{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2153648976","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1287/serv.2.1_2.92","title":"Service Systems and Requisite Variety","display_name":"Service Systems and Requisite Variety","publication_year":2010,"publication_date":"2010-06-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2153648976","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1287/serv.2.1_2.92","mag":"2153648976"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1287/serv.2.1_2.92","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1287/serv.2.1_2.92","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1287/serv.2.1_2.92","pdf_url":"https://pubsonline.informs.org/doi/pdf/10.1287/serv.2.1_2.92","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764807039","display_name":"Service Science","issn_l":"2164-3962","issn":["2164-3962","2164-3970"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-b","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315699","host_organization_name":"Institute for Operations Research and the Management Sciences","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315699"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute for Operations Research and the Management Sciences"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Service Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://pubsonline.informs.org/doi/pdf/10.1287/serv.2.1_2.92","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086823321","display_name":"Phil Godsiff","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I23923803","display_name":"University of Exeter","ror":"https://ror.org/03yghzc09","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I23923803"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Phil Godsiff","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute for Service Research, Exeter University Business School, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Service Research, Exeter University Business School, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I23923803"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5086823321"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I23923803"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":5.7543,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":29,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95670933,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"2","issue":"1-2","first_page":"92","last_page":"101"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11810","display_name":"Complex Systems and Decision Making","score":0.5425000190734863,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11810","display_name":"Complex Systems and Decision Making","score":0.5425000190734863,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11114","display_name":"Service and Product Innovation","score":0.4041000008583069,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1406","display_name":"Marketing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12000","display_name":"Systems Engineering Methodologies and Applications","score":0.011500000022351742,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/law-of-requisite-variety","display_name":"law of requisite variety","score":0.8259999752044678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/service-systems","display_name":"service systems","score":0.972000002861023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/systems-theory","display_name":"systems theory","score":0.7049999833106995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/service-classification","display_name":"service classification","score":0.6549999713897705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/organisational-viability","display_name":"organisational viability","score":0.753000020980835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ashby","display_name":"Ashby","score":0.3799999952316284}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136197465","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1729295","display_name":"Variety (cybernetics)","level":2,"score":0.8722192049026489},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.5869377255439758},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780378061","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25351891","display_name":"Service (business)","level":2,"score":0.5832204818725586},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5768071413040161},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15587899","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7455812","display_name":"Service system","level":3,"score":0.5537996292114258},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61063171","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q532781","display_name":"Service design","level":4,"score":0.5264718532562256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56739046","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192060","display_name":"Knowledge management","level":1,"score":0.4681793749332428},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C27177047","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q269699","display_name":"Systems thinking","level":2,"score":0.4677180349826813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C539667460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2414942","display_name":"Management science","level":1,"score":0.45275425910949707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776950860","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2914681","display_name":"Originality","level":3,"score":0.4263990521430969},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C164802487","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q624501","display_name":"Viable system model","level":3,"score":0.4221121370792389},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63108463","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q581233","display_name":"Complex adaptive system","level":2,"score":0.41058456897735596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195094911","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14167904","display_name":"Process management","level":1,"score":0.3340970277786255},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116537","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2169973","display_name":"Service