{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2154399720","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/016502549401700107","title":"Working Memory and Reading: A Life-span Perspective","display_name":"Working Memory and Reading: A Life-span Perspective","publication_year":1994,"publication_date":"1994-03-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2154399720","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/016502549401700107","mag":"2154399720"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1177/016502549401700107","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/016502549401700107","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/016502549401700107","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S51102485","display_name":"International Journal of Behavioral Development","issn_l":"0165-0254","issn":["0165-0254","1464-0651"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-c","erih-plus","jufo-2","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Behavioral Development","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091616688","display_name":"Linda S. Siegel","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7500-5189","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7500-5189"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Linda S. Siegel","raw_affiliation_strings":["Ontario Institute for Studies in Education, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ontario Institute for Studies in Education, Canada","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5091616688"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":3650,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3650},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.7278,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":214,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95048004,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":93,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"17","issue":"1","first_page":"109","last_page":"124"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10103","display_name":"Reading and Literacy Development","score":0.9204000234603882,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3204","display_name":"Developmental and Educational Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10103","display_name":"Reading and Literacy Development","score":0.9204000234603882,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3204","display_name":"Developmental and Educational Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11577","display_name":"Cognitive Abilities and Testing","score":0.07400000095367432,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14104","display_name":"Developmental and Educational Neuropsychology","score":0.0027000000700354576,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3206","display_name":"Neuropsychology and Physiological Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/working-memory","display_name":"working memory","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reading-development","display_name":"reading development","score":0.7649999856948853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/memory-span","display_name":"memory span","score":0.7850000262260437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/short-term-memory","display_name":"short-term memory","score":0.7860000133514404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reading-comprehension","display_name":"reading comprehension","score":0.6930000185966492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/word-recognition","display_name":"word recognition","score":0.8479999899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pseudoword-decoding","display_name":"pseudoword decoding","score":0.9739999771118164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reading-disabilities","display_name":"reading disorders","score":0.7049999833106995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/age-related-memory-decline","display_name":"age-related memory decline","score":0.8289999961853027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rehearsal-strategies","display_name":"rehearsal strategies","score":0.8240000009536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/verbal-memory","display_name":"verbal memory","score":0.5049999952316284}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.7545182704925537},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21963081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11337567","display_name":"Working memory","level":3,"score":0.6640232801437378},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180747234","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23373","display_name":"Cognitive psychology","level":1,"score":0.6235611438751221},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197268465","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q355122","display_name":"Memory span","level":4,"score":0.6155379414558411},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100660578","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18733","display_name":"Recall","level":2,"score":0.5425179600715637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C554936623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199657","display_name":"Reading (process)","level":2,"score":0.5417329668998718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C179226034","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18599","display_name":"Short-term memory","level":4,"score":0.5078621506690979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.5056912899017334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138496976","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175002","display_name":"Developmental