{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2154458261","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1353/lm.2004.0010","title":"Disability as Masquerade","display_name":"Disability as Masquerade","publication_year":2004,"publication_date":"2004-03-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2154458261","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1353/lm.2004.0010","mag":"2154458261","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15264507"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1353/lm.2004.0010","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1353/lm.2004.0010","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1353/lm.2004.0010","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43044738","display_name":"Literature and medicine","issn_l":"0278-9671","issn":["0278-9671","1080-6571"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["jufo-2","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315678","host_organization_name":"Johns Hopkins University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315678","https://openalex.org/P4310316510"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Johns Hopkins University Press","Johns Hopkins University"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Literature and Medicine","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044590405","display_name":"Tobin Siebers","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27837315","display_name":"University of Michigan","ror":"https://ror.org/00jmfr291","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Tobin Siebers","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Michigan, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Michigan, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5044590405"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.9756,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":176,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.90373244,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"23","issue":"1","first_page":"1","last_page":"22"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11003","display_name":"Disability Rights and Representation","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11003","display_name":"Disability Rights and Representation","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12948","display_name":"Inclusion and Disability in Education and Sport","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11514","display_name":"Disability Education and Employment","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/disability","display_name":"disability","score":0.8349999785423279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/passing","display_name":"passing","score":0.5350000262260437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/crutches","display_name":"crutches","score":0.6470000147819519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wheelchairs","display_name":"wheelchairs","score":0.5249999761581421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hyperbole","display_name":"hyperbole","score":0.5199999809265137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/malingering","display_name":"malingering","score":0.4779999852180481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/disability-visibility","display_name":"disability visibility","score":0.3409999907016754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/prosthetics","display_name":"prosthetics","score":0.4699999988079071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/disability-identity","display_name":"disability identity","score":0.3089999854564667}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777855551","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12310021","display_name":"Subject (documents)","level":2,"score":0.5195305943489075},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.4900566339492798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780731512","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q488231","display_name":"Malingering","level":2,"score":0.45034098625183105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781042323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q191931","display_name":"Wheelchair","level":2,"score":0.4306960701942444},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777003408","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5419252","display_name":"Exaggeration","level":2,"score":0.4137935936450958},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.3390839099884033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11171543","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41630","display_name":"Psychoanalysis","level":1,"score":0.24764186143875122},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.1956467628479004},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118552586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7867","display_name":"Psychiatry","level":1,"score":0.18587356805801392},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.11658227443695068},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161191863","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199655","display_name":"Library science","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000203","descriptor_name":"Activities of Daily Living","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000223","descriptor_name":"Adaptation, Psychological","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003142","descriptor_name":"Communication","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006233","descriptor_name":"Persons with Disabilities","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007398","descriptor_name":"Interpersonal Relations","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008019","descriptor_name":"Life