{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2153472573","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/000992289203101206","title":"Human Growth Hormone: A New Substance Of Abuse Among Adolescents?","display_name":"Human Growth Hormone: A New Substance Of Abuse Among Adolescents?","publication_year":1992,"publication_date":"1992-12-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2153472573","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/000992289203101206","mag":"2153472573","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1451380"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1177/000992289203101206","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/000992289203101206","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/000992289203101206","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S29434542","display_name":"Clinical Pediatrics","issn_l":"0009-9228","issn":["0009-9228","1938-2707"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-c","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Clinical Pediatrics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080491699","display_name":"Vaughn I. Rickert","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79620101","display_name":"University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/00xcryt71","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79620101"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Vaughn I. Rickert","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, 800 Marshall Street, Little Rock, AR 72202"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, 800 Marshall Street, Little Rock, AR 72202","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79620101"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074114828","display_name":"Claire Pawlak-Morello","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1304196042","display_name":"Loyola University Medical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/05xcyt367","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1304196042","https://openalex.org/I1304269903"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Claire Pawlak-Morello","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Pediatrics, Loyola University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Pediatrics, Loyola University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1304196042"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084189922","display_name":"Vicki Sheppard","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1304196042","display_name":"Loyola University Medical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/05xcyt367","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1304196042","https://openalex.org/I1304269903"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Vicki Sheppard","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Pediatrics, Loyola University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Pediatrics, Loyola University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1304196042"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111752912","display_name":"M. Susan Jay","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-7119-0948","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0003-7119-0948"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1304196042","display_name":"Loyola University Medical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/05xcyt367","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1304196042","https://openalex.org/I1304269903"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"M. Susan Jay","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Pediatrics, Loyola University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Pediatrics, Loyola University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1304196042"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":4150,"currency":"USD","value_usd":4150},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.3904,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":95,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.94311203,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":87,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"31","issue":"12","first_page":"723","last_page":"726"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12700","display_name":"Doping in Sports","score":0.9707000255584717,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12700","display_name":"Doping in Sports","score":0.9707000255584717,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10748","display_name":"Growth Hormone and Insulin-like Growth Factors","score":0.01940000057220459,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2712","display_name":"Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13338","display_name":"Pharmacological Effects and Assays","score":0.0032999999821186066,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1103","display_name":"Animal Science and Zoology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human-growth-hormone","display_name":"human growth hormone","score":0.9890000224113464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/substance-abuse","display_name":"substance abuse","score":0.6470000147819519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adolescents","display_name":"adolescents","score":0.9509999752044678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/anabolic-androgenic-steroids","display_name":"anabolic steroids","score":0.9229999780654907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/doping-in-sport","display_name":"doping in sport","score":0.6010000109672546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/secondary-school-students","display_name":"high school students","score":0.7160000205039978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reasons-for-drug-use","display_name":"causes of drug use","score":0.722000002861023}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.8195872902870178},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781054738","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4813730","display_name":"Athletes","level":2,"score":0.6750543713569641},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137403100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41710","display_name":"Ethnic group","level":2,"score":0.637500524520874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908663871","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q309438","display_name":"Anabolic-Androgenic Steroids","level":3,"score":0.5162265300750732},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2991912374","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q400711","display_name":"Substance use","level":2,"score":0.4777319133281708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C526869908","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3298118","display_name":"Suicide prevention","level":3,"score":0.46915045380592346},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2984496839","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q29956617","display_name":"Growth hormone","level":3,"score":0.4605725109577179},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40010229","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3184856","display_name":"Substance