{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2153227285","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/3.481923","title":"Energy transfer up-conversion and excited state absorption of laser radiation in Nd:YLF laser crystals","display_name":"Energy transfer up-conversion and excited state absorption of laser radiation in Nd:YLF laser crystals","publication_year":1996,"publication_date":"1996-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2153227285","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/3.481923","mag":"2153227285"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/3.481923","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/3.481923","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/3.481923","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S80223966","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Quantum Electronics","issn_l":"0018-9197","issn":["0018-9197","1558-1713"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-c","jufo-2","norway-2","poland-70","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310322178","host_organization_name":"IEEE Photonics Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310322178","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Photonics Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Quantum Electronics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109267219","display_name":"Ti Chuang","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210148507","display_name":"Fibertek (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/045m6nf19","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210148507"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ti Chuang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Fibertek, Inc., Herndon, VA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Fibertek, Inc., Herndon, VA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210148507"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109512317","display_name":"Horacio R. Verd\u00fan","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210148507","display_name":"Fibertek (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/045m6nf19","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210148507"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"H.R. Verdun","raw_affiliation_strings":["Fibertek, Inc., Herndon, VA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Fibertek, Inc., Herndon, VA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210148507"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210148507"],"apc_list":{"value":2645,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2645},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":7.4572,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":78,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97755309,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":87,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"32","issue":"1","first_page":"79","last_page":"91"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11127","display_name":"Solid State Laser Technologies","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11127","display_name":"Solid State Laser Technologies","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10097","display_name":"Luminescence Properties of Advanced Materials","score":0.00019999999494757503,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2505","display_name":"Materials Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11050","display_name":"Photorefractive and Nonlinear Optics","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/excited-state-absorption","display_name":"excited-state absorption","score":0.9980000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/yellow-fluorescence","display_name":"yellow fluorescence","score":0.5889999866485596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/blue-fluorescence","display_name":"blue fluorescence","score":0.9940000176429749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rate-equation-model","display_name":"rate equation model","score":0.6579999923706055}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C181500209","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q215328","display_name":"Excited state","level":2,"score":0.7496546506881714},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C520434653","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q38867","display_name":"Laser","level":2,"score":0.7120574116706848},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184779094","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26383","display_name":"Atomic physics","level":1,"score":0.6329200267791748},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C125287762","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1758948","display_name":"Absorption (acoustics)","level":2,"score":0.6051759719848633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10730404","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6493090","display_name":"Laser pumping","level":3,"score":0.5538979172706604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148651041","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2027473","display_name":"Optical pumping","level":3,"score":0.48448416590690613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.4757152199745178},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111163200","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q904041","display_name":"Rate equation","level":3,"score":0.42936909198760986},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C540262125","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1388","display_name":"Neodymium","level":3,"score":0.4251480996608734},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.40168437361717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113196181","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q485223","display_name":"Analytical Chemistry (journal)","level":2,"score":0.3860945999622345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.2283843457698822},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.19467788934707642},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148898269","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1108792","display_name":"Kinetics","level":2,"score":0.13512703776359558},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43617362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170050","display_name":"Chromatography","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/3.481923","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/3.481923","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/3.481923","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S80223966","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Quantum Electronics","issn_l":"0018-9197","issn":["0018-9197","1558-1713"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-c","jufo-2","norway-2","poland-70","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310322178","host_organization_name":"IEEE Photonics Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310322178","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Photonics Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Quantum Electronics","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":20,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W843921755","https://openalex.org/W1594748476","https://openalex.org/W1972998825","https://openalex.org/W1990872733","https://openalex.org/W2000894212","https://openalex.org/W2009715616","https://openalex.org/W2015552936","https://openalex.org/W2018460192","https://openalex.org/W2046825653","https://openalex.org/W2052196811","https://openalex.org/W2054382692","https://openalex.org/W2092321646","https://openalex.org/W2117649200","https://openalex.org/W2154644245","https://openalex.org/W2155644259","https://openalex.org/W2160992489","https://openalex.org/W2266236186","https://openalex.org/W2482732363","https://openalex.org/W2604655464","https://openalex.org/W2738150455"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2278840768","https://openalex.org/W4320805222","https://openalex.org/W2048762050","https://openalex.org/W1554395645","https://openalex.org/W843921755","https://openalex.org/W4321262440","https://openalex.org/W1985251031","https://openalex.org/W1527067354","https://openalex.org/W1976359872","https://openalex.org/W2356168893"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Experiments":[0],"at":[1],"room":[2],"temperature":[3],"were":[4,26,84],"carried":[5],"out":[6],"to":[7,47,107,117,123],"study":[8],"the":[9,15,40,52,62,69,128,138,141,147,153,157,160,174,184,195,210,217,227,231],"higher":[10,81,110],"order":[11,82,111],"processes":[12,83,121],"that":[13,146,169],"produced":[14],"yellow":[16],"and":[17,35,38,88,95,122,202,208],"blue":[18],"fluorescence":[19],"observed":[20],"in":[21,193,209,216],"Nd:YLF":[22,213],"laser":[23,75,96],"crystals,":[24],"which":[25,125],"pumped":[27],"by":[28],"lasers":[29,214],"with":[30,39,76,137],"wavelengths":[31],"between":[32,119],"785":[33],"nm":[34],"811":[36],"nm,":[37],"pump":[41,78,94,228],"power":[42],"density":[43],"ranging":[44],"from":[45,183,230],"10":[46],"30":[48],"kW/cm/sup":[49],"2/,":[50],"or":[51,178],"stored":[53],"energy":[54,85,148],"density,":[55],"15-45":[56],"J/cm/sup":[57],"3/.":[58],"The":[59,132,220],"analysis":[60],"of":[61,72,92,140,159,173,212,222,226],"experimental":[63,133],"results":[64,134],"provided":[65],"an":[66],"explanation":[67],"for":[68,156],"performance":[70,211],"degradation":[71],"a":[73,190],"Q-switched":[74],"increasing":[77],"intensity.":[79],"These":[80],"transfer":[86,149],"up-conversion":[87,150],"excited":[89,170,223],"state":[90,171,224],"absorption":[91,172,225],"both":[93],"radiation.":[97],"A":[98],"model":[99,114],"was":[100],"also":[101,167],"developed":[102],"based":[103],"upon":[104],"rate":[105],"equations":[106],"describe":[108],"these":[109,120],"processes.":[112],"This":[113],"allowed":[115],"us":[116],"discriminate":[118],"determine":[124],"one":[126],"played":[127],"most":[129],"important":[130],"role.":[131],"agreed":[135],"well":[136],"predictions":[139],"model.":[142],"It":[143,165],"is":[144,152,166,237],"concluded":[145,168],"process":[151],"dominant":[154],"mechanism":[155],"population":[158],"/sup":[161,185,196,199,203,232],"4/G/sub":[162,186],"7/2/":[163,187],"multiplet.":[164],"1.05":[175],"/spl":[176,180],"mu/m":[177,181],"1.3":[179],"radiation":[182,229],"multiplet":[188,236],"play":[189],"significant":[191],"role":[192],"populating":[194],"2/P/sub":[197,204],"3/2/,":[198],"2/D(1)/sub":[200],"5/2/,":[201],"1/2":[205,234],"/":[206,235],"manifolds,":[207],"operating":[215],"pulsed":[218],"mode.":[219],"effect":[221],"4/F/sub":[233],"much":[238],"less":[239],"important.":[240]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}