlessly":[202],"neoliberal":[203],"agenda,":[204],"driven":[205],"far":[206],"more":[207],"financial":[209],"imperatives":[210],"technological":[212],"preferences":[213],"than":[214],"anything":[215],"makes":[217],"proper":[218],"sense.":[220],"The":[221],"creation":[222],"large,":[225],"EM":[228],"programme":[229],"may":[230,300],"fact":[233],"work":[234],"out":[235],"practice,":[237],"government\u2019s":[240],"readiness":[241],"envision":[243],"shows":[245],"where":[246],"untrammelled":[247],"neoliberalism":[248,299],"points":[249],"respect":[251],"\u2018offender":[253],"management\u2019":[254],"techniques.":[255],"have":[260],"always":[261],"anomalous":[263],"privatized":[267],"delivery":[268],"preparedness":[272],"invest":[274],"massively":[275],"sacrifice":[282],"state-based":[284],"serve":[288],"warn":[290],"other":[291],"European":[292],"services":[293],"challenges":[297],"present":[301],"them":[302],"with.":[303]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-14T16:39:01.820549","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}