abuse","level":2,"score":0.4509803056716919},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2994100043","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q29956617","display_name":"Human growth hormone","level":4,"score":0.4321640133857727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190385971","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q373494","display_name":"Injury prevention","level":3,"score":0.4319094121456146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3017944768","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1450463","display_name":"Poison control","level":2,"score":0.40290457010269165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149923435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37732","display_name":"Demography","level":1,"score":0.3879208266735077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1008401","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q184681","display_name":"Anabolism","level":2,"score":0.3809638023376465},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C512399662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3505712","display_name":"Family medicine","level":1,"score":0.32216811180114746},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118552586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7867","display_name":"Psychiatry","level":1,"score":0.3120189905166626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71315377","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11364","display_name":"Hormone","level":2,"score":0.24216032028198242},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.21539217233657837},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1862650","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q186005","display_name":"Physical therapy","level":1,"score":0.10210883617401123},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C545542383","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2751242","display_name":"Medical emergency","level":1,"score":0.09365320205688477},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19165224","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23404","display_name":"Anthropology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000293","descriptor_name":"Adolescent","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002641","descriptor_name":"Chicago","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004300","descriptor_name":"Doping in Sports","qualifier_ui":"Q000706","qualifier_name":"statistics & numerical data","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007722","descriptor_name":"Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012307","descriptor_name":"Risk Factors","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012574","descriptor_name":"Schools","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013006","descriptor_name":"Growth Hormone","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D013383","descriptor_name":"Suburban Population","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015995","descriptor_name":"Prevalence","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D045930","descriptor_name":"Anabolic Agents","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1177/000992289203101206","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/000992289203101206","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/000992289203101206","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S29434542","display_name":"Clinical Pediatrics","issn_l":"0009-9228","issn":["0009-9228","1938-2707"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-c","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Clinical Pediatrics","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:1451380","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1451380","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Clinical pediatrics","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.1016.800","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.1016.800","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://cpj.sagepub.com/content/31/12/723.full.pdf","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.98580002784729}],"study_designs":[{"display_name":"Observational Study","id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":12,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1532117507","https://openalex.org/W1977001452","https://openalex.org/W1994218013","https://openalex.org/W2033782141","https://openalex.org/W2040372870","https://openalex.org/W2053192941","https://openalex.org/W2073809811","https://openalex.org/W2091611893","https://openalex.org/W2413923641","https://openalex.org/W2418626177","https://openalex.org/W4206354315","https://openalex.org/W4253449953"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W633918625","https://openalex.org/W2091611893","https://openalex.org/W4206354315","https://openalex.org/W2008086407","https://openalex.org/W2083983254","https://openalex.org/W2027012401","https://openalex.org/W2034891134","https://openalex.org/W2397930459","https://openalex.org/W2033782141","https://openalex.org/W2053192941"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"It":[0],"has":[1],"been":[2],"estimated":[3],"that":[4,19,116],"as":[5,7],"many":[6],"250,000":[8],"adolescents":[9,42,119],"are":[10],"using":[11,24,57,88,137],"anabolic":[12],"steroids":[13],"(AS).":[14],"Recently,":[15],"anecdotal":[16],"reports":[17],"suggest":[18,115],"athletes":[20],"may":[21],"also":[22],"be":[23],"human":[25],"growth":[26],"hormone":[27],"(HGH).":[28],"The":[29],"purpose":[30],"of":[31,61,105,125,130,159,166,179,195],"the":[32,38],"present":[33,103,157],"study":[34],"was":[35,136],"to":[36],"determine":[37],"following:":[39],"1)":[40],"if":[41],"in":[43,183],"two":[44],"suburban":[45],"midwestern":[46],"high":[47],"schools":[48],"(83%":[49],"white,":[50],"14%":[51],"Asian,":[52],"and":[53,68,81,107,128,147,170,176,193],"3%":[54],"black)":[55],"were":[56,86,164,189],"HGH;":[58],"2)":[59],"knowledge":[60],"its":[62,167],"effects;":[63],"3)":[64],"reasons":[65],"for":[66],"use;":[67],"4)":[69],"concurrent":[70],"AS":[71,146,152],"use.":[72,112],"After":[73],"we":[74],"obtained":[75],"informed":[76],"written":[77],"consent,":[78],"224":[79],"male":[80,93,118],"208":[82],"female":[83,109],"10th-grade":[84],"students":[85,94],"surveyed":[87],"a":[89,121,142],"15-item":[90],"questionnaire.":[91],"Of":[92],"surveyed,":[95,120],"5%":[96],"(n":[97],"=":[98],"11)":[99],"reported":[100,111,132,154,171],"past":[101,155],"or":[102,156,187],"use":[104,149,158,173],"HGH,":[106],"one":[108],"student":[110],"Our":[113],"data":[114],"among":[117],"majority":[122],"had":[123],"heard":[124],"this":[126],"substance,":[127],"31%":[129],"males":[131],"knowing":[133],"someone":[134],"who":[135],"HGH.":[138,160,196],"Chi-square":[139],"analysis":[140],"found":[141,190],"significant":[143],"association":[144],"between":[145,174,191],"HGH":[148,162],"where":[150],"seven":[151],"users":[153,163,192],"Most":[161],"unaware":[165],"side":[168],"effects":[169],"first":[172],"14":[175],"15":[177],"years":[178],"age.":[180],"No":[181],"differences":[182],"sports":[184],"activity,":[185],"ethnicity,":[186],"age":[188],"nonusers":[194]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-11-03T10:50:19.383937","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
