{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2154362045","doi":null,"title":"The double-edged sword of COX-2 selective NSAIDs.","display_name":"The double-edged sword of COX-2 selective NSAIDs.","publication_year":2002,"publication_date":"2002-11-12","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2154362045","mag":"2154362045","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12427705","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/134294"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:275285","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/134294","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Text"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/134294","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101748204","display_name":"James M Wright","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1136-8145","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1136-8145"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I141945490","display_name":"University of British Columbia","ror":"https://ror.org/03rmrcq20","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141945490"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"James M Wright","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver Hospital, UBC site, Vancouver, BC. jmwright@interchange.ubc.ca"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver Hospital, UBC site, Vancouver, BC. jmwright@interchange.ubc.ca","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141945490"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5101748204"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141945490"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":7.1921,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":143,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9741592,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":93,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"167","issue":"10","first_page":"1131","last_page":"7"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10678","display_name":"Inflammatory mediators and NSAID effects","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2736","display_name":"Pharmacology (medical)"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10678","display_name":"Inflammatory mediators and NSAID effects","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2736","display_name":"Pharmacology (medical)"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11943","display_name":"Pharmacovigilance and Adverse Drug Reactions","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3005","display_name":"Toxicology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/30","display_name":"Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10200","display_name":"Rheumatoid Arthritis Research and Therapies","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2745","display_name":"Rheumatology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cox-2-selective-nsaids","display_name":"COX-2 selective NSAIDs","score":0.9919999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rofecoxib","display_name":"rofecoxib","score":0.8880000114440918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/celecoxib","display_name":"celecoxib","score":0.9950000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/non-selective-nsaids","display_name":"non-selective NSAIDs","score":0.902999997138977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gastrointestinal-side-effects","display_name":"gastrointestinal adverse effects","score":0.8289999961853027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/serious-adverse-events","display_name":"serious adverse events","score":0.8830000162124634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/class-trial","display_name":"CLASS trial","score":0.6240000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vigor-trial","display_name":"VIGOR trial","score":0.9959999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/drug-safety","display_name":"drug safety","score":0.6690000295639038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/arthritis-treatment","display_name":"arthritis treatment","score":0.4429999887943268}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778582115","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q411412","display_name":"Rofecoxib","level":4,"score":0.9094368815422058},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776467144","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q408801","display_name":"Celecoxib","level":2,"score":0.9049221277236938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.9001149535179138},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197934379","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2047938","display_name":"Adverse effect","level":2,"score":0.8164719343185425},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61511704","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1671857","display_name":"Incidence (geometry)","level":2,"score":0.5692646503448486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.5018637180328369},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779689624","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q410251","display_name":"Cyclooxygenase","level":3,"score":0.4437597990036011},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777031258","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q377458","display_name":"COX-2 inhibitor","level":4,"score":0.4314122498035431},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98274493","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128406","display_name":"Pharmacology","level":1,"score":0.4142988920211792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C181199279","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8047","display_name":"Enzyme","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000068579","descriptor_name":"Celecoxib","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000894","descriptor_name":"Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal","qualifier_ui":"Q000009","qualifier_name":"adverse effects","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000894","descriptor_name":"Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal","qualifier_ui":"Q000627","qualifier_name":"therapeutic