{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2153666052","doi":null,"title":"Evaluating the Effectiveness of Explicit and Implicit Form-Focused Instruction on Explicit and Implicit Knowledge of EFL Learners","display_name":"Evaluating the Effectiveness of Explicit and Implicit Form-Focused Instruction on Explicit and Implicit Knowledge of EFL Learners","publication_year":2012,"publication_date":"2012-06-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2153666052","mag":"2153666052"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:2611817fff85481eb7b52c27b8c1fd13","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/2611817fff85481eb7b52c27b8c1fd13","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Issues in Language Teaching, Vol 1, Iss 1, Pp 58-92 (2012)","raw_type":"article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://doaj.org/article/2611817fff85481eb7b52c27b8c1fd13","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"majid Ghorbani","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"majid Ghorbani","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005582742","display_name":"Mahmood Reza Atai","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0656-212X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0656-212X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1516879","display_name":"Tarbiat Modares University","ror":"https://ror.org/03mwgfy56","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1516879"]}],"countries":["IR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"mahmood reza atai","raw_affiliation_strings":["Tarbiat Modares University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tarbiat Modares University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1516879"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":93},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10021","display_name":"EFL/ESL Teaching and Learning","score":0.9814000129699707,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1203","display_name":"Language and Linguistics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10021","display_name":"EFL/ESL Teaching and Learning","score":0.9814000129699707,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1203","display_name":"Language and Linguistics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11587","display_name":"Second Language Acquisition and Learning","score":0.015699999406933784,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3204","display_name":"Developmental and Educational Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13538","display_name":"Linguistics and Language Analysis","score":0.0007999999797903001,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1203","display_name":"Language and Linguistics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/focus-on-form","display_name":"form-focused instruction","score":0.972000002861023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/explicit-instruction","display_name":"explicit instruction","score":0.8730000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/implicit-instruction","display_name":"implicit instruction","score":0.9919999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/explicit-knowledge","display_name":"explicit knowledge","score":0.8130000233650208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tacit-knowledge","display_name":"tacit knowledge","score":0.9959999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/morphosyntactic-features","display_name":"morphosyntactic features","score":0.8790000081062317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/efl-learners","display_name":"EFL learners","score":0.7689999938011169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/grammaticality-judgment","display_name":"grammaticality judgment","score":0.878000020980835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/metalinguistic-knowledge","display_name":"metalinguistic knowledge","score":0.828000009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/elicited-imitation","display_name":"elicited imitation","score":0.7590000033378601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/second-language-acquisition","display_name":"second language acquisition","score":0.7639999985694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/iranian-learners","display_name":"Iranian learners","score":0.43799999356269836}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779525943","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1187300","display_name":"Grammaticality","level":3,"score":0.9161998629570007},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56814567","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1323686","display_name":"Explicit knowledge","level":2,"score":0.862143874168396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2986065213","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q743861","display_name":"Implicit knowledge","level":2,"score":0.7869436144828796},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777379011","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q938545","display_name":"Implicit learning","level":3,"score":0.6495466828346252},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.5465998649597168},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C170350167","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1455178","display_name":"Second-language acquisition","level":2,"score":0.5212910175323486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779305910","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5172809","display_name":"Corrective feedback","level":2,"score":0.5124099850654602},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126388530","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1131737","display_name":"Imitation","level":2,"score":0.4493098258972168},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124469403","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1813993","display_name":"Procedural knowledge","level":3,"score":0.4408060908317566},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180747234","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23373","display_name":"Cognitive