{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2153237040","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1377/hlthaff.w3.135","title":"Hospital Tiers In Health Insurance: Balancing Consumer Choice With Financial Incentives","display_name":"Hospital Tiers In Health Insurance: Balancing Consumer Choice With Financial Incentives","publication_year":2003,"publication_date":"2003-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2153237040","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1377/hlthaff.w3.135","mag":"2153237040","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14527246"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1377/hlthaff.w3.135","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1377/hlthaff.w3.135","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1377/hlthaff.w3.135","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210185023","display_name":"Health Affairs","issn_l":"0278-2715","issn":["0278-2715","1544-5208","2694-233X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","dongbi-a","doyens","fnege-2","jufo-2","medline","norway-1","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315983","host_organization_name":"Project HOPE","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315983"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Project HOPE"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Health Affairs","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://escholarship.org/content/qt2b89g1m7/qt2b89g1m7.pdf?t=o9nehm","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053143136","display_name":"James C. Robinson","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0056-3017","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0056-3017"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I95457486","display_name":"University of California, Berkeley","ror":"https://ror.org/01an7q238","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"James C. Robinson","raw_affiliation_strings":["Jamie Robinson is a professor of health economics at the School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Jamie Robinson is a professor of health economics at the School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5053143136"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":7.6116,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":55,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96728426,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":87,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"22","issue":"Suppl1","first_page":"W3","last_page":"135"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10391","display_name":"Healthcare Policy and Management","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10391","display_name":"Healthcare Policy and Management","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11531","display_name":"Healthcare Systems and Reforms","score":0.00039999998989515007,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11792","display_name":"Pharmaceutical Economics and Policy","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hospital-prices","display_name":"hospital prices","score":0.597000002861023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/consumer-choice","display_name":"consumer choice","score":0.6809999942779541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/financial-incentives","display_name":"financial incentives","score":0.6859999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/coinsurance","display_name":"coinsurance","score":0.9269999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/copayments","display_name":"copayments","score":0.8579999804496765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hmos","display_name":"HMOs","score":0.8080000281333923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ppo","display_name":"PPO","score":0.9929999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/market-power","display_name":"market power","score":0.656000018119812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medical-education","display_name":"medical education","score":0.8339999914169312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/uncompensated-care","display_name":"uncompensated care","score":0.9980000257492065}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775884135","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q845436","display_name":"Mandate","level":2,"score":0.7071898579597473},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29122968","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1414816","display_name":"Incentive","level":2,"score":0.6841840744018555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.6459534764289856},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776314989","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q833495","display_name":"Consumer choice","level":2,"score":0.5525074005126953},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160735492","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q31207","display_name":"Health care","level":2,"score":0.5287852883338928},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779530757","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1207505","display_name":"Quality (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.5050330758094788},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2983635472","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q334911","display_name":"Health insurance","level":3,"score":0.48809942603111267},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C93226319","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193137","display_name":"Differential (mechanical device)","level":2,"score":0.46977561712265015},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162118730","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1128453","display_name":"Actuarial science","level":1,"score":0.4692167043685913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162853370","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39809","display_name":"Marketing","level":1,"score":0.38208967447280884},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.37606221437454224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.20193704962730408},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175444787","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39072","display_name":"Microeconomics","level":1,"score":0.1358916461467743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50522688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189833","display_name":"Economic growth","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146978453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3798668","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D003258","descriptor_name":"Consumer Behavior","qualifier_ui":"Q000191","qualifier_name":"economics","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003284","descriptor_name":"Contract Services","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004501","descriptor_name":"Education, Medical","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006279","descriptor_name":"Health Maintenance