use","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002986","descriptor_name":"Clinical Trials as Topic","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004008","descriptor_name":"Diclofenac","qualifier_ui":"Q000009","qualifier_name":"adverse effects","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004008","descriptor_name":"Diclofenac","qualifier_ui":"Q000627","qualifier_name":"therapeutic use","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005767","descriptor_name":"Gastrointestinal Diseases","qualifier_ui":"Q000139","qualifier_name":"chemically induced","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011720","descriptor_name":"Pyrazoles","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013449","descriptor_name":"Sulfonamides","qualifier_ui":"Q000009","qualifier_name":"adverse effects","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013449","descriptor_name":"Sulfonamides","qualifier_ui":"Q000627","qualifier_name":"therapeutic use","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016861","descriptor_name":"Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors","qualifier_ui":"Q000009","qualifier_name":"adverse effects","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016861","descriptor_name":"Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors","qualifier_ui":"Q000627","qualifier_name":"therapeutic use","is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:275285","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/134294","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:134294","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/134294","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"CMAJ","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmid:12427705","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12427705","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"CMAJ : Canadian Medical Association journal = journal de l'Association medicale canadienne","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"mag:2154362045","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12427705","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"PubMed","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:275285","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/134294","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.9907000064849854,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":41,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W75297534","https://openalex.org/W97893626","https://openalex.org/W165356651","https://openalex.org/W651151937","https://openalex.org/W1480729244","https://openalex.org/W1486263930","https://openalex.org/W1539392991","https://openalex.org/W1597379943","https://openalex.org/W1644577377","https://openalex.org/W1748665159","https://openalex.org/W1977473142","https://openalex.org/W1981828273","https://openalex.org/W1983104516","https://openalex.org/W1983370454","https://openalex.org/W1993398606","https://openalex.org/W1998213501","https://openalex.org/W2001162433","https://openalex.org/W2018716226","https://openalex.org/W2020563114","https://openalex.org/W2024233889","https://openalex.org/W2024352468","https://openalex.org/W2024719656","https://openalex.org/W2028772712","https://openalex.org/W2034468337","https://openalex.org/W2038410983","https://openalex.org/W2039149640","https://openalex.org/W2063190337","https://openalex.org/W2063841251","https://openalex.org/W2087771673","https://openalex.org/W2115679325","https://openalex.org/W2118794261","https://openalex.org/W2125003309","https://openalex.org/W2138974113","https://openalex.org/W2145816148","https://openalex.org/W2160703991","https://openalex.org/W2163756514","https://openalex.org/W2164878356","https://openalex.org/W2330496155","https://openalex.org/W2399696221","https://openalex.org/W2414786594","https://openalex.org/W2519935593"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7095798536","https://openalex.org/W2102307364","https://openalex.org/W203296428","https://openalex.org/W191759327","https://openalex.org/W7095168900","https://openalex.org/W2064732672","https://openalex.org/W2314543890","https://openalex.org/W2031340028","https://openalex.org/W1969583199","https://openalex.org/W6942111249"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,65,105],"launch":[1],"of":[2,21,46,50,68,118,122,130,149,184],"the":[3,14,19,44,47,76,86,94,110,119,127,135,139,146,150,182],"cyclooxygenase-2":[4],"(COX-2)":[5],"selective":[6,31,78,112,162],"NSAIDs":[7,23,32,79,113,163,172],"was":[8,142],"based":[9],"on":[10,153],"2":[11],"hypotheses:":[12],"(1)":[13],"major":[15,103],"adverse":[16,38,73,178,188],"effects":[17,39],"limiting":[18],"usefulness":[20],"nonselective":[22,41,83,171],"are":[24,33,167],"gastrointestinal":[25,37,176],"in":[26,59,85,134,155],"nature":[27],"and":[28,70,93,124,173],"(2)":[29],"COX-2":[30,77,111,120,147,161],"associated":[34,108],"with":[35,75,82,109],"fewer":[36,175],"than":[40],"NSAIDs.":[42],"At":[43],"time":[45],"launch,":[48],"neither":[49],"these":[51,131],"hypotheses":[52],"had":[53],"been":[54],"proven":[55],"and,":[56],"as":[57,80,168,170],"documented":[58],"this":[60],"review,":[61],"both":[62],"remain":[63],"uncertain.":[64],"increased":[66,106,140],"incidence":[67,183],"total":[69,185],"nongastrointestinal":[71,186],"serious":[72,177,187],"events,":[74],"compared":[81],"NSAIDs,":[84],"Celecoxib":[87],"Long-term":[88],"Arthritis":[89],"Safety":[90],"Study":[91],"(CLASS)":[92],"Vioxx":[95],"Gastrointestinal":[96],"Outcomes":[97],"Research":[98],"(VIGOR)":[99],"study":[100],"remains":[101],"a":[102,116,156],"concern.":[104],"morbidity":[107],"may":[114],"be":[115],"manifestation":[117],"selectivity":[121,148],"rofecoxib":[123],"celecoxib":[125],"or":[126],"supramaximal":[128],"doses":[129,166],"drugs":[132,151],"used":[133],"trials.":[136],"Proof":[137],"that":[138,160],"harm":[141],"not":[143],"caused":[144],"by":[145],"depends":[152],"demonstration":[154],"randomized":[157],"controlled":[158],"trial":[159],"at":[164],"usual":[165],"effective":[169],"cause":[174],"events":[179],"without":[180],"increasing":[181],"events.":[189]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