Style","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008513","descriptor_name":"Medicine in Literature","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1353/lm.2004.0010","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1353/lm.2004.0010","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1353/lm.2004.0010","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43044738","display_name":"Literature and medicine","issn_l":"0278-9671","issn":["0278-9671","1080-6571"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["jufo-2","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315678","host_organization_name":"Johns Hopkins University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315678","https://openalex.org/P4310316510"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Johns Hopkins University Press","Johns Hopkins University"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Literature and Medicine","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:15264507","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15264507","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Literature and medicine","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:muse.jhu.edu:/article/170316","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://muse.jhu.edu/article/170316","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196299","display_name":"Project Muse (Johns Hopkins University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I145311948","host_organization_name":"Johns Hopkins University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145311948"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:repository.library.georgetown.edu:10822/992400","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://worldcatlibraries.org/registry/gateway?version=1.0&url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&atitle=Disability+as+masquerade&title=Literature+and+Medicine+&volume=23&issue=1&spage=1-22&date=2004-03&au=Siebers,+Tobin","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402467","display_name":"DigitalGeorgetown (Georgetown University Library)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210145449","host_organization_name":"Center for Security and Emerging Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210145449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"eweb:270620","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":48,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W230540954","https://openalex.org/W262618087","https://openalex.org/W560661180","https://openalex.org/W567098414","https://openalex.org/W568894362","https://openalex.org/W573313248","https://openalex.org/W578740330","https://openalex.org/W586284757","https://openalex.org/W590678899","https://openalex.org/W608199993","https://openalex.org/W641754437","https://openalex.org/W645252681","https://openalex.org/W649368466","https://openalex.org/W1484833567","https://openalex.org/W1502120253","https://openalex.org/W1523860101","https://openalex.org/W1532967887","https://openalex.org/W1570050318","https://openalex.org/W1579612150","https://openalex.org/W1998922353","https://openalex.org/W2011535976","https://openalex.org/W2022768097","https://openalex.org/W2026556386","https://openalex.org/W2033503404","https://openalex.org/W2038600245","https://openalex.org/W2040193967","https://openalex.org/W2045225496","https://openalex.org/W2045723600","https://openalex.org/W2049968011","https://openalex.org/W2053501256","https://openalex.org/W2074944424","https://openalex.org/W2076687057","https://openalex.org/W2079847354","https://openalex.org/W2081751322","https://openalex.org/W2088376111","https://openalex.org/W2089963910","https://openalex.org/W2105862625","https://openalex.org/W2107123201","https://openalex.org/W2112299486","https://openalex.org/W2300649294","https://openalex.org/W2313415537","https://openalex.org/W2313528145","https://openalex.org/W2324620929","https://openalex.org/W2340442633","https://openalex.org/W2607930217","https://openalex.org/W2618279019","https://openalex.org/W4211229105","https://openalex.org/W4388313324"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2481940578","https://openalex.org/W4241941874","https://openalex.org/W4399703019","https://openalex.org/W1750602428","https://openalex.org/W7146621901","https://openalex.org/W4391793641","https://openalex.org/W1980132757","https://openalex.org/W7065484786","https://openalex.org/W3007934018","https://openalex.org/W4414320540"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Disability":[0],"as":[1,12,344,365,367,371,404,439,454,456,532,557,561,570,585,673],"Masquerade":[2],"Tobin":[3],"Siebers":[4],"(bio)":[5],"I.":[6],"My":[7,193,490],"subject":[8],"will":[9],"be":[10,136,357,399],"recognized":[11],"passing":[13,531,663,672],"although":[14],"I":[15,27,38,56,61,75,95,118,129,134,151,179,190,209,253,276,286,308,334,340,354,390,396,405,409,416,424,437,457,464],"plan":[16],"to":[17,63,72,98,108,122,153,169,199,211,318,349,356,393,401,412,448,472,476,506,579,638,641],"give":[18],"it":[19,144,219,329,665],"a":[20,48,58,84,89,138,223,256,290,321,358,372,375,441,533,602],"few":[21,284],"unexpected":[22],"twists":[23],"and":[24,32,161,227,239,248,261,315,408,498,553,563,566,583,680],"turns.":[25],"For":[26,281,326],"have":[28,96,121,180,241,309],"been":[29,107,426,452],"keeping":[30,524],"secrets":[31,525,598],"telling":[33],"lies.":[34],"In":[35,91,250,587],"December":[36],"1999,":[37],"had":[39,341,391,425,450],"an":[40,167,433,468,674],"altercation":[41],"at":[42],"the":[43,65,92,100,113,131,183,213,216,270,282,331,350,387,473,481,496,510,520,537,551,590,613,617,622,648,656,659,667],"San":[44],"Francisco":[45],"airport":[46],"with":[47,222,233,374,485,574],"gatekeeper":[49,132],"for":[50,386,535],"Northwest":[51],"Airlines,":[52],"who":[53],"demanded":[54],"that":[55,74,117,133