Organizations","qualifier_ui":"Q000191","qualifier_name":"economics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006761","descriptor_name":"Hospitals","qualifier_ui":"Q000145","qualifier_name":"classification","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007350","descriptor_name":"Insurance, Hospitalization","qualifier_ui":"Q000639","qualifier_name":"trends","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008329","descriptor_name":"Managed Care Programs","qualifier_ui":"Q000191","qualifier_name":"economics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008329","descriptor_name":"Managed Care Programs","qualifier_ui":"Q000458","qualifier_name":"organization & administration","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D011243","descriptor_name":"Preferred Provider Organizations","qualifier_ui":"Q000191","qualifier_name":"economics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012052","descriptor_name":"Reimbursement, Incentive","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D014481","descriptor_name":"United States","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D017047","descriptor_name":"Cost Sharing","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D017664","descriptor_name":"Uncompensated Care","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D017721","descriptor_name":"Hospital Costs","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D019033","descriptor_name":"Delivery of Health Care, Integrated","qualifier_ui":"Q000191","qualifier_name":"economics","is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1377/hlthaff.w3.135","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1377/hlthaff.w3.135","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1377/hlthaff.w3.135","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210185023","display_name":"Health Affairs","issn_l":"0278-2715","issn":["0278-2715","1544-5208","2694-233X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","dongbi-a","doyens","fnege-2","jufo-2","medline","norway-1","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315983","host_organization_name":"Project HOPE","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315983"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Project HOPE"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Health Affairs","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:14527246","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14527246","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Health affairs (Project Hope)","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:escholarship.org/ark:/13030/qt2b89g1m7","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/2b89g1m7","pdf_url":"https://escholarship.org/content/qt2b89g1m7/qt2b89g1m7.pdf?t=o9nehm","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400115","display_name":"eScholarship (California Digital Library)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2801248553","host_organization_name":"California Digital Library","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801248553"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Health affairs (Project Hope), vol Suppl Web Exclusives","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:qt2b89g1m7","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/2b89g1m7","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400115","display_name":"eScholarship (California Digital Library)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2801248553","host_organization_name":"California Digital Library","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801248553"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Robinson, James C.(2003). Hospital tiers in health insurance: balancing consumer choice with financial incentives. Health affairs (Project Hope), Suppl Web Exclusives, W3 - 46. UC Berkeley: Retrieved from: http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/2b89g1m7","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"mag:2766784410","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://escholarship.org/content/qt2b89g1m7/qt2b89g1m7.pdf","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:escholarship.org/ark:/13030/qt2b89g1m7","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/2b89g1m7","pdf_url":"https://escholarship.org/content/qt2b89g1m7/qt2b89g1m7.pdf?t=o9nehm","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400115","display_name":"eScholarship (California Digital Library)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2801248553","host_organization_name":"California Digital Library","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801248553"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Health affairs (Project Hope), vol Suppl Web Exclusives","raw_type":"article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2153237040.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2153237040.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":21,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1579340754","https://openalex.org/W1979016543","https://openalex.org/W1987345879","https://openalex.org/W1998350760","https://openalex.org/W2012219553","https://openalex.org/W2025533540","https://openalex.org/W2060470790","https://openalex.org/W2066709697","https://openalex.org/W2072703138","https://openalex.org/W2099552295","https://openalex.org/W2111106553","https://openalex.org/W2137996544","https://openalex.org/W2143580867","https://openalex.org/W2147113482","https://openalex.org/W2154879800","https://openalex.org/W2157734161","https://openalex.org/W2160714335","https://openalex.org/W2169116828","https://openalex.org/W2208032210","https://openalex.org/W3044952328","https://openalex.org/W4299696569"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2766784410","https://openalex.org/W2002147883","https://openalex.org/W2566453526","https://openalex.org/W2472141845","https://openalex.org/W3091194384","https://openalex.org/W3097482310","https://openalex.org/W2254948812","https://openalex.org/W2411234490","https://openalex.org/W1990597204","https://openalex.org/W2284889062"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Variations":[0],"in":[1,10,69,89],"efficiency":[2],"and":[3,62,83,98,102],"market":[4],"power":[5],"are":[6,21],"generating":[7],"wide":[8],"variations":[9],"the":[11,28,33,44,63,79,85],"prices":[12],"charged":[13],"by":[14,67],"hospitals":[15],"to":[16,30,36],"health":[17],"insurance":[18],"plans.":[19],"Insurers":[20],"developing":[22],"new":[23,80],"network":[24,81],"structures":[25],"that":[26],"expose":[27],"consumer":[29],"some":[31],"of":[32,43,65],"cost":[34],"differences,":[35],"encourage":[37],"but":[38],"not":[39],"mandate":[40],"differential":[41],"use":[42],"more":[45],"economical":[46],"facilities.":[47],"The":[48],"three":[49],"leading":[50],"designs":[51,82],"include":[52],"hospital":[53],"\"tiers\"":[54],"within":[55],"a":[56],"single":[57],"broad":[58],"network,":[59],"multiple-network":[60],"products,":[61],"replacement":[64],"copayments":[66],"coinsurance":[68],"HMO":[70],"as":[71,73],"well":[72],"PPO":[74],"products.":[75],"This":[76],"paper":[77],"describes":[78],"evaluates":[84],"challenges":[86],"they":[87],"face":[88],"influencing":[90],"consumers'":[91],"behavior,":[92],"incorporating":[93],"information":[94],"on":[95],"clinical":[96],"quality,":[97],"supporting":[99],"medical":[100],"education":[101],"uncompensated":[103],"care.":[104]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
