{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2153283263","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/fld.1922","title":"Robust design and numerical simulation on drag reduction by a mixture film for liquid turbulence in a channel","display_name":"Robust design and numerical simulation on drag reduction by a mixture film for liquid turbulence in a channel","publication_year":2008,"publication_date":"2008-09-24","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2153283263","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/fld.1922","mag":"2153283263"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1002/fld.1922","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/fld.1922","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/fld.1922","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S155225502","display_name":"International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids","issn_l":"0271-2091","issn":["0271-2091","1097-0363"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-b","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids","raw_type":"journal-article"},"parent_works":[],"lineage":["https://openalex.org/W2153283263"],"child_works_count":0,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102213370","display_name":"Shengju Wu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-3922-2425","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0004-3922-2425"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210094862","display_name":"National Defense University","ror":"https://ror.org/00hkj1v53","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210094862"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Sheng\u2010Ju Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Power Vehicle and Systems Engineering, Chung Cheng Institute of Technology, National Defense University, Taoyuan, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Power Vehicle and Systems Engineering, Chung Cheng Institute of Technology, National Defense University, Taoyuan, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210094862"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110493174","display_name":"Kwan Ouyang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5692-4665","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5692-4665"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210094862","display_name":"National Defense University","ror":"https://ror.org/00hkj1v53","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210094862"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kwan Ouyang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Graduate School of Defense Science, Chung Cheng Institute of Technology, National Defense University, Taoyuan, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Graduate School of Defense Science, Chung Cheng Institute of Technology, National Defense University, Taoyuan, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210094862"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040881400","display_name":"Sheau\u2010Wen Shiah","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210094862","display_name":"National Defense University","ror":"https://ror.org/00hkj1v53","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210094862"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sheau\u2010Wen Shiah","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Power Vehicle and Systems Engineering, Chung Cheng Institute of Technology, National Defense University, Taoyuan, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Power Vehicle and Systems Engineering, Chung Cheng Institute of Technology, National Defense University, Taoyuan, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210094862"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5102213370"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210094862"],"apc_list":{"value":4220,"currency":"USD","value_usd":4220},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":93},"biblio":{"volume":"60","issue":"10","first_page":"1079","last_page":"1102"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10360","display_name":"Fluid Dynamics and Turbulent Flows","score":0.6747999787330627,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2206","display_name":"Computational Mechanics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10360","display_name":"Fluid Dynamics and Turbulent Flows","score":0.6747999787330627,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2206","display_name":"Computational Mechanics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11604","display_name":"Ship Hydrodynamics and Maneuverability","score":0.21400000154972076,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2212","display_name":"Ocean Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11382","display_name":"Fluid Dynamics and Heat Transfer","score":0.01510000042617321,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2206","display_name":"Computational Mechanics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/drag-reduction","display_name":"drag reduction","score":0.9670000076293945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/air-bubbles","display_name":"air bubbles","score":0.5379999876022339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/turbulent-channel-flow","display_name":"turbulent channel flow","score":0.9929999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/skin-friction","display_name":"skin friction","score":0.7670000195503235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ship-speed-reduction","display_name":"ship speed reduction","score":0.48100000619888306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/taguchi-orthogonal-array","display_name":"Taguchi orthogonal array","score":0.7609999775886536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robust-design","display_name":"robust design","score":0.8169999718666077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/air-injection-rate","display_name":"air injection rate","score":0.8330000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bubble-size","display_name":"bubble size","score":0.9900000095367432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wall-shear-stress","display_name":"wall shear stress","score":0.7940000295639038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/analysis-of-variance","display_name":"analysis