,143,218,231,296,395,415,436,597,612,670],"use":[57,154,212,430],"wheelchair":[59,139],"if":[60,440],"wanted":[62],"claim":[64],"early-boarding":[66],"option.":[67],"He":[68,156],"did":[69],"not":[70,120,148,196,398,505,633],"want":[71],"accept":[73],"was":[76,81,145,173,266,277,330],"disabled":[77],"unless":[78],"my":[79,104,146,187,201,263,267,306,316,362,368,413,422,444,461,500],"status":[80,370],"validated":[82],"by":[83,273,478,543],"highly":[85],"visible":[86],"prop":[87],"like":[88],"wheelchair.":[90],"years":[93,279],"since":[94,339],"begun":[97,392],"feel":[99],"effects":[101],"of":[102,185,225,244,259,323,361,443,523,539,589,616,624,647,651,655,662],"postpolio,":[103],"practice":[105],"has":[106,619],"board":[109,160,191],"airplanes":[110],"immediately":[111],"after":[112,164],"first-class":[114],"passengers":[115],"so":[116],"do":[119,418,513],"navigate":[123],"crowded":[124],"aisles":[125],"on":[126,166,207,255,313,337,421,480,495],"wobbly":[127],"legs.":[128],"answered":[130],"would":[135,397],"in":[137,175,236,428,550,626,644],"soon":[140,410,455],"enough,":[141],"but":[142,178,636],"decision,":[147],"his,":[149],"when":[150,275],"began":[152],"one.":[155],"eventually":[157],"let":[158],"me":[159,165,206,221,243,383,449,477],"then":[162],"chased":[163],"afterthought":[168],"apologize.":[170],"The":[171,346,653,683],"incident":[172],"trivial":[174],"many":[176],"ways,":[177],"now":[181],"adopted":[182],"habit":[184],"exaggerating":[186],"limp":[188],"whenever":[189],"planes.":[192],"exaggeration":[194],"is":[195,508],"always":[197,488],"sufficient":[198],"render":[200],"disability":[202,518],"visible\u2014gatekeepers":[203],"still":[204],"question":[205,474],"occasion\u2014but":[208],"continue":[210],"strategy,":[214],"despite":[215],"fact":[217],"fills":[220],"sense":[224],"anxiety":[226],"bad":[228],"faith,":[229],"emotions":[230],"resonate":[232],"previous":[234],"experiences":[235],"which":[237],"doctors":[238],"nurses":[240],"accused":[242],"false":[245],"complaints,":[246],"oversensitivity,":[247],"malingering.":[249],"January":[251],"2001,":[252],"slipped":[254,458,494],"small":[257],"patch":[258],"ice":[260,497],"broke":[262,499],"knee.":[264],"It":[265],"right":[268],"knee,":[269],"leg":[271],"affected":[272],"polio":[274],"two":[278,515],"old.":[280],"next":[283],"months,":[285],"used":[287],"wooden":[288],"crutches,":[289,295,314],"prosthetic":[291],"device,":[292],"unlike":[293],"forearm":[294],"usually":[297],"signifies":[298],"temporary":[299],"injury":[300],"rather":[301],"than":[302,606],"long-term":[303],"disability.":[304,376],"Throughout":[305],"life":[307,364],"spent":[310],"long":[311],"periods":[312],"return":[317],"them":[319,459],"summoned":[320],"series":[322],"powerful":[324],"emotions.":[325],"one":[327,646],"thing,":[328],"first":[332],"time":[333],"found":[335,465],"myself":[336,466],"crutches":[338,347],"come":[342],"out":[343],"disabled.1":[345],"projected":[348],"public":[351],"world":[352],"what":[353],"felt":[355,438],"profound":[359],"symbol":[360],"inner":[363],"well":[366,420],"present":[369],"person":[373],"They":[377],"also":[378],"[End":[379],"Page":[380],"1]":[381],"gave":[382],"great":[384],"hope":[385],"future":[388],"because":[389,664],"worry":[394],"able":[400],"get":[402],"around":[403],"grew":[406],"older,":[407],"realized":[411],"relief":[414],"could":[417],"very":[419],"crutches.":[423],"tutored":[427],"their":[429,581],"from":[431],"such":[432],"early":[434],"age":[435],"part":[442],"body":[445],"once":[446],"lost":[447],"somehow":[451],"restored":[453],"under":[460],"arms.":[462],"Nevertheless,":[463],"giving":[467],"entirely":[469],"new":[470,491],"answer":[471],"posed":[475],"people":[479,568,573],"street.":[482],"\"What's":[483],"wrong":[484],"you?\"":[486],"they":[487],"ask.":[489],"answer:":[492],"\"I":[493],"knee.\"":[501],"To":[502],"pass":[503,556,560,569,584],"or":[504,546],"pass\u2014that":[507],"often":[509],"question.":[511],"But":[512],"these":[514],"narratives":[516],"about":[517,526],"illustrate":[519],"conventional":[521],"understanding":[522,661],"identity?":[527],"Erving":[528],"Goffman":[529],"defines":[530],"strategy":[534],"managing":[536],"stigma":[538],"\"spoiled":[540],"identities\"\u2014those":[541],"discredited":[542],"law,":[544],"opinion,":[545],"social":[547],"convention.2":[548],"When":[549],"minority":[552],"powerless,":[554],"Jews":[555],"Christians,":[558],"blacks":[559],"whites,":[562],"gay,":[564],"lesbian,":[565],"transgendered":[567],"heterosexuals.":[571],"Similarly,":[572],"disabilities":[575],"find":[576],"ingenious":[577],"ways":[578],"conceal":[580],"impairments":[582],"able-bodied.":[586],"Epistemology":[588],"Closet,":[591],"however,":[592],"Eve":[593],"Kosofsky":[594],"Sedgwick":[595],"suggests":[596],"concerning":[599],"identity":[600],"are":[601],"more":[603],"complicated":[604],"affair":[605],"Goffman's":[607],"definition":[608],"allows,":[609],"arguing":[610],"persuasively":[611],"historical":[614],"specificity":[615],"closet":[618,657],"marked":[620],"indelibly":[621],"meaning":[623],"\"secrecy\"":[625],"twentieth-century":[627],"Western":[628],"culture.3":[629],"Closeting":[630],"involves":[631],"things":[632],"merely":[634],"concealed":[635],"difficult":[637],"disclose\u2014the":[639],"inability":[640],"disclose":[642],"is,":[643],"fact,":[645],"constitutive":[649],"markers":[650],"oppression.":[652],"epistemology":[654],"complicates":[658],"usual":[660],"disrupts":[666],"structural":[668],"binary":[669],"represents":[671],"action":[675],"taking":[676],"place":[677],"between":[678],"knowing":[679],"unknowing":[681],"subjects.":[682],"closet...":[684]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":24},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":23},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":6}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