psychology","level":1,"score":0.48843875527381897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780961231","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1369058","display_name":"Pseudoword","level":3,"score":0.48565852642059326},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C7149132","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1377840","display_name":"Forgetting","level":2,"score":0.467914879322052},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169900460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2200417","display_name":"Cognition","level":2,"score":0.35072600841522217},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.13903993368148804},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187736073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2920921","display_name":"Management","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1177/016502549401700107","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/016502549401700107","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/016502549401700107","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S51102485","display_name":"International Journal of Behavioral Development","issn_l":"0165-0254","issn":["0165-0254","1464-0651"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-c","erih-plus","jufo-2","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Behavioral Development","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"display_name":"Quality education","score":0.8899999856948853,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4"}],"study_designs":[{"display_name":"Observational Study","id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":68,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W420359475","https://openalex.org/W621524700","https://openalex.org/W621731181","https://openalex.org/W807349129","https://openalex.org/W1911640279","https://openalex.org/W1965743572","https://openalex.org/W1969984092","https://openalex.org/W1973217906","https://openalex.org/W1974391550","https://openalex.org/W1975697912","https://openalex.org/W1975721018","https://openalex.org/W1976663244","https://openalex.org/W1981243492","https://openalex.org/W1981550387","https://openalex.org/W1982537805","https://openalex.org/W1983946953","https://openalex.org/W1992351390","https://openalex.org/W1997606557","https://openalex.org/W2007034343","https://openalex.org/W2007378314","https://openalex.org/W2009954971","https://openalex.org/W2015592537","https://openalex.org/W2017324129","https://openalex.org/W2023124293","https://openalex.org/W2023584795","https://openalex.org/W2025348272","https://openalex.org/W2025642774","https://openalex.org/W2027320759","https://openalex.org/W2033875395","https://openalex.org/W2039349040","https://openalex.org/W2042410778","https://openalex.org/W2047117189","https://openalex.org/W2052318958","https://openalex.org/W2053168663","https://openalex.org/W2053293311","https://openalex.org/W2054027267","https://openalex.org/W2071109839","https://openalex.org/W2073327959","https://openalex.org/W2078049350","https://openalex.org/W2079406092","https://openalex.org/W2079716579","https://openalex.org/W2081410797","https://openalex.org/W2081845427","https://openalex.org/W2084955984","https://openalex.org/W2088527367","https://openalex.org/W2094160165","https://openalex.org/W2095297684","https://openalex.org/W2114506169","https://openalex.org/W2125087642","https://openalex.org/W2128091892","https://openalex.org/W2140891213","https://openalex.org/W2146803093","https://openalex.org/W2152796250","https://openalex.org/W2152872241","https://openalex.org/W2157705320","https://openalex.org/W2167774218","https://openalex.org/W2325304871","https://openalex.org/W2328120188","https://openalex.org/W2330456533","https://openalex.org/W2429166741","https://openalex.org/W2500750597","https://openalex.org/W2689835242","https://openalex.org/W2906081814","https://openalex.org/W4232472012","https://openalex.org/W4236031281","https://openalex.org/W4236397994","https://openalex.org/W4236888944","https://openalex.org/W4247208523"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2030271423","https://openalex.org/W2002659974","https://openalex.org/W7099698783","https://openalex.org/W7002373464","https://openalex.org/W4410587879","https://openalex.org/W2058349381","https://openalex.org/W1965212563","https://openalex.org/W192457279","https://openalex.org/W2058194408","https://openalex.org/W2169129964"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,63,90],"relationships":[1],"among":[2,101],"working":[3,29,76],"memory,":[4],"memory":[5,30,50,77,92,108,145,152],"span,":[6],"and":[7,41,47,84,110],"reading":[8,26,120,131,140],"skills":[9,78,141],"were":[10,18],"studied":[11],"in":[12,72,99,151],"1266":[13],"individuals,":[14],"aged":[15],"6-49.":[16],"They":[17],"administered":[19],"tests":[20],"of":[21,39,44,56,75,106,113,136,139,161],"word":[22],"recognition,":[23],"pseudoword":[24],"decoding,":[25],"comprehension,":[27],"a":[28,48,69,85,97,119],"(listening":[31],"span)":[32],"task":[33,51,93],"that":[34,52,66],"required":[35,53],"the":[36,42,54,73,114,137,158,162,167,176],"simultaneous":[37],"processing":[38,159],"syntax":[40],"recall":[43,55],"linguistic":[45],"information,":[46],"short-term":[49,91],"rhyming":[57],"or":[58],"nonrhyming":[59],"letters":[60],"presented":[61],"visually.":[62],"results":[64],"indicated":[65],"there":[67],"is":[68],"gradual":[70,86],"growth":[71],"development":[74,138],"from":[79],"ages":[80],"6":[81],"to":[82,143,154,157,169],"19":[83],"decline":[87,98],"after":[88],"adolescence.":[89],"did":[94],"not":[95],"show":[96],"performance":[100],"older":[102],"individuals.":[103],"On":[104],"both":[105],"these":[107],"tasks":[109],"at":[111,123],"most":[112],"age":[115],"levels,":[116],"individuals":[117,128],"with":[118,129],"disability":[121],"performed":[122],"significantly":[124],"lower":[125],"levels":[126],"than":[127],"normal":[130],"skills.":[132],"An":[133],"important":[134],"component":[135],"appears":[142],"be":[144,155],"for":[146],"verbal":[147],"information.":[148],"Age-related":[149],"declines":[150],"appear":[153],"related":[156],"demands":[160],"task,":[163],"which":[164,170],"may":[165],"affect":[166],"degree":[168],"rehearsal":[171],"strategies":[172],"are":[173],"possible":[174],"within":[175],"task.":[177]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":9}],"updated_date":"2026-10-14T16:39:01.820549","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