psychology","level":1,"score":0.43291518092155457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.3125976324081421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.2778794467449188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145420912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q853077","display_name":"Mathematics education","level":1,"score":0.255717933177948},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26022165","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8091","display_name":"Grammar","level":2,"score":0.20373815298080444},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169900460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2200417","display_name":"Cognition","level":2,"score":0.1456018090248108},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207685749","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2088941","display_name":"Domain knowledge","level":2,"score":0.1420530080795288},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188147891","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q147638","display_name":"Cognitive science","level":1,"score":0.12827855348587036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.12826132774353027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.10559064149856567},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:2611817fff85481eb7b52c27b8c1fd13","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/2611817fff85481eb7b52c27b8c1fd13","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Issues in Language Teaching, Vol 1, Iss 1, Pp 58-92 (2012)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:2611817fff85481eb7b52c27b8c1fd13","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/2611817fff85481eb7b52c27b8c1fd13","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Issues in Language Teaching, Vol 1, Iss 1, Pp 58-92 (2012)","raw_type":"article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Quality education","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","score":0.8747000098228455}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":40,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W181860659","https://openalex.org/W1495558308","https://openalex.org/W1508169795","https://openalex.org/W1521494326","https://openalex.org/W1550659230","https://openalex.org/W1574866806","https://openalex.org/W1577061495","https://openalex.org/W1578333640","https://openalex.org/W1593288720","https://openalex.org/W1725627099","https://openalex.org/W1824513743","https://openalex.org/W1963805745","https://openalex.org/W1967025532","https://openalex.org/W1974817072","https://openalex.org/W1980240171","https://openalex.org/W2006181802","https://openalex.org/W2011077657","https://openalex.org/W2023808813","https://openalex.org/W2041257713","https://openalex.org/W2049319319","https://openalex.org/W2058429249","https://openalex.org/W2084884842","https://openalex.org/W2091720885","https://openalex.org/W2100940719","https://openalex.org/W2102915291","https://openalex.org/W2107031757","https://openalex.org/W2114612264","https://openalex.org/W2125113055","https://openalex.org/W2127041292","https://openalex.org/W2134579550","https://openalex.org/W2144792095","https://openalex.org/W2147256280","https://openalex.org/W2152484973","https://openalex.org/W2155071014","https://openalex.org/W2156900568","https://openalex.org/W2466612201","https://openalex.org/W2770403786","https://openalex.org/W2802442287","https://openalex.org/W3147129674","https://openalex.org/W4409050372"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2793042370","https://openalex.org/W2883005820","https://openalex.org/W2560675149","https://openalex.org/W1582868693","https://openalex.org/W9533684","https://openalex.org/W2946199276","https://openalex.org/W2381553265","https://openalex.org/W2114638249","https://openalex.org/W4284697380","https://openalex.org/W4391375588"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Although":[0],"explicit":[1,43,62,114,123,143,155,170],"and":[2,12,44,63,74,78,84,90,115,124,156,171,179],"implicit":[3,45,64,116,125,149,157,172],"knowledge":[4,32,80,126,158],"of":[5,26,42,47,54,61,99,122,127,166,169,183,190],"language":[6,17,65,111],"learners":[7,105],"are":[8],"essential":[9],"to":[10,164],"theoretical":[11],"pedagogical":[13],"debates":[14],"in":[15],"second":[16],"acquisition":[18,53],"(SLA),":[19],"little":[20],"research":[21],"has":[22],"addressed":[23],"the":[24,30,39,52,94,109,120,128,134,167],"effects":[25,98],"instructional":[27,95,135],"interventions":[28,136],"on":[29,51,101,174],"two":[31,85],"types":[33,46],"(R.":[34],"Ellis,":[35],"2005).This":[36],"study":[37],"examined":[38],"relative":[40],"effectiveness":[41],"form-focused":[48],"instruction":[49],"(FFI)":[50],"four":[55,59],"morphosyntactic":[56,184],"features":[57],"by":[58,153],"measures":[60,68],"knowledge.":[66],"The":[67,160],"included:":[69],"oral":[70],"elicited":[71],"imitation,":[72],"timed":[73],"untimed":[75],"grammaticality":[76],"judgment,":[77],"metalinguistic":[79],"tests.":[81,159],"A":[82],"pretest":[83],"posttests":[86],"were":[87,106],"conducted":[88],"immediately":[89,132],"three":[91],"weeks":[92],"after":[93,133],"interventions.":[96],"Durable":[97],"FFI":[100,117,144,150,173],"low":[102],"intermediate":[103],"Iranian":[104],"found":[107],"for":[108],"target":[110,129],"forms.In":[112],"particular,":[113],"positively":[118],"facilitated":[119],"development":[121],"features,":[130],"both":[131,154],"and,":[137],"marginally":[138],"decreasing,":[139],"over":[140],"time.":[141],"Also,":[142],"was":[145],"more":[146],"effective":[147],"than":[148],"as":[151],"measured":[152],"findings":[161],"may":[162],"contribute":[163],"understanding":[165],"efficacy":[168],"L2":[175,191],"learners\u2019":[176],"controlled":[177],"(explicit)":[178],"spontaneous":[180],"(implicit)":[181],"use":[182],"forms":[185],"at":[186],"relatively":[187],"early":[188],"stages":[189],"acquisition.":[192]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-09-29T14:09:16.559479","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
