{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2153274332","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/24.326434","title":"Standard deviation as an alternative to fuzziness in fault tree models","display_name":"Standard deviation as an alternative to fuzziness in fault tree models","publication_year":1994,"publication_date":"1994-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2153274332","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/24.326434","mag":"2153274332"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/24.326434","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/24.326434","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/24.326434","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S87725633","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Reliability","issn_l":"0018-9529","issn":["0018-9529","1558-1721"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","ccf-c","cwts-core","dongbi-b","jufo-2","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Reliability","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084510787","display_name":"Lavon B. Page","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I137902535","display_name":"North Carolina State University","ror":"https://ror.org/04tj63d06","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I137902535"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"L.B. Page","raw_affiliation_strings":["North Carolina State University, Raleigh, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"North Carolina State University, Raleigh, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I137902535"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075385354","display_name":"Jo Ellen Perry","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I137902535","display_name":"North Carolina State University","ror":"https://ror.org/04tj63d06","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I137902535"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"J.E. Perry","raw_affiliation_strings":["North Carolina State University, Raleigh, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"North Carolina State University, Raleigh, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I137902535"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I137902535"],"apc_list":{"value":2645,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2645},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.8222,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":23,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.87294521,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"43","issue":"3","first_page":"402","last_page":"407"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11357","display_name":"Risk and Safety Analysis","score":0.9955999851226807,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1804","display_name":"Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11357","display_name":"Risk and Safety Analysis","score":0.9955999851226807,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1804","display_name":"Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10780","display_name":"Reliability and Maintenance Optimization","score":0.0026000000070780516,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2213","display_name":"Safety, Risk, Reliability and Quality"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11303","display_name":"Bayesian Modeling and Causal Inference","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fault-tree-analysis","display_name":"fault tree analysis","score":0.9070000052452087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/standard-deviation","display_name":"standard deviation","score":0.6520000100135803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/top-event-probability","display_name":"top event probability","score":0.7509999871253967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fuzzy-fault-tree","display_name":"fuzzy fault tree","score":0.5770000219345093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reliability-analysis","display_name":"reliability analysis","score":0.34299999475479126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computational-complexity","display_name":"computational complexity","score":0.38999998569488525}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107094494","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q428453","display_name":"Fault tree analysis","level":2,"score":0.7686558961868286},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779662365","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5416694","display_name":"Event (particle physics)","level":2,"score":0.7256020903587341},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63584917","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q333286","display_name":"Bounding overwatch","level":2,"score":0.6482560634613037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149441793","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q200726","display_name":"Probability distribution","level":2,"score":0.6205602884292603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49937458","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2599292","display_name":"Probabilistic logic","level":2,"score":0.5750644207000732},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C179800331","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15260703","display_name":"Event tree analysis","level":3,"score":0.5692744255065918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C65898831","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q574852","display_name":"Event tree","level":3,"score":0.5675469040870667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5120904445648193},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197055811","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207522","display_name":"Probability density function","level":2,"score":0.4953104555606842},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22679943","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q159375","display_name":"Standard deviation","level":2,"score":0.44815054535865784},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q224821","display_name":"Fuzzy logic","level":2,"score":0.44327232241630554},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.42174625396728516},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C130648207","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6007562","display_name":"Imprecise probability","level":3,"score":0.412129670381546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.39728671312332153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.3790328800678253},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.31159907579421997},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.25955742597579956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C200601418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2193887","display_name":"Reliability engineering","level":1,"score":0.15225869417190552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.07250487804412842},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/24.326434","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/24.326434","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/24.326434","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S87725633","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Reliability","issn_l":"0018-9529","issn":["0018-9529","1558-1721"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","ccf-c","cwts-core","dongbi-b","jufo-2","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Reliability","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":9,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1971998016","https://openalex.org/W2015184237","https://openalex.org/W2032900969","https://openalex.org/W2043772053","https://openalex.org/W2059389889","https://openalex.org/W2059593501","https://openalex.org/W2066069799","https://openalex.org/W2088389704","https://openalex.org/W2100047952"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2259219975","https://openalex.org/W2071520292","https://openalex.org/W4223538898","https://openalex.org/W2019329020","https://openalex.org/W2990903261","https://openalex.org/W4323356223","https://openalex.org/W2165273843","https://openalex.org/W2116254707","https://openalex.org/W1988536640","https://openalex.org/W2369884446"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Construction":[0],"of":[1,17,36,40,43,45,72,91,108,117,121,124,126,172,178],"fault-tree":[2],"models":[3],"almost":[4],"always":[5],"involves":[6],"some":[7],"engineering":[8],"judgment":[9],"or":[10,67],"estimation":[11],"when":[12],"it":[13],"comes":[14],"to":[15,54,166,184],"assignment":[16],"probabilities":[18,42,71,123],"for":[19,146,155],"the":[20,24,41,46,58,70,73,88,92,118,122,127,137,147,168,173,186],"primary":[21,47,74,128,148,157],"events":[22,158],"in":[23,31,57,69,102,136,192],"fault":[25,33],"tree.":[26],"The":[27],"top":[28,174],"event":[29],"probability":[30,60,153,170],"a":[32,38],"tree":[34],"is,":[35],"course,":[37,109],"function":[39],"occurrence":[44,125],"events.":[48,75,149],"A":[49,105],"clearly":[50],"desirable":[51],"goal":[52],"is":[53,110,133],"characterize":[55],"fluctuations":[56],"top-event":[59,93],"that":[61,79,111],"might":[62],"be":[63,84,182],"caused":[64],"by":[65,86],"variations":[66],"uncertainty":[68],"This":[76,95],"paper":[77],"shows":[78],"useful":[80],"probabilistic":[81,98],"information":[82,99],"can":[83,181],"obtained":[85],"bounding":[87],"standard":[89,119,187],"deviation":[90,120],"probability.":[94],"approach":[96,113],"provides":[97],"not":[100,134],"inherent":[101],"fuzzy":[103,138],"methods.":[104],"corresponding":[106],"caveat,":[107],"this":[112,131],"requires":[114],"specific":[115],"knowledge":[116,132],"events,":[129],"and":[130],"assumed":[135],"approaches":[139],"which":[140],"instead":[141],"assume":[142],"known":[143],"possibility":[144],"functions":[145],"Even":[150],"if":[151],"precise":[152],"distributions":[154],"all":[156],"are":[159],"known,":[160],"computational":[161,193],"difficulties":[162],"thwart":[163],"any":[164],"effort":[165],"determine":[167],"exact":[169],"distribution":[171],"event.":[175],"Feasible":[176],"extensions":[177],"existing":[179],"algorithms":[180],"used":[183],"bound":[185],"deviation,":[188],"with":[189],"little":[190],"increase":[191],"complexity.>":[194]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-08-21T09:56:20.448147","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