of variance","score":0.6830000281333923}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C72921944","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q206621","display_name":"Drag","level":2,"score":0.905879020690918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C196558001","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190132","display_name":"Turbulence","level":2,"score":0.6778151988983154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57879066","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41217","display_name":"Mechanics","level":1,"score":0.6354502439498901},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C72117827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1778961","display_name":"Drag coefficient","level":3,"score":0.59682697057724},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111335779","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3454686","display_name":"Reduction (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.5119568109512329},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C16201104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2488092","display_name":"Parasitic drag","level":3,"score":0.457559198141098},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145244895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q206621","display_name":"Aerodynamic drag","level":3,"score":0.44779419898986816},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120338312","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5304818","display_name":"Drag divergence Mach number","level":4,"score":0.44320690631866455},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1633027","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q815820","display_name":"Computational fluid dynamics","level":2,"score":0.432238906621933},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21141959","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q657936","display_name":"Shear stress","level":2,"score":0.42848747968673706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.34117981791496277},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44154836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45045","display_name":"Simulation","level":1,"score":0.32331398129463196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.2846653461456299},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.2598981261253357},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.2065010964870453},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.16684406995773315}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1002/fld.1922","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/fld.1922","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/fld.1922","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S155225502","display_name":"International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids","issn_l":"0271-2091","issn":["0271-2091","1097-0363"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-b","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":18,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1557992730","https://openalex.org/W1976873698","https://openalex.org/W1985773654","https://openalex.org/W1987887018","https://openalex.org/W1995853565","https://openalex.org/W1997082960","https://openalex.org/W2005676385","https://openalex.org/W2013170519","https://openalex.org/W2017530169","https://openalex.org/W2025390761","https://openalex.org/W2029447139","https://openalex.org/W2034061952","https://openalex.org/W2058334112","https://openalex.org/W2079492568","https://openalex.org/W2085615795","https://openalex.org/W2259911246","https://openalex.org/W2794349177","https://openalex.org/W4205278929"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2091649586","https://openalex.org/W2767572487","https://openalex.org/W292282965","https://openalex.org/W2961749139","https://openalex.org/W1971998369","https://openalex.org/W4226248590","https://openalex.org/W2805096554","https://openalex.org/W2466933130","https://openalex.org/W2327910331","https://openalex.org/W2042623607"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"An":[1],"important":[2],"way":[3],"of":[4,13,22,33,38,46,106,124,130,138,150,158,168,187,193,203],"increasing":[5],"the":[6,10,18,23,31,65,70,97,104,122,139,148,156,166,177,179,191,194,199],"speed":[7,164],"and":[8,135,161,189],"lowering":[9],"fuel":[11],"consumption":[12],"ships":[14],"is":[15,30,41,100,197,205],"by":[16,54,69,171,184],"decreasing":[17],"frictional":[19],"drag.":[20],"One":[21],"most":[24],"promising":[25],"techniques":[26],"for":[27,51],"reducing":[28],"drag":[29,52,107,113,169,180,201],"use":[32],"air":[34,78,125,131,159],"bubbles.":[35],"The":[36,92,115],"goal":[37],"this":[39,119],"investigation":[40],"to":[42,102,176],"establish":[43],"a":[44,55,82,172],"set":[45],"optimum":[47,198],"robust":[48],"parametric":[49,195],"levels":[50,196],"reduction":[53,170,202],"mixture":[56,173],"(air\u2013water)":[57],"film":[58],"in":[59,118],"turbulent":[60,75],"channel":[61],"flow.":[62],"Based":[63],"on":[64,96],"conditions":[66],"laid":[67],"out":[68],"Taguchi":[71],"orthogonal":[72],"array":[73],"method,":[74],"flows,":[76],"with":[77],"bubbles":[79],"injected":[80],"into":[81],"channel,":[83],"are":[84,121],"simulated":[85],"using":[86],"commercial":[87],"computational":[88],"fluid":[89],"dynamics":[90],"software.":[91],"local":[93],"shear":[94,140],"stress":[95],"upper":[98],"wall":[99],"computed":[101],"evaluate":[103],"efficiency":[105,167],"reduction.":[108,114],"Many":[109],"factors":[110,116,143],"can":[111,181],"affect":[112],"investigated":[117,146],"study":[120],"rate":[123,157],"injection,":[126,132],"bubble":[127],"size,":[128],"area":[129],"flow":[133,163],"speed,":[134],"measured":[136],"position":[137],"stress.":[141],"These":[142],"have":[144],"been":[145],"through":[147],"analysis":[149],"variance,":[151],"which":[152],"has":[153],"revealed":[154],"that":[155],"injection":[160],"water":[162],"dominate":[165],"film.":[174],"According":[175],"results,":[178],"be":[182],"reduced":[183],"an":[185],"average":[186],"83.4%;":[188],"when":[190],"configuration":[192],"maximum":[200],"88.5%":[204],"achieved.":[206],"Copyright":[207],"\u00a9":[208],"2008":[209],"John":[210],"Wiley":[211],"&":[212],"Sons,":[213],"Ltd.":[214]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}