provider","level":3,"score":0.2310657799243927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.2238921821117401},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.19759362936019897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.16204199194908142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115286129","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q123637","display_name":"Cybernetics","level":2,"score":0.16040676832199097},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162853370","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39809","display_name":"Marketing","level":1,"score":0.1593562364578247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.15562322735786438},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190248442","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q839486","display_name":"Qualitative research","level":2,"score":0.09146460890769958},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36289849","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34749","display_name":"Social science","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1287/serv.2.1_2.92","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1287/serv.2.1_2.92","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1287/serv.2.1_2.92","pdf_url":"https://pubsonline.informs.org/doi/pdf/10.1287/serv.2.1_2.92","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764807039","display_name":"Service Science","issn_l":"2164-3962","issn":["2164-3962","2164-3970"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-b","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315699","host_organization_name":"Institute for Operations Research and the Management Sciences","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315699"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute for Operations Research and the Management Sciences"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Service Science","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1287/serv.2.1_2.92","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1287/serv.2.1_2.92","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1287/serv.2.1_2.92","pdf_url":"https://pubsonline.informs.org/doi/pdf/10.1287/serv.2.1_2.92","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764807039","display_name":"Service Science","issn_l":"2164-3962","issn":["2164-3962","2164-3970"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-b","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315699","host_organization_name":"Institute for Operations Research and the Management Sciences","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315699"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute for Operations Research and the Management Sciences"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Service Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2153648976.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":24,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W52145170","https://openalex.org/W107548767","https://openalex.org/W645399340","https://openalex.org/W1567853885","https://openalex.org/W1928067646","https://openalex.org/W1977083732","https://openalex.org/W1981504995","https://openalex.org/W1996903902","https://openalex.org/W1998742137","https://openalex.org/W2025177555","https://openalex.org/W2035546400","https://openalex.org/W2077617176","https://openalex.org/W2084486980","https://openalex.org/W2096010043","https://openalex.org/W2098519404","https://openalex.org/W2107928912","https://openalex.org/W2126840412","https://openalex.org/W2130140422","https://openalex.org/W2133797500","https://openalex.org/W2135526934","https://openalex.org/W2161543746","https://openalex.org/W2324540838","https://openalex.org/W2491811284","https://openalex.org/W4285719527"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2184927652","https://openalex.org/W1964181393","https://openalex.org/W2124525489","https://openalex.org/W4285274110","https://openalex.org/W1978638172","https://openalex.org/W2470234441","https://openalex.org/W1993824387","https://openalex.org/W2795982038","https://openalex.org/W2103783842","https://openalex.org/W110180932"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Purpose:":[0],"This":[1,133],"conceptual":[2],"paper":[3,134],"will":[4],"explore":[5,137,179],"the":[6,14,46,57,63,67,71,79,87,95,99,108,155,169,181],"application":[7],"of":[8,11,16,26,59,81,110,171],"an":[9,131],"aspect":[10],"systems":[12,44,149,157,172],"theory,":[13],"Law":[15],"Requisite":[17],"Variety":[18],"(LRV)":[19],"to":[20,39,42,92,104,115,136,178,206],"service":[21,43,122,143,148,164,175],"organisations.":[22],"Design/methodology/approach:":[23],"The":[24,73,83],"notion":[25],"a":[27,30,128,142],"system":[28],"has":[29],"strong":[31],"history":[32],"in":[33,35,102,141,163,174,186],"management;":[34],"searching":[36],"for":[37,121],"theory":[38,53],"provide":[40,49],"substance":[41],"research":[45],"concept":[47],"can":[48],"valuable":[50],"insights.":[51],"Systems":[52],"and":[54,113,130,138,159,177],"thinking":[55,173],"is":[56,65,119,151],"study":[58],"complex":[60],"adaptive":[61],"wholes;":[62],"focus":[64],"on":[66,154,160],"whole":[68],"rather":[69],"than":[70],"parts.":[72],"LRV,":[74,156],"introduced":[75,97],"by":[76,98,199],"Ashby,":[77],"concerns":[78],"behaviour":[80],"systems.":[82],"LRV":[84,182],"states":[85],"that":[86],"organisation":[88],"must":[89],"be":[90,184],"able":[91],"deal":[93,116],"with":[94,117],"variety":[96,112,125,140],"external":[100],"environment,":[101],"order":[103],"remain":[105],"viable.":[106],"Understanding":[107],"nature":[109],"customer":[111],"how":[114,180],"it":[118],"important":[120],"organisations":[123],"since":[124],"provides":[126],"both":[127],"challenge":[129],"opportunity.":[132],"seeks":[135],"operationalise":[139],"context.":[144,188],"Findings:":[145],"A":[146],"new":[147],"model":[150],"proposed":[152],"building":[153],"concepts":[158],"current":[161],"developments":[162],"classification.":[165],"Originality/value:":[166],"To":[167],"further":[168],"use":[170],"science":[176],"could":[183],"applied":[185],"this":[187],"[Service":[189],"Science,":[190],"ISSN":[191,194],"2164-3962":[192],"(print),":[193],"2164-3970":[195],"(online),":[196],"was":[197],"published":[198],"Services":[200],"Science":[201],"Global":[202],"(SSG)":[203],"from":[204],"2009":[205],"2011":[207],"as":[208],"issues":[209],"under":[210],"ISBN":[211],"978-1-4276-2090-3.]":